• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.74-77
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• 2012

A new catalytic system has been developed in the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes using cyclic phosphonic acid anhydride(T3P). Short reaction time, simplicity of isolation, safe catalyst and high yields of product are the features.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1962-1964
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• 2005

Zirconium(IV) chloride is found to be an efficient catalyst for the electrophilic addition reaction of indole with aldehydes/ketones to afford the corresponding bis(indolyl methanes in good yields. The remarkable features of this new procedure are high conversions, shorter reaction times, cleaner reaction profiles and simple experimental and work-up procedures.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.117-120
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• 2013

The reactions of indole with carbonyl groups have been efficiently carried out in the presence of catalytic amounts of 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin under solvent-free conditions and corresponding bis(indolyl)-mathanes were obtained in good to excellent yields. Synthesis of di[bis(indolyl)methyl]benzene was also accomplished by this catalyst. Furthermore, chemoselective conversion of aromatic aldehydes to their corresponding bis(indolyl)methanes in the presence of aliphatic aldehydes or ketones was achieved by this method.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.825-828
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• 2009

Alum $(KAl(SO_4)_2{\cdot}12H_2O)$ is an inexpensive, efficient, non‐toxic and mild catalyst for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes by the reaction of 1H-indole with various aldehydes/ketones under the influence of ultrasound irradiation in solvent‐free condition. The remarkable advantages of this method are the simple experimental procedures, shorter reaction times, high yields of product and green aspects by avoiding toxic catalysts and solvents.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1715-1718
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• 2010