• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.149-152
• /
• 1966

鹽素置換 anisol과 chloral hydrate를 縮合하면 D.D.T 類의 合成에서와 같이 bis compound의 化合物이 生成될 것이고 D.D.T 系統의 化合物처럼 殺蟲能이 있으리라고 豫測되므로 4-chloro anisol 과 chloral hydrate를 縮合하여 生成物의 構造를 檢討하였던 바 2,2 bis(2-methoxy-5-chlorophenyl) 1.1.1-trichloroethane임을 確認하였으며 反應條件과 「국화꼬마수염진딧물」 및 「귤응애」에 대한 殺충能을 檢討한 結果 前報文$^{(67)}$에서 發表한 바 있는 化合物들의 殺蟲能에 比하여 5培나 强한 殺蟲能을 가졌다는 事實을 알았다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제23권10호
• /
• pp.1413-1431
• /
• 2002

For the development of immunodetection method of 4,4'-dichlorodipheny-2,2,2-trichloroethane (p,p'-DDT), a persistent and broad toxic organochlorine insecticide, various DDT derivatives were synthesized and characterized for the use of immunogens and the coating ligands for the antibody evaluation. The appropriate lengths of linkers were introduced to investigate more efficient DDT derivatives. Among these hapten derivatives, 2,2-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)acetic acid (DDA), 5,5-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-5-hydroxypentanoic acid (DDHP) and 5,5-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-5-chloropentanoic acid (DDCP) were conjugated with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) for the use of immunogen to produce antibodies. 6,6-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-6-hydroxyhexanoic acid (DDHH) and 3-[6,6-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-6-hydroxyhexanoylamino]propanoic acid (DDHHAP) in addition to above hapten derivatives were conjugated to ovualbumin (OVA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) for the use of coating ligands to measure the titration level of antibody and the displacement of free analytes. Three matching pairs of antibodies and coating ligands were selected for the simultaneous detection of p,p'-DDT and its related compounds of DDA and 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) by investingating the displacement of free analytes in an indirect ELISA. These were PAb #1 and coating ligand DDCP-OVA, PAb #1 and DDHHAP-OVA, and PAb #3 and DDHHAP-OVA. The most useful immunoreaction for DDT analytes were obtained using PAb #3 and coating ligand DDHHAP-OVA showing 3.4 ng/mL of lower limit of detection. These results indicated that titration level and free analytes displacement were greatly influenced by hapten derivatized and carrier proteins conjugated.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제51권3호
• /
• pp.247-259
• /
• 2024

Objective: Bis-[4-chlorophenyl]-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT), one of the most widely used synthetic pesticides, is an endocrine-disrupting chemical with the potential to interfere with the human reproductive system. The effects of DDT and one of its metabolites, p,p'-DDT, on human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) and health outcomes remain unknown. In this study, we investigated whether p,p'-DDT induces an imbalance in cell proliferation and apoptosis in human ESCs via oxidative stress. Methods: We assessed apoptosis in ESCs by quantifying the expression of markers associated with both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Additionally, we measured levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzyme activity, and estrogen receptors (ERs). We also examined changes in signaling involving nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells. Results: Following treatment with 1,000 pg/mL of p,p'-DDT, we observed an increase in Bax expression, a decrease in Bcl-2 expression, and increases in the expression of caspases 3, 6, and 8. We also noted a rise in the generation of ROS and a reduction in glutathione peroxidase expression after treatment with p,p'-DDT. Additionally, p,p'-DDT treatment led to changes in ER expression and increases in the protein levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), phospho-protein kinase B (phospho-AKT), and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (phospho-ERK). Conclusion: p,p'-DDT was found to induce apoptosis in human ESCs through oxidative stress and an ER-mediated pathway. The activation of the PI3K/AKT and ERK pathways could represent potential mechanisms by which p,p'-DDT prompts apoptosis in human ESCs and may be linked to endometrial pathologies.