• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1069-1074
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• 2014

In China and South East Asia, the duck (common duck) is important in egg production for human consumption. Plumage color is a breed characteristic and of economic importance, together with egg production. Our aim in this study was to investigate the inheritance of plumage color in three Chinese indigenous egg-type duck breeds, Shan Ma (S), Putian White (F) and Putian black (P), and some of their crossbreds. These three breeds have different plumage color and are used in crossbreeding. The crossbred laying ducks $F{\times}(P{\times}S)$ and $F{\times}(S{\times}P)$ showed highly improved laying ability but heterogeneous plumage color. Genotypes at four relevant loci were investigated by studying down color and pattern in ducklings after crossbreeding. $F_1$ ducklings from the matings $F{\times}S$ and $S{\times}F$, $P{\times}S$, and $S{\times}P$ were classified into four classes of plumage color (the Shan Ma plumage color, black, white, or multicolored) over three generations. Parents were selected for the Shan Ma plumage color of their progeny. In the fourth generation, P male and P female ducks were selected according to the frequency of the desired class of plumage color (Shan Ma) of their $F_1$ progeny to obtain the so-called "Brown Putian Ma duck". The Shan Ma duck genotype was identified as having the restricted mallard color pattern ($M^RM^R$), full expression of any of the patterns or colors (CC), no extended black (ee) and no brown dilution D (D). The Putian White genotype was recessive white (cc), no extended black (ee) and no brown dilution D (D). The Putian Black genotype exhibited full expression of extended black (E gene) and no brown dilution (CCEE D [D]). It was shown that $F{\times}S$ and $S{\times}F$ tests should be implemented to eliminate the recessive white c allele in the S line and the dominant extended black E allele in the F line. It was also shown that the Brown Putian Ma obtained from Putian Black, with no extended black genotype (ee), could be used to get rid of the black plumage (E gene) in the crossbred ducks. This could provide a solution for producing 3-way crossbred ducks Putian $White{\times}$(Putian-$Ma{\times}Shan$ Ma) and Putian $White{\times}$(Shan $Ma{\times}Putian$-Ma), with the desired Shan Ma feather color.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.128-133
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• 2024

Painting, as an artistic creation with aesthetic characteristics, is inseparable from "shape". "Modeling" is a subjective way of expressing objects, and "black shape" is not only a way of expression, but also a way of composition. "Black shape" is a way of expressing the overall picture of the creator, and "black shape" extracted from the pattern analysis of black and white gray structure is a powerful means to deeply explore the emotions and thoughts of the painter. How to create the expression of subjective intention in the creation of artificial figure painting and to explore the beauty of picture form and the presentation of formal language in multiple dimensions is always sought by painters. Tang Dynasty political stability, economic and cultural development of unprecedented prosperity, "Toujian Diu" as a representative painting of Tang Dynasty, the figure is plump and realistic, colorful but elegant. It not only represents the aesthetic taste of the Tang Dynasty, but also reflects the overall style of the Tang Dynasty's artificial figure painting. The aim of this paper is to explore the value of "black shape" in "Toughen Diagram" and analyze its multi-component form in depth.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.868-872
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• 2005

Individual management of the animal is the first step towards reaching the goal of precision livestock farming that aids animal welfare. Accurate recognition of each individual animal is important for precise management. Electronic identification of cattle, usually referred to as RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), has many advantages for farm management. In practice, however, RFID implementations can cause several problems. Reading speed and distance must be optimized for specific applications. Image processing is more effective than RFID for the development of precision farming system in livestock. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to attempt the identification of cattle by using image processing. The majority of the research on the identification of cattle by using image processing has been for the black-and-white patterns of the Holstein. But, native Japanese and Korean cattle do not have a consistent pattern on the body, so that identification by pattern is impossible. This research aims to identify to Japanese black cattle, which does not have a black-white pattern on the body, by using image processing and a neural network algorithm. 12 Japanese black cattle were tested. Values of input parameter were calculated by using the face image values of 12 cows. The face was identified by the associate neural memory algorithm, and the algorithm was verified by the transformed face image, for example, of brightness, distortion, noise and angle. As a result, there was difference due to a transformation ratio of the brightness, distortion, noise, and angle. The algorithm could identify 100% in the range from -30 to +30 degrees of brightness, -20 to +40 degrees of distortion, 0 to 60% of noise and -20 to +30 degree of angle transformed images.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2003년도 하계 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.484-489
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• 2003

In September 2001, BSE was found for the first time in Japan. From then, consumers have been more and more interested in the safety of food products. Therefore, breeders and participants have to make a tracing system of productive information of cows and guarantee the quality of products through that system in an emergency Then the government has decided to put ear tags with peculiar numbers on all the cows and control the information of individual production and transference. But the ear tag can be damaged and missing. There is also a research of identification by implanting a microchip into the cow's body. But there are problems that the research can give a distress on cows and the detectable distance is too short. (omitted)

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.601-606
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to reveal relations between fashions and economic by analyzing the fashion style expressed in women magazine advertisements. The method of this study was used content analysis with 1933 samples in women magazine ('Women Sense', 'Yeosung Dong-A', and 'Jubu Saeng-hwal') which were issued in March, June, September, and December from 1994 to 2002. The data analyses were divided six elements: silhouette, color, pattern, length of skirt & slacks, adjustment, and breadth of collar lapel. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The silhouette of the period before and after economic crisis was expressed in square silhouette. 2. The color of the period before economic crisis was expressed in white and black. The period after economic crisis was expressed in white, warm colors, secondary colors with black. 3. The pattern was expressed in plain pattern. 4. The length of skirt & slacks was expressed in various lengths. 5. The Adjustment was expressed in single button. 6. The breadth of collar lapel of the period before economic crisis was expressed in large breadth. The period after economic crisis was expressed in small breadth.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.399-407
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the visual images of shirts according to coloration and the interval of checked patterns. The experimental stimulus and questionnaires for scaling response were developed for this study. The stimuli were 12 color pictures, in which the gender, coloration(WG: white+gray, WK: white+black, GK: gray+black), and interval(0.5 cm, 1.5 cm, 3.5 cm, 5.5 cm) were manipulated. The 7-point rating scale was used for evaluation of the visual image. Data were obtained from 144 male college students and 144 female college students living in Gyeonggi, Gyeongnam, Seoul, Gwangju, Daegu, and Busan on December 2009. For data analysis, ANOVA and the Duncan-test were used by using the SPSS program. The results of this study were as follows; the visual images for shirts according to the coloration and interval of checked patterns consisted of four dimensions of attractiveness, appeal, youth, and modesty. Gender was the main factor when looking at attractiveness. Coloration had the main effect on appeal, youth, and modesty. Also, there was a significant interaction effect of gender and coloration on attractiveness, while there was a significant interaction effect of coloration and interval on modesty.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 1996

Chromatin texture, which partly reflects nuclear organization, is evolving as an important parameter indicating cell activation or transformation. In this study, chromatin pattern was evaluated by image analysis of the electron micrographs of follicular and papillary carcinoma cells of the thyroid gland and tested for discrimination of the two neoplasms. Digital grey images were converted from the electron micrographs, nuclear images, excluding nucleolus and intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions, were obtained by segmentation; grey levels were standardized; and grey level histograms were generated. The histograms in follicular carcinoma showed Gaussian or near-Gaussian distribution and had a single peak, whereas those in papillary carcinoma had two peaks(bimodal), one at the black zone and the other at the white zone. In papillary carcinoma, the peak in the black zone represented an increased amount of heterochromatin particles and that at the white zone represented decreased electron density of euchromatin or nuclear matrix. These results indicate that the nuclei of follicular and papillary carcinoma cells differ in their chromatin pattern and the difference may be due to decondensed chromatin and/or matrix substances.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2011

The aims of this study were to evaluate the adequate thickness of opaque resins for situations such as an oral black cavity and discolored tooth structure, as well as the translucency of each opaque material at various thicknesses. Six opaque-shade composite resins (Z-350 OA3, Amelogen Universal A2O, Esthet-X A2O, Esthet-X A4O, Charmfil UO and Aelite Universal OA3) were prepared in metal molds with a hole of 8 mm in diameter and various thicknesses (0.5mm, 1.0mm, 1.5mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm, 3.0 mm and 4.0mm). Four backgrounds (white tile, black tile, C4 shade porcelain and opaque resin itself) were used to determine the translucency parameter (between black and white backgrounds). and to mimic a black oral cavity (between black and opaque resin backgrounds) and a discolored tooth structure (between C4 and opaque resin backgrounds). Color measurements were made by a colorimeter to determine the CIELAB values of each specimen with each background and to calculate the translucency parameter and ${\Delta}E^*$ value difference among the specimens on the backgrounds. The translucency parameter and ${\Delta}E^*$ obtained between black and opaque resin backgrounds decreased in similar pattern as thickness increased. A C4 background was masked by resin thicknesses of 0.5-1.0mm, while a black background required thicknesses of 1.0-2.0mm. Adequate knowledge about differences in the optical character like translucency of the materials used is essential, together with the accumulated experience of the individual clinician.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.172-173
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• 2005

Until now, occurrence of Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) is observed in Gyeongsang provinces, southeastern part of Korea. However, recently, the occurrence of RBSDV is increasing and spreading in Jeonra provinces including Gochang-gun, southwestern part of Korea. RBSDV infected plants showed typical symptoms including stunted, deformed leaves with white waxy or black-streaked swelling along the veins. We extracted viral genomic dsRNA from infected leaves and analyzed dsRNA pattern by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Ten genomic segments with similar sized dsRNAs were observed. We also detected RBSDV by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using specific primers for S10 from genomic dsRNA and observed amplified DNA fragment specific for RBSDV S10.

• 박물관보존과학
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• 제13권
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• pp.13-22
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• 2012

국립중앙박물관 소장 적의본과 폐슬본은 20세기 초에 제작된 것으로 모두 지본채색되어 있다. 두 본에 사용된 채색 안료 및 염료에 대한 비파괴분석을 통해 채색 재료를 확인하고자 하였다. 채색 안료의 성분분석에는 XRF를 이용하였다. 적의본의 안료 분석결과 백색은 연분, 흑색은 먹, 황색은 석황, 적색은 진사와 연단, 녹색은 구리와 비소화합물 또는 석청과 석황을 혼합하여 사용한 것으로 추정되며 기타색상으로 황동을 사용하였다. 폐슬본에 사용된 백색, 흑색, 황색, 녹색은 적의본에 사용된 안료와 동일하나 적색은 채색 안료에 차이를 보였다. 한편 적의본과 폐슬본에 사용된 청색은 안료의 종류를 확인이 어려우나 연분과 혼합하여 사용한 것으로 추정된다. 또한 적의본의 청색 한지에 대한 UV-Vis 분광분석 결과 인디고(쪽)으로 염색한 것으로 추정되었다.