• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.40
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• pp.413-430
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• 2007

This study analyzed the foreign substances in waterlogged archaeological woods and compounds in soil where waterlogged archaeological wood was buried, in order to examine the relationship between burial environment and foreign substances in waterlogged archaeological wood. The XRF(X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy) and EDX(Energy Dispersive X-ray) analysis were conducted to examine the effect of iron(Fe) to blacken the waterlogged wood. The XRF results showed that investigated soil contained Si, Al, and Fe. Wood ash contained more sulfur and Fe than any other elements in the EDX analysis. Cellulose and hemicellulose were significantly reduced at the surface of wood, which is the blackened part of waterlogged wood. Foreign substances changed the surface color. These problems could be solved by removal of foreign substances in waterlogged archaeological wood using EDTA(Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid). The optimum condition to remove Fe from waterlogged wood by EDTA was investigated. To do this, the concentration of Fe removed was measured with various concentration of EDTA-2Na. The optimum pH of EDTA-2Na was figured to be 4.1 to 4.3. As the concentration of EDTA increased, the extracted concentration of Fe also increased. In the case of 0.4 wt% of EDTA-2Na, about 60ppm of Fe was eliminated and was stabilized after 48 hours. In the case of EDTA-3Na, the optimum pH was 7 to 8, and about 10 ppm of Fe was eliminated at 0.4 wt% of EDTA-3Na. In the case of EDTA-4Na, the optimum pH was 10 to 11, and about 20 ppm of Fe was eliminated at 0.4 wt% of EDTA-4Na. In conclusion, the iron(Fe) in waterlogged archaeological wood was removed by EDTA treatment and it increased the whiteness of the surface.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.58-63
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• 2011

pH control-precipitation method is used for recovery of EDTA from waste fluid of archeological waterlogged wood conservation treatment. EDTA has been used for eliminating of blacken effect in archeological waterlogged wood which was buried in the ground for long period of time. The black substance is generated by Fe$^{3+}$ in the soil reacted with tannin in the archeological waterlogged wood. In order to remove the black substance in archeological waterlogged wood, EDTA was used. The black substance is eliminated from wood as Fe-EDTA complex are formed, and EDTA is separated and precipitated from Fe-EDTA complexes at pH 2.68 or less. The result of analysis of the precipitated products and the commercial EDTA by FT-IR and FE-SEM showed that precipitated product by pH adjusted was not a type of Fe-EDTA complex, but pure EDTA. In this study, Fe$^{3+}$ from waste fluid of EDTA can be separated by HCl added. EDTA can be recycled by using the method of precipitation of EDTA in a strong acid.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.56 no.8
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• pp.424-431
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• 2018

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is an alkaline topical solution and it derives from the conjunction of silver nitrate and fluoride. It reduces the growth of cariogenic bacteria, inhibits degradation of dentinal collagen, impedes demineralization and enhances remineralization. It is inexpensive due to the low cost of materials and its application to dental surface is very simple and requires relatively short chair time. Previous studies have shown that the dental caries prevention effect of SDF is superior or similar to topical fluoride application. The main disadvantage of SDF is its esthetic result, and it permanently blacken carious enamel and dentin. The use of SDF has not yet been approved in Korea, but it may be helpful to prevent and treat dental caries in patients with special health care needs and uncooperative young patients.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.122-134
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• 2005

XRF, EDX, IR analysis was conducted to figure the effect of Fe to blacken the waterlogged wood. The results showed that investigated soil contained more Fe than normal soil by XRF analysis and wood ash contained more sulfur and Fe than any other element by EDX analysis. C-H and C-O peaks were significantly reduced at the surface of wood where is blackened part of waterlogged wood by IR analysis. The optimum condition to remove Fe from waterlogged wood by EDTA was investigated. To do this, removed concentration of Fe was measured at various concentration of EDTA-2Na. The optimum pH of EDTA-2Na was figured to be 4.1 to 4.3 and as the concentration of EDTA was increasing, extracted concentration of Fe was also increased. In the case of 0.4 wt% of EDTA-2Na, 700ppm of Fe was eliminated and was stabilized after 48 hours time lapse. In the case of EDTA-3Na, the optimum pH was 7 to 8, and 10 ppm of Fe was eliminated at 0.4 wt% of EDTA-3Na. In the case of EDTA-4Na, the optimum pH was 10 to 11, and 120 ppm of Fe was eliminated at 0.4 wt% of EDTA-4Na.