• 한국작물학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.195-199
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• 2010

This experiment was conducted to develop optimum sesame cultivation practices as succeeding cropping system of watermelon in the greenhouse condition. We also compared major components in sesame seed cultivated in the greenhouse and open field condition. The adaptable varieties under the greenhouse condition were white sesame 'Pyoungan' and black sesame 'Jinki' which showed higher yield and disease resistance. We also conducted several experiments to determine optimum sowing date, planting density and pinching time. Grain yields were statistically different according to the several sowing dates. In general, sesame sowing on June 30th showed higher grain yields than July 10th, July 20th and July 30th in the greenhouse. We also found out sesame cultivation practice with the row spacing of 40 cm and interplant spacing of 30 cm (a few branch type) or 40 cm (many branch type) showed higher yield than other treatments. Optimum pinching time was 25 days after first flowering in main stem when thousand seed weight and grain yield were highest. In the comparison of major components of sesame at the different cultivation conditions, sesame seeds cultivated in the greenhouse contained 4% much more oil content than open field condition. The lignan compounds, sesamin and sesamolin were also higher by 6% in the greenhouse than open field condition. It was concluded that sesame cultivation practices as succeeding cropping system of watermelon in the greenhouse condition guaranteed higher grain yield with less labor input which is now emerging alternative farming practice system in present aging rural society and will also give sesame cultivation farmers to increase net income in Korea.

• 천문학회보
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.68.2-68.2
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• 2016

We present the variability and time lag measurements of PG 0934+013 based on the photometric and spectroscopic monitoring campaign over two years. We obtained 46 epochs of data from the spectroscopic campaign, which was carried out using the South African Large Telescope with 1 week cadence over two sets of 4 month-long observing period, while we obtained 80 epochs of B band data from the campaign. Due to the six month gap between two campaigns, we separately measured the time lag of the $H{\beta}$ emission line by comparing the emission line light curve with the B band continuum light curve using the cross-correlation function techniques. We determined the time lags and black hole mass.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.63-80
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the physicochemical characteristics and formation age of sand dunes in the Okjukdong and Dajindong, Daecheong Island. As a result, most of the sand deposited in Okjukdong were composed of medium sized sand with moderately well sorted. The $SiO_2$ and $Al_2O_3$ accounted for a very high proportion of these deposits. There were some differences in characteristics between the sands in the dune and beach, whereas similar characteristics were observed among the materials (OJ-B, OJ-C and OJ-D) in the dune. In case of Dajindong, heterogeneous geochemical characteristics were found in the lower point. It was estimated that this was due to the influence of Daejin-dong black beach. Age dating results showed that uncovered dunes in Okjukdong were deposited $0.44{\pm}0.02$ ~ $0.50{\pm}0.02ka$, and sand depositsin Dajindong were formed $0.16{\pm}0.01$ ~ $0.18{\pm}0.01ka$. In both Okjukdong and Dajindong, sand deposits estimated to be formed 70 years ago, therefore it can be estimated that sand movement was active throughout the area from about hundred years ago. In this study area, the growth of sand dunes has been active in recent several decades or hundred years. It seems that there were different regions where deposits predominated over time. The source of dune sand was also different from time to time. Since the windbreak forest was established, the natural growth of sand dunes was limited, and sand nourishment was carried out by period. Therefore, in order to protect and continuously utilize coastalsand dunesin Daecheong Island, it is necessary to prepare conservation plan.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.3435-3441
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• 2014

Background: Axillary lymph node status at diagnosis remains the strongest predictor of long-term survival in breast cancer. Patients with more than ten axillary lymph nodes at diagnosis have a poor long-term survival. In this single institutional study, we set out to evaluate the prognosis of this high-risk group in the era of multimodality therapy. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, we looked at all breast cancer patients with greater than ten axillary lymph nodes diagnosed at Mount Sinai Medical Center (MSMC) from January 1st 1990 to December 31st 2007 (n=161). In the univariate analysis, descriptive frequencies, median survival, and 5- and 10-year survival rates were estimated for common prognostic factors. A multivariate prognostic analysis for time-to-event data, using the extended Cox regression model was carried out. Results: With a median and mean follow-up of 70 and 89.9 months, respectively, the overall median survival was estimated to be 99 months. The five-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 59.3% and the ten-year DFS was 37.9%, whereas the five- and ten-year overall survival (OS) was 66.6% and 43.9%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant improvement in DFS among black patients compared to whites (p=0.05), improved DFS and OS among young patients (ages 21-45) compared to elderly patients (age greater than 70) (p=0.00176, p=0.0034, respectively), and improved DFS and OS among patients whose tumors were ER positive (p=0.049, p=0.0034). Conclusions: In this single institution study of patients with greater than 10 positive axillary nodes, black patients had a significantly improved DFS compared with white patients. Young age and ER tumor positivity was associated with improved outcomes. Using multivariate analysis, there were no other variables associated with statistically significant improvements in DFS or OS including date of diagnosis. Further work is needed to improve breast cancer survival in this subgroup of patients.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.68-73
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• 1984

Simple random sampling과 P.P.S. sampling의 효율을 비교하기 위하여 오스트리아 Salzburg 부근의 침엽수 장령림 임분에서 임목조사를 실시하였다. 축적 1:10,000의 흑백 적외선 사진을 판독하여, 조사 임지를 제지, 유령림, 너도 밤나무 장령림, 침엽수 장령림으로 구분하고, 침엽수 장령림 내에서 random sampling에 의한 99개의 표본점과 P.P.S. sampling에 의한 75개의 표본점을 흉고 단면적 제수 4인 Relascope에 의하여 야외 조사한 자료를 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) random sampling에 의한 임분 재적의 추정치는 $422.0m^3/ha$이었고, P.P.S. sampling에 의해서는 $433.5m^3/ha$이었으나 이들간의 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 2) 5 %의 허용 오차내에서는 P.P.S. sampling에 의하여는 170점, random sampling에 의하여는 237점이 필요하였다. 3) P.P.S. sampling은 random sampling에 비하여 야외 조사 시간을 17% 감소시킬 수 있었다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.213-219
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• 1995

색광에 대한 감성돔, Acanthopagrus schlegelii [Bleeker]의 행동을 조사하기 위하여, 2가지씩의 서로 다른 색광을 조합하여 수조의 양단에서 동시에 광자극을 가했을 때의 반응을 주간과 야간으로 구분 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 수조내에서의 감성돔의 구간별 분포곡선은 중앙구간보다 양단구간에 많이 모여서 대체로 U자형이 되었으며, 주야간의 차이도 다소 있었다. 2. 양색광쪽에서의 평균 분포차는 7.18%(0.35~19.55%)였고, 주간(8.20%) 보다 야간(6.15%)에 더 적었다. 3. 감성돔이 잘 모이는 색광은 주간에는 청색, 황색, 적색, 백색의 순이며, 야간에는 청색, 적색, 황색, 백색의 순으로 나타났다. 4. 조명시간의 경과에 따른 집어율의 변화는 일정한 증감추세를 보이지 않고 계속 불안정하게 변동했다. 5. 두 가지 색광에 대한 집어율의 차는 비교적 뚜렷하지 않았으나, 주간보다 야간에 그 차가 심했다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.205-212
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• 1999

야콘재배에 있어서 무멀칭구와 PE 멀칭구 그리고 PE 멀칭의 종류별로 야콘의 생육 및 수량을 검토하고, 전생육기간 동안 비닐멀칭 여부를 조사함으로써 다수확을 위한 야콘재배의 지표를 설정하고자 실시 하였다. 1. 수확시기에 멀칭구의 초장이 $134{\sim}139$ cm로써 비멀청구의 112 cm에 비하여 10 cm이상 컸으며, 다른 형질들 역시 초장의 경향과 유사하였다. 2. 주당 수량 역시 멀칭구가 $0.79{\sim}$0.91 kg으로써 비밀칭구의 0.61kg에 비해 많아 멀칭에 의하여 증수되었다. 3. 멀칭재료는 배색비닐에서 초장이 139 cm로써 가장 양호하였고, 투명비닐, 녹색비닐 그리고 흑색비닐 순으로 짧아졌으나, 주당 수량은 배색비닐에서 0.91 kg으로써 가장 양호하였고 흑색비닐, 녹색비닐 그리고 투명비닐 순으로 적어졌다 4. 수확시기까지 멀칭비닐을 제거하지 않는 것이 재배중간에 멀칭비닐을 제거하는 것보다 생육 및 수량이 양호하였다. 5. 야콘재배에 있어서 멀칭은 지온상승과 토양수분을 보존함으로써 증수에 기여하는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.553-560
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• 2004

백미, 현미, 흑미를 각각 일반포장재와 숯포장재에 일정기간 저장하면서 저장기간 중 물리화학적 특성의 변화에 미치는 영향을 비교, 조사하여 곡류저장에 대한 숯포장재의 활용성을 알아보고자 하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 저장 중 무게의 변화는 전반적으로 쌀의 종류 및 포장재간의 차이에 상관없이 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 일반포장재와 숯포장재에 따라 $100.0\%$에서 백미군은 각각 $97.0,\;97.0\%$, 현미군은 각각 $97.5,\;97.6\%$, 흑미군은 각각 $97.6,\;97.8\%$로 나타났고 포장재간의 차이는 미미하였다. 저장 쌀의 발아율을 측정한 결과 백미군의 경우 모두 $0.0\%$의 발아율을 나타내었고, 저장 4주 후 일반포장재와 숯포장재에 따라 현미군에서 각각 $71.0,\;70.0\%$, 흑미군에서는 각각 $70.0,\;70.5\%$의 발아율을 보였으며, 저장 10주 후에는 현미군에서 각각 $10.3,\;10.9\%$, 흑미군에서는 각각 $11.8,\;12.1\%$이었고 저장 16주 후에는 모든 군에서 $0.0\%$이었고 포장재간의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 2. 수화양상 실험결과 실험 초기에 백미는 4시간, 현미는 8시간, 흑미는 12시간 이후에 평형수분함량에 도달하여 백미는 $26.4\%$, 현미는 $25.9\%$, 흑미는 $37.8\%$의 수분증가량을 보였다. 실험군 모두 저장기간이 길수록 수화정도는 증가하였으며 포장재간의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 3. 저장기간에 따른 경도는 실험 초기 백미 5.430, 현미 7.448, 흑미 7.822 kg이었으나 저장 16주 후에는 흑미 숯포장재군이 가장 적게 변하여 실험초기와 실험 후 경도의 차이는 1.790 kg, 백미 일반포장재군은 가장 많이 변하여 2.702 kg으로 각군마다 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다(p<0.001). 또한 포장재간에 따른 경도는 16주 경과 시료의 경우 일반포장재와 숯포장재군에 따라 백미에서는 각각 8.132, 8.114, 현미에서는 9.696, 9.347, 흑미는 10.026, 9.612 kg로 일반포장재군 시료보다 숯포장재군 시료의 경도가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. (p<0.05). 4. 지방산도는 모든군에서 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였고(p<0.001), 일반포장재군보다 숯포장재군의 지방산도가 유의적(백미, 현미군 p<0.001, 흑미군 p<0.01)으로 낮았으나 숯포장재군 시료의 경우에서도 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 지방산도가 증가하는 결과를 보였다. 원료 상태 시료의 총균수는 g당 $10^5$ 이상으로 높게 나타났으며 저장기간에 따라 큰 변화가 없다가 16주 후에는 현미 숯포장재군을 제외하고는 총균수가 감소되는 경향을 보였으며 일반포장재군와 숯포장재군의 시료에서 총균수가 비슷하게 조사되었다. 따라서 본 실험을 통해 숯포장재가 물리화학적 성질에 있어 일반 종이포장재보다 우수한 결과는 관찰되지 않았다. 그러나 숯포장재 제조 시 숯의 기능성을 저하시킬 수 있는 요인 및 제조 방법 등을 개선함으로써 숯의 기능성과 친환경적 특성을 최대한 살린 포장재의 연구 개발이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2017년도 춘계공동학술대회
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• pp.157-157
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• 2017

To minimize the damage by wild birds and acquire the benefits such as protection against weeds and maintenance of water content in soil, the mulching black color vinyl after seeding should be carried out. Non-contact and non-destructive methods that can continuously determine the locations are necessary. In this study, a crop position detection method was studied that uses infrared thermal image sensor to determine the cotyledon position under vinyl mulch. The moving system for acquiring image arrays has been developed for continuously detecting crop locations under plastic mulching on the field. A sliding mechanical device was developed to move the sensor, which were arranged in the form of a linear array, perpendicular to the array using a micro-controller integrated with a stepping motor. The experiments were conducted while moving 4.00 cm/s speed of the IR sensor by the rotational speed of the stepping motor based on a digital pulse width modulation signal from the micro-controller. The acquired images were calibrated with the spatial image correlation. The collected data were processed using moving averaging on interpolation to determine the frame where the variance was the smallest in resolution units of 1.02 cm. Non-linear integral interpolation was one of method for analyzing the frequency using the normalization image and then arbitrarily increasing the limited data value of $16{\times}4pixels$ in one frame. It was a method to relatively reduce the size of overlapping pixels by arbitrarily increasing the limited data value. The splitted frames into 0.1 units instead of 1 pixel can propose more than 10 times more accurate and original method than the existing correction method. The non-integral calibration method was conducted by applying the subdivision method to the pixels to find the optimal correction resolution based on the first reversed frequency. In order to find a correct resolution, the expected location of the first crop was indicated on near pixel 4 in the inversion frequency. For the most optimized resolution, the pixel was divided by 0.4 pixel instead of one pixel to find out where the lowest frequency exists.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.953-960
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• 2009

The natural dyeing of fabrics with myrobalan extract was investigated. After dyeing of silk, cotton and rayon with myrobalan extract, the dyeability of myrobalan extract was evaluated with the conditions of concentration, temperature, time, repeat-numbers, pH, mordants variables, the changes of dyeability and surface colors by methods of mordanting and color fastness. The wavelength of maximum absorption of the colored solution from myrobalan extract appeared at 272 nm. Therefore, the substance of myrobalan extract was verified as tannin dyes. The optimum dyeing of fabrics was carried out at 30%(o.w.f) dye concentration. Silk fabrics dyed with myrobalan extract showed the highest K/S value at the temperature of $80^{\circ}C$ when it was dyed for seventy minutes, while cotton and rayon fabrics showed the highest K/S value at the temperature of $90^{\circ}C$ when they were dyed for seventy minutes and thirty minutes, respectively. Dyeing operation was carried out in acidic dyebath of pH 3. The K/S value of silk fabric was higher in pre-mordant stage than in post-mordant, while the K/S values of cotton and rayon fabrics were higher in post-mordant stage. The surface colors of dyed fabrics were different according to used mordants: Al and Cu mordanted fabrics were dyed in yellowish colors, while Fe mordanted fabric was dyed in khaki-black color. Light-fastness of the color fastness was improved in Fe-mordant. Washing-fastness was relatively good, and dry cleaning-fastness of dyed fabrics was excellent.