• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.13 no.10
• /
• pp.4822-4831
• /
• 2012

During the 2000s there were changes in the educational facility policy having impact on school architecture, such as departmental classroom system by the 7th national curriculum and BTL projects. Especially for secondary school architecture with the new keyword of 'departmental classroom system' unlike elementary school with the well-known keyword of 'open classroom', the emergence of new school architecture was anticipated. For these reasons it is worth while to notice secondary school architecture in the 2000s and this study aims to review the architectural characteristics of middle schools as first step. Cases of 18 schools selected by EDUMAC were analyzed focused on site planning and planning characteristics of each spaces. Through the analysis, the architectural characteristics of middle schools in the 2000s are summarized and comments on some problems are made. In summary, case schools have typical characteristics of Korean school architecture in unit classrooms and block plan for daylight condition. On the other hand, they have more diversity in space organization and facility program. But it leave something to be desired in expressing urban architectural characteristics, traditionality and locality with searching for new school architecture.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.13 no.11
• /
• pp.5389-5396
• /
• 2012

In this paper, an optimized residual data decoder architecture is proposed to improve the performance in H.264/AVC. The proposed architecture is an integrated architecture that combined parallel inverse transform architecture and parallel inverse quantization architecture with common operation units applied new inverse quantization equations. The equations without division operation can reduce execution time and quantity of operation for inverse quantization process. The common operation unit uses multiplier and left shifter for the equations. The inverse quantization architecture with four common operation units can reduce execution cycle of inverse quantization to one cycle. The inverse transform architecture consists of eight inverse transform operation units. Therefore, the architecture can reduce the execution cycle of inverse transform to one cycle. Because inverse quantization operation and inverse transform operation are concurrency, the execution cycle of inverse transform and inverse quantization operation for one $4{\times}4$ block is one cycle. The proposed architecture is synthesized using Magnachip 0.18um CMOS technology. The gate count and the critical path delay of the architecture are 21.9k and 5.5ns, respectively. The throughput of the architecture can achieve 2.89Gpixels/sec at the maximum clock frequency of 181MHz. As the result of measuring the performance of the proposed architecture using the extracted data from JM 9.4, the execution cycle of the proposed architecture is about 88.5% less than that of the existing designs.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• v.31
• /
• pp.10.1-10.8
• /
• 2016

Objectives Aromatase inhibitors that block estrogen synthesis are a proven first-line hormonal therapy for postmenopausal breast cancer. Although it is known that standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb761) induces anti-carcinogenic effects like the aromatase inhibitors, the effects of EGb761 on steroidogenesis have not been studied yet. Therefore, the effects of EGb761 on steroidogenesis and aromatase activity was studied using a H295R cell model, which was a good in vitro model to predict effects on human adrenal steroidogenesis. Methods Cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone, and $17{\beta}$-estradiol were evaluated in the H295R cells by competitive enzyme-linked immunospecific assay after exposure to EGb761. Real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed to evaluate effects on critical genes in steroid hormone production, specifically cytochrome P450 (CYP11/ 17/19/21) and the hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases ($3{\beta}$-HSD2 and $17{\beta}$-HSD1/4). Finally, aromatase activities were measured with a tritiated water-release assay and by western blotting analysis. Results H295R cells exposed to EGb761 (10 and $100{\mu}g/mL$) showed a significant decrease in $17{\beta}$-estradiol and testosterone, but no change in aldosterone or cortisol. Genes (CYP19 and $17{\beta}$-HSD1) related to the estrogen steroidogenesis were significantly decreased by EGb761. EGb761 treatment of H295R cells resulted in a significant decrease of aromatase activity as measured by the direct and indirect assays. The coding sequence/Exon PII of CYP19 gene transcript and protein level of CYP19 were significantly decreased by EGb761. Conclusions These results suggest that EGb761 could regulate steroidogenesis-related genes such as CYP19 and $17{\beta}$-HSD1, and lead to a decrease in $17{\beta}$-estradiol and testosterone. The present study provides good information on potential therapeutic effects of EGb761 on estrogen dependent breast cancer.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.139-146
• /
• 2006

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of microbial inoculant on the quality of round baled grass silage at experimental field of Grassland and Forages Division, National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, Suwon from 1997 to 1998. The experiment was consist of randomized block design with three replications. The treatments were three different inoculant (control, inoculant A, B and C). The contents of ether extract(EE), crude protein(CP) and in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD) in inoculant treatment plots were higher than those in control. Silages treated by Inoculant A, Band C had significantly lower acidity than that of control silage (p<0.05). Dry matter(DM) content of control silage was higher than those of inoculant treated silage. There were significant differences in organic acid contents among treatments(p<0.05). Lactic acid was increased with inoculant treatment, but, acetic and butyric acid was decreased. The DM loss of all silages were decreased with inoculant treatment and quality grade of inoculant treated silage was higher than that of control. Results of this study indicate that addition of microbial inoculant will improve the fermentation and quality of round baled grass silage.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.133-138
• /
• 2006

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of wrap color on the quality of round baled grass silage at experimental field of Grassland and Forages Division, National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, Suwon from 1997 to 1998. The experiment was consist of randomized block design with three replications. The treatments were three wrap color(white, black and light green). Wrap color did not affect chemical composition. Fiber components(ADF and NDF) of all silages after 2 months were higher than those of forages at ensiling. Among tested wrap colors, white color wrap resulted in lower pH than others (p<0.05) but, there was no significant difference between black and light green color. Dry matter content of light green color was the highest among warp colors, but there was no signifiant difference (p<0.05). Acetic and butyric acid contents of all plots. were not found significant difference among wrap color and wrap color did not influence lactic acid and organic acid concentration. The effect of wrap color on the quality grade and DM loss also were not found significant difference. Results of this study indicate that wrap color does not influence the quality of silage.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.151-160
• /
• 2018

Waxes currently used as a coating material to preserve surfaces of outdoor iron sculptures tend to face lower coating strength and efflorescence due to the aging from air pollution and acid rains. Consequently, they are subjected to repeated corrosions shortly after the treatment. And the sculptures face the problem losing their original nature because of the changes of colors and lusters, so this convergence study aims at developing wax with better performance than the existing materials. For this reason, the study identified the effects of physical property using the environmental experiments such as the tests of salt spray and gas corrosion as well as the analysis of luster level and thermo-gravimetry. As this study result, the developed ISC wax showed the excellent blocking effect from salt water and coating durability more than five times compared with the existing waxes, better acid resistance by two-four times, sun block effect by 2-10 times, improved luster variance by 3-16 times, improved thermo-stability and durability by 0.5-5 times, and therefore demonstrating far better coating effect than the existing waxes. In the light of these findings, this study contributes for this new development which can replace the existing waxes used so far in order to preserve the outdoor iron sculptures.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.372-382
• /
• 2006

Most of the conventional breakwaters impermeable breakwaters which block seawater exchange between the outside and inside of the harbors. The blocking of seawater exchange may cause pollution of water in harbors. To solve the water pollution problem, various kinds of seawater exchange breakwaters have been proposed. Their types can be classified into the current type which uses tidal current, and the overtopping type which uses the wave energy. The overtopping type breakwaters require a discharge coefficient to calculate the rate of overtopping into the harbor. The present study is to compute the rate of overtopping with introduction of a correct discharge coefficient and to evaluate the effect of the overtopping type breakwater on the water qualify inside a harbor. The rate of overtopping was computed by using Forchheimer formula with time dependent mild-slope equation for various wave conditions. The formula has been generally used to calculate the overflow discharge in steady state river flows. The discharge coefficient, which is the key parameter of the calculation, was determined by a series of hydraulic model tests. The present scheme was applied to the seawater exchange section of the western breakwater of Jeju New Harbor's and the efficiency of that section was examined. The calculated results showed that the rate of overtopping into the harbor reached about $27.5m^3/s$ in the wave condition (wave height 3.7 m, wave period 8.5s, and wave direction NNW).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.99-104
• /
• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate on agronomic characteristics, dry matter (DM) and digestible dry matter (DDM) yields of summer sowing sorghum hybrids (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) at Seongju in Gyeongbuk from 2013 to 2014. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Sorghum hybrids were seeded $31^{st}$ of July, 2013 and 2014. Sorghum hybrids were harvested on $3^{rd}$ November, 2013 and $5^{th}$ November, 2014. The observed average heading date was October 5, 8 and 9 for Sordan79, Sprint and SX17 respectively. The DM yield of 'SX17', 'Sordan79', and 'Sprint' was 24.2, 23,9 and 23.4 ton/ha, respectively and DM yield of those were significantly higher (p<0.05) than other three cultivars in 2013. DM yield of 'SX17', 'Sprint' and 'Sordan79' was 20.8, 20.0 and 19.3 ton/ha, respectively and DM yield of those was significantly higher (p<0.05) than other three cultivars in 2014. The DDM yield of 'SX17', 'Sordan79', and 'Sprint' was also higher (p<0.05) than other three cultivars in 2013 and 2014. ADF content of sorghum hybrids was low, whereas DDM was high. The results of this study indicated that traditional sorghum-sudangrass hybrids ('SX17', 'Sordan79') and sudan grass-sudangrass hybrid ('Sprint') than late flowering sorghum-sudangrass hybrid ('PACF8350') and sorghum-sorghum hybrids ('SS405', 'Sugar grazer') would be recommended for DM and DDM yields in the southern Korea.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.882-889
• /
• 2012

This study was surveyed that water physiochemical characteristics and phytoplankton incidence of main stream and Lake Doam near to Daegwallyeong agricultural area. Based on above results, it was conducted to get information overall water characteristics in south Han upstream river. COD value of Lake Doam was $6.1mg\;L^{-1}$ and T-P (Total phosphorous) from there was $0.26mg\;L^{-1}$ which was higher than the value of grade VI based on lake water living environment standard. Suspended solid was an average of 9.77 NTU which was higher than value of lake living standard. Concentration of phytoplankton was over $2.0{\times}10^3Cell\;mL^{-1}$ from July to September. It was considered that cyanobacteria were occurred due to massive influx of nutrient material by high temperature and rainfall during this season. Compare to Ontario's sediment quality guidelines, T-N and T-P was middle value between LEL and SEL in Lake Doam. This value means that contamination in water is serious. Therefore, it is considered that systematic management was needed to reduce and block contamination source.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.42 no.6
• /
• pp.635-643
• /
• 2009

In this paper, a Quaternary fault is described, which is developed in the mid-eastern part of Ulsan Fault Zone, near the southern Gaegok-ri, Oedong-eub, Gyeongju, Korea. The Gaegok 6 fault is developed along the contact between Early Tertiary granite and Quaternary gravel deposit overlying unconformably the granite. The fault strikes $N02^{\circ}{\sim}22^{\circ}E$ and dips $45^{\circ}{\sim}80^{\circ}$ to the west. This fault has a 30~50 cm wide cataclastic shear zone with gouge zone, mixed with Quaternary sediments and fault breccia of granite. In the main Quaternary fault plane, the orientation of striation is $17^{\circ}$, $356^{\circ}$, indicating a dextral strike-slip faulting with some normal component. There is another striation ($78^{\circ}$, $278^{\circ}$ and $43^{\circ}$, $270^{\circ}$) with reverse-slip sense, developed on the subsidiary plane which cuts the main Quaternary fault plane. In brief, the fault has been developed between the granite in the western part and the Quaternary gravel deposit in the eastern part. The western block of fault is uplifted. The striations and movement senses of faults indicate multiple compressional stages in this region. The fault has a similar orientation, westward dipping geometric pattern, and reverse sensed kinematic pattern with Gaegok 1 fault developed in the north. Thus, the Gaegok 6 fault is probably a southern extension of Gaegok 1 fault.