• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.2_spc
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• pp.356-363
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• 2022

This paper is a review of some experiments using black soldier fly (BSF) and its by-product to explore their nutritional value, production potential in Indonesia and its application in the ration of ruminants. Evaluation on the effect of milk replacer, creep feed containing BSF, BSF frass and the possibility to use lactic acid bacteria from BSF as probiotics are presented. Utilization of BSF larvae in milk replacer as skim and cream milk substitute showed that there were similarity on physiological, hematological status and performance of goat kids compared to those offered goat milk or commercial milk replacer. In addition, BSF larvae can be used to substitute soybean meal in the creep feed for post weaning goat kids without any differences in weight gain and blood profiles. However, utilization of BSF frass in the fattening goat ration resulted lower digestibility of dry matter and organic matter due to the chitin content in the frass. Black soldier fly larvae grown on chicken manure harbour lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which have potential as probiotics for ruminants. In general, BSF larvae has potential as ingredient for milk replacer, creep feed, fattening ration, and source of LAB for probiotics.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.900-908
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• 2020

This study was conducted to partially replace fish meal with black soldier fly (BSF) larvae or mealworm (MW) larvae in the diet for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. A tuna by-product meal (27%) was used as the protein source in a control (Con) diet, which was replaced with 20%, 40%, or 60% BSF (designated as BSF20, BSF40, and BSF60, respectively), or MW (MW20, MW40, and MW60, respectively). The shrimp (average body weight, 0.09 g) were randomly stocked in 28 acrylic tanks and quadruplicate groups were fed one of the experimental diets six times daily. After 57 days of the feeding trial, growth and feed efficiency were significantly higher in shrimp that were fed the BSF40 and BSF60 diets than those in shrimp fed the Con diet. Phenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and gene expression of crustin were significantly higher in shrimp fed BSF or MW diets than those in shrimp fed the Con diet. The results indicate that BSF or MW could be used as a fish meal replacement or as a functional protein source in diets and can help improve the growth, feed utilization, innate immunity and antioxidant capacity of Pacific white shrimp.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.185-187
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• 2010

Most studies of the black soldier fly, Hermitia illucens, widely distributed throughout Southeast Asia and America focused on the use of larvae for recycling various organic materials and feed for fish and livestock. To recognize the instars of the soldier fly's larvae, we examined the number of exuviae originated from each larva from 1st instar to pupa. The weight and the head capsule width of the black soldier fly larvae also confirmed that the black soldier fly was passed through 6th instars. In addition, we found that the black soldier fly larvae had a well developed mandibular-maxillary complex, similar to those reported from the larvae of scavengers including Odontomyia cincta, Neopachygaster maculicornis, Ptecticus brunettii and Stratiomys ruficornis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.386-393
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• 2020

Insect industry has been focused as production of food, animal feed, pollinator and for environmental remediation. Hermetia illicens, called as black soldier fly (BSF) is famous as nutritive feed. In this study, to evaluate the antithrombotic activities of BSF, the larvae (instar 2~6), pupae, residue after adult emergence [RAAE] and adult of Hermetia illicens [black soldier fly, BSF] were collected and their ethanol extracts were prepared. Growth of BSF larvae was very rapid and the weight of larvae was increased to 25-folds during 10 days cultivation. The ethanol extraction ratios showed from 1.0% (pupae) to 18.5%(adults). The highest total polyphenol, total flavonoid, and total sugar contents were observed in RAEE (17.2 mg/g), pupae (3.4 mg/g), and instar 6 (37.6 mg/g), suggesting that metabolic changes occur during the life cycle of the BSF. Anti-coagulation assay showed that extracts of RAEE, instar 6 and pupa of BSF significantly inhibited thrombin, prothrombin, and blood coagulation factors. Furthermore, the extracts of RAEE, instar 3 and adult of BSF showed a strong platelet aggregation inhibitory activity. Our results suggest that pupae and RAEE of BSF have potential as antithrombotic agents. This is the first study to provide evidence of the antithrombotic activity of the BSF and bioactivity alterations during its life cycle.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.624-633
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• 2021

This study was conducted to determine the supplemental effects of two insect meals, mealworm (MW) and black soldier fly (BSF), with high or low lipid levels in diets, on Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Sardine and tuna by-product meals were used as the fish meal source in a control (Con) diet. The fish meals were replaced with MW, defatted MW (deMW), BSF or defatted BSF (deBSF), respectively. The shrimp (body weight: 0.47 g) were stocked into 20 acryl tanks (215 L) and fed the diets six times a day. After 45 days of the feeding trial, the shrimp that were fed insect meals had significantly higher phenoloxidase and superoxide dismutase activities than the shrimp fed Con diet. The gene expressions of prophenoloxidase, crustin and penaeidine-3c in shrimp hepatopancrease were also higher in shrimp that were fed the insect diets, regardless of defatting than those in shirmp that were fed Con diet. The survival against Vibrio parahaemolyticus was higher in shrimp that were fed the diets containing defatted insect meals than in shrimp that were fed Con diet. These results indicate that MW and BSF, regardless of lipid levels, could be good protein sources for the enhancement of innate immunity and anti-oxidant capacity of the shrimp.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.300-308
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• 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the utilization of low fish meal (LFM) diet and black soldier fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens meal supplementation in LFM diet as a fish meal (FM) replacer or functional additive for juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Three LFM diets were prepared to contain 30, 25, and 20% FM, respectively (designated as F30, F25, and F20). Three BSF diets were prepared by adding 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0% BSF in the LFM diets, respectively (designated as F30B2.0, F25B2.5, and F20B3.0). A total of 540 fish (initial mean body weight: 22.3±0.01g) were randomly distributed into 18 tanks (240 L) in triplicate groups and fed the experimental diets twice daily for 12 weeks. Results showed that there were no significant differences in the growth performance, feed utilization and survival among all the groups. Lysozyme activity significantly increased in F30B2.0 and F25B2.5 groups compared to their respective LFM groups. Total immunoglobulin was significantly higher in F30 group than in F20 group. Anti-protease and myeloperoxidase activities were significantly higher in F30B2.0 group than in F20 group. Innate immunity gradually decreased with decreasing FM level in all the groups. BSF supplementation significantly improved immunity compared to their respective LFM diets. Therefore, BSF could be used as an immuno-stimulant supplement in LFM diets for P. olivaceus.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1399-1409
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• 2019

Biodiesel is a renewable and environmentally friendly liquid biofuel for transportation. Insect is considered as a new valuable biomass to convert into biodiesel. In particular, BSF(Black Soldier Fly) containing high fat is a renewable source of biodiesel. Biodiesel drived BSF has high concentration of saturated fatty acid methyl ester and low concentration of polyunsaturted fatty acid methyl ester which makes it potentially an ideal substrate for producing excellent quality biodiesel. Most of the fuel properties of BSF biodiesel were met the requirements of standard EN 14214. BSF have a higher lipid yield and biodiesel productivity as compared to microalgae and vegetable oils. This review paper includes the overall summary and compilation of the insect research conducted on biodiesel production and includes the BSF biodiesel properties.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.861-869
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• 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the effectivity of full-fat black soldier fly Hermetia illucens (BSF) and defatted mealworm Tenebrio molitor (MW) larvae meal as a fish meal (FM) substitute in a low-fish meal (LFM) diet for juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. The LFM diet comprising 45% FM with tankage meal, poultry byproduct meal, soy protein concentrate and wheat gluten was the control diet. Three experimental diets were 10% FM in Con with BSF, MW and a mixture of both at the same ratio (designated as B10, M10 and B5M5, respectively). Four hundred and forty-fourth juvenile P. olivaceus (34.3±0.1 g) were randomly distributed into 12 tanks (425 L) in three replicate groups per treatment and fed the experimental diets for 15 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, growth performance, survival, biological indices (condition factor, viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index), non-specific immune responses (lysozyme, myeloperoxidase) and intestinal histology (villi length and goblet cells) were not significantly affected by treatments. Feed utilization was significantly decreased in M10 compared to the control group. Alanine aminotransferase level was significantly higher in M10 than in the control group. Glucose level was significantly lower in B10 than in the control group. These results suggest that BSF and MW can be used as FM substitutes. However, considering feed conversion ratio and AST level, MW availability is thought to be lower than that of BSF, and feeding fish with a diet containing MW for an extended period is thought to adversely affect fish growth.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.634-643
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• 2024

Silver pompano (Trachinotus blochii) is one of the major commodities of the aquaculture industry in Lampung. Silver pompano hatchery activities that still require natural feed, namely Brachionus sp. Brachionus plicatilis is a filter feeder that does not filter selectively all available feed, so an enrichment process is required so that natural feed reproduces with high nutritional content and is high in fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and decosahexaenoic acid [DHA]). This study aims to determine the best survival and growth of silver pompano larvae by feeding B. plicatilis enriched with EPA and DHA fatty acids derived from maggots black soldier fly (BSF). Five-day-old silver pompano larvae with a density of 20 larvae/tank in a 20 × 20 × 20 cm aquarium container. B. plicatilis was fed at a density of 13 ind/mL. Nannochloropsis salina was also given as additional feed at 300-400 cells/mL density. We gave B. plicatilis three times a day (05:00 am, 02:00 pm, and 9.00 pm) for 30 days of cultivation. The experimental treatments were A (no enrichment), B (100 ppm), C (300 ppm), D (500 ppm), and E (700 ppm). The conclusion of this study is the provision of EPA and DHA oil from maggot BSF with different doses of rotifer enrichment has a significant effect on the growth of silver pompano larvae. The results showed that the optimal dose of EPA and DHA oil was 300 ppm or 0.3 mL/L in treatment C with an average absolute length growth of 2.11 cm, and the survival rate reached 75%.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.95-98
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• 2013

The experiment was conducted to determine the value of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae and pupae as feed supplements for fresh-water fish (Carassius auratus). Black soldier fly larvae grown on food waste were fed to fresh-water fish, live larvae alone, dried larvae, dried pupae and combination with commercial fish diet. A 16-week feed trial was conducted to determine whether black soldier fly larvae could be used as a feed supplement in fresh-water fish. The growth performance indicated that fish fed the live larvae ranked consistently higher, and in combination with commercial fish diet and dried larvae and pupae were next higher. The finding of this study suggest that black soldier fly larvae and pupae may be valuable feedstuff in commercial fish production.