• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.300-306
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• 1993

2-Methylbutanoic, 3-methylbutanoic, 4-methylpentanoic, 2-ethylhexanoic, 4-methylhexanoic, 4-methyloctanoic, 6-methyloctanoic, 4-ethylhexanoic. 4-methylhexanoic 및 2-ethylhexanoic acids를 포함하는 다수의 volatile branched-chain fatty acids(VBCFAs)가 쇠고기, 돼지고기, 염소고기(미국산 흰염소고기, 한국산 흑염소고기), 양고기로부터 분리, 동정되었다. 쇠고기 향은 amino acid, carbohydrate, 그리고 lipid의 반응에 의해 생성된 향기성분에 의해 이루어지는 기본 meaty flavor로 결정되어 지는 반면, 염소고기가 양고기의 경우는 쇠고기의 기본향에 4-ethyloctanoic acid와 4-methyloctanoic acid의 독특한 노린내가 더해지므로 염소고기나 양고기 특유의 향을 내었다. 돼지고기는 3-methylbutanoic acid 함량이 다른 세종류에 비해 높고 3-methylbutanoic acid 특유의 꼬린냄새는 돼지고기의 기름층으로부터 나는 unclean flavor 에 중요한 영향을 미치는 것으로 생각된다. 염소고기는 C5-C7 chain length의 volatile branched 및 n-chain fatty acids를 적게 함유하고 있는 반면 4-ethyloctanoc acid는 염소고기의 노린내를 내는 결정적인 화합물이었다. 4-Methyloctanoic acid는 양고기의 sweaty-muttony flavor를 내는 중요한 화합물이었으며 염소고기와는 달리 C5, C6, 그리고 C7 branched-chain fatty acids 도 상당량 함유되어 있었다. 한국산 흑염소고기와 미국산 흰염소고기 중에 들어있는 VBCFAs의 종류는 같으나, 한국산 흑염소고기가 미국산 흰염소고기 보다 노린내가 강하며 4-ethyloctanoic 의 함량도 높았다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.213-217
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• 2009

In this study, the effects of processed small black soybeans on the intestinal morphological characteristics of rats were examined. Adult male rats were fed diets containing raw, cooked, or acidified small black soybean powders for 4 weeks. The total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) level was significantly higher in the acidified small black soybean supplemented group than in the raw and cooked soybean diet groups. The major SCFAs found in the experimental groups were acetate, followed by propionate and butyrate. The duodenal villus height and colonic mucosal thickness were also significantly higher in the acidified small black soybean supplemented group than in the raw and cooked soybean diet groups. The acidified small black soybean supplemented group showed the densest colonic mucosa by staining with alcian blue (AB), as compared to the raw and cooked soybean diet groups. The acidified small black soybean supplemented group exhibited strongly stained $CD4^+$ in the mucosal lamina propria, while cooked and acidified diet groups were more strongly stained $CD8^+$ in the submucosal lamina propria than the raw diet group. These results suggest that acidified small black soybeans may help improve intestinal function.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.192-198
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• 2000

Cure characteristics and physical properties of carbon black-filled natural rubber (NR) compounds depending on the mixing procedure were studied using the compounds with different pre-final mixing (FM-1) stages. Carbon master batch (MB) and first and second remitting (1RM and 2RM) stages were employed as the FM-1 stage. Bound rubber content of the FM compound decreased with increasing the mixing steps. This was due to the decrease of the molecular weight distribution of the polymer by the rubber chain scission during the mixing. The Mooney viscosity decreased with increasing the mixing steps. Cure characteristics of the compounds were found to be different with the mixing procedures. The cure times of the compound became slower by increasing the number of the mixing steps. This was explained by the length of rubber chain, the carbon black network, distribution of the curatives in the compound, and immobilization of the polymeric segments. Modulus and tensile strength of the vulcanizate did not show a specific trend with the mixing procedure. Fatigue life of the vulcanizate increased by increasing the mixing stages.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2023

Black shoot blight disease caused by Erwinia pyrifoliae has serious impacts on quality and yield in pear production in Korea; therefore, rapid and accurate methods for its detection are needed. However, traditional detection methods require a great deal of time and fail to achieve absolute quantification. In the present study, we developed a droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) method for the detection and absolute quantification of E. pyrifoliae using a pair of species-specific primers. The detection range was 10³-10⁷ copies/ml (DNA templates) and cfu/ml (cell culture templates). This new method exhibited good linearity and repeatability and was validated by absolute quantification of E. pyrifoliae DNA copies from samples of artificially inoculated immature pear fruits. Here, we present the first study of ddPCR assay for the detection and quantification of E. pyrifoliae. This method has potential applications in epidemiology and for the early prediction of black shoot blight outbreaks.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.241-246
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• 2000

진도산 검정쌀 전분의 분자 구조적 특성을 구명하고 신선찰벼와 비교 검토하였다. 진도산 검정쌀과 신선찰벼의 전분-요오드 복합체의 최대흡수파장은 각각 523 nm, 521 nm였고, 고유점도는 각각 183 ml/g, 178 ml/g였으며, ${\beta}-amylolysis$ limit(%)는 각각 62.8%, 60.3%였다. 진도산 검정쌀은 요오드 반응과 Sepharose CL-2B의 용출패턴 결과로 찹쌀임을 알 수 있었다. 진도산 검정쌀의 아밀로펙틴의 사슬 분포는 중합도 55이상(획분 I), 중합도 $40{\sim}50$(획분 II), 중합도 $15{\sim}20$(획분 III)으로 분포하였으며, 획분 II에 대한 획분 III의 비율(A/B 사슬비)는 진도산 검정쌀이 3.02, 신선찰벼가 2.82로 나타났다. 또한, 초장쇄 부분이 획분 I은 진도산 검정쌀이 신선찰벼의 아밀로펙틴 보다 많았다. 진도산 검정쌀의 아밀로펙틴 베타-한계 덱스트린 분자량 분포는 신선찰벼와 비슷하였다. 베타-한계 덱스트린의 사슬 분포는 중합도 55이상(획분 I), 중합도 $30{\sim}45$(획분 II), 중합도 $10{\sim}20$(획분 III)으로 분포하였으며, 진도산 검정쌀과 신선찰벼는 큰 차이가 없었다. 이러한 결과로부터 진도산 검정쌀 전분은 polymodal 구조를 갖는 아밀로펙틴으로 구성되어 있으며 신선찰벼와 구조적으로 유사하였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2016

As the meat of black goats has become popular as a healthy food, domestic goat meat-related industries are steadily growing. However, previous studies are scarce of informations about the zoonotic disease originated from the black goat in Korea. In this study, we investigated Korean black goat's infectious diseases representing bovine tuberculosis, brucellosis, and Q fever. One hundred and eighty samples were collected from a local slaughter house located in Jeollanam-do. Three typical zoonotic diseases were separately examined by carrying out enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Histopathological test was additionally performed in tuberculosis. In case of tuberculosis, results of the PCR and histopathological test were negative but the ELISA results were positive in eight samples. In case of brucellosis, one out of the total samples was shown to be positive in the ELISA and none in the PCR. In case of Q fever, there were forty one positive in the ELISA and twenty positive in the real-time PCR. Those results indicate that the Korean black goat could be a natural reservoir in the possible chain-infections among human, cows and goats. Thus, further study needs in order to improve productivity as well as to prevent the zoonosis spreading and circulation of other livestock with the black goat in this country.

• 천문학회보
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.51.3-52
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• 2020

We present the status of the development of a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) parameter estimation (PE) pipeline for compact binary coalescences (CBCs) with the Japanese KAGRA gravitational-wave (GW) detector. The pipeline is included in the KAGRA Algorithm Library (KAGALI). Basic functionalities are benchmarked from the LIGO Algorithm Library (LALSuite) but the KAGRA MCMC PE pipeline will provide a simpler, memory-efficient pipeline to estimate physical parameters from gravitational waves emitted from compact binaries consisting of black holes or neutron stars. Applying inspiral-merge-ringdown and inspiral waveforms, we performed simulations of various black hole binaries, we performed the code sanity check and performance test. In this talk, we present the situation of GW observation with the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition to preliminary PE results with the KAGALI MCMC PE pipeline, we discuss how we can optimize a CBC PE pipeline toward the next observation run.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.916-921
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• 2018

최근 4차산업 혁명으로 인하여 무인 이동체, 자율주행자동차, 커넥티드 카 등에 관심이 증가하고 있고, 자율주행능력도 올라가고 있다. 자율주행능력에 따라 최대 6단계로 나누어지며 높은 단계일수록 주행에 있어 사람의 관여가 줄어들고, 최고 단계에서는 사람이 관여하지 않아도 된다. 오늘날의 자율주행자동차는 4~5단계까지 개발되었지만 사고 발생 시 해결방안에 대해서는 명확하게 정의되지 않아 테스트 런만 가능한 상태이다. 이처럼 이동수단 주행 중 발생되는 사고는 거의 불가피하며 사고 발생 시 누가 더 잘못했는지 판단하여 사고에 대한 처벌을 가중한다. 이러한 부분을 명백히 하기 위하여 블랙박스를 사용하지만, 촬영된 영상을 삭제하기 쉬워 뺑소니와 같은 사고를 해결하는데 어려움이 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 사고를 해결하고자 블록체인을 활용한 주행기록 시스템을 설계하고자 한다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2021년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.567-569
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• 2021

The power battery supply chain in China currently lacks stable cooperation and effective information exchange. The competitive pressure brings about irregular recycling channels, reducing the operation and efficiency of the power battery supply chain. Besides, some regular power battery recycling enterprises fabricate data to obtain subsidies by taking advantage of the loopholes in the relevant policies of the state on recycling subsidies. Due to the high price of recycling in the black market, some regular enterprises resell the batteries recycled through regular channels, later purchasing the batteries with no utilization value to obtain the national recycling subsidies by cheating at the same time. Fig. 3 shows the present network structure of the tradi tional Chinese power battery closed-loop supply chain

• 공업화학
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1998

올리고머형 음이온성 계면활성제로서 소수성인 측쇄알킬기의 탄소수와 중합도가 다른 말레인산디에틸에스테르계(CmD-Na계) 또는 무수말레인산계(CmM-Na계)와 탄소수가 $C_4{\sim}C_{16}$인 알킬비닐에테르 공중합물을 분산제로 사용하여 분산이 잘 안되는 ${\alpha}-$나 ${\beta}-$형 copper phthalocyanine과 카본블랙의 미립자에 대하여 수용액중에서의 분산성을 비교검토 하였다. 그 결과 CmD-Na계의 측쇄알킬기의 탄소수가 $C_4{\sim}C_{10}$인 경우에는 0.01~0.1% 농도범위에서 우수한 분산효과를 나타내었고, 특히 측쇄알킬기가 안료입자 표면으로의 배향흡착에 중요한 역할을 하며, 중합도가 낮은 것이 효과적으로 나타났다. 그러나 카본블랙인 경우에는 이와 무관한 결과를 나타내었다.