• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.2213-2218
• /
• 2012

Introduction: Worldwide, breast cancer is the commonest cause of cancer death in women. However, the survival rate varies across regions at averages of 73%and 57% in the developed and developing countries, respectively. Objective: This study aimed to determine the survival rate of breast cancer among the women of Malaysia and characteristics of the survivors. Method: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on secondary data obtained from the Breast Cancer Registry and medical records of breast cancer patients admitted to Hospital Kuala Lumpur from 2005 to 2009. Survival data were validated with National Birth and Death Registry. Statistical analysis applied logistic regression, the Cox proportional hazard model, the Kaplan-Meier method and log rank test. Results: A total of 868 women were diagnosed with breast cancer between January 2005 and December 2009, comprising 58%, 25% and 17% Malays, Chinese and Indians, respectively. The overall survival rate was 43.5% (CI 0.573-0.597), with Chinese, Indians and Malays having 5 year survival rates of 48.2% (CI 0.444-0.520), 47.2% (CI 0.432-0.512) and 39.7% (CI 0.373-0.421), respectively (p<0.05). The survival rate was lower as the stages increased, with the late stages were mostly seen among the Malays (46%), followed by Chinese (36%) and Indians (34%). Size of tumor>3.0cm; lymph node involvement, ERPR, and HER 2 status, delayed presentation and involvement of both breasts were among other factors that were associated with poor survival. Conclusions: The overall survival rate of Malaysian women with breast cancer was lower than the western figures with Malays having the lowest because they presented at late stage, after a long duration of symptoms, had larger tumor size, and had more lymph nodes affected. There is an urgent need to conduct studies on why there is delay in diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer women in Malaysia.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제15권8호
• /
• pp.1110-1114
• /
• 2002

The animal production sector in Jordan is characterized by shortages of locally produced feedstuffs derived from rangeland, forage plants or from human food crops as by products. This is exacerbated by insufficient rainfall, overgrazing, early grazing and high stocking rate. Thus, subject to these constraints, other technological improvements are highly desirable to meet the needs of crop growth and animal production. Alternative adapted technologies are also desirable in order to meet the increased demand for red meat in relation to population growth along with the changes in the price subsidy for feedstuff. The technologies are those, which have been introduced to the animal production sector, obtained in agricultural research stations besides on-farm demonstrations. They include technologies suited for increasing birth and twining rates, synchronizing the mating period, introducing the early weaning method, and animal feed and sheep production. Economic assessments conducted in this study demonstrate promising results of hormonal and nutritional practices in improving production efficiency of Awassi sheep in Jordan. Jordanian published data between 1991 and 1998 were used. The examined practices were: 1) use of PMSG in estrus synchronization in ewes, 2) introduction of early lamb weaning program, 3) supplementation with $AD_3E$ for ewes and 4) the use of agro-industrial feed block as a feed supplement for grazing lambs. Production data were then subjected to partial budgeting for economical evaluation. The use of PMSG outperformed the control groups in fertility and net returns per ewe by US$ 8.36/ewe. The early weaning of lambs increased the net returns by US$ 3.90/lamb. The injection with vitamin $AD_3E$ showed an average additional net return of US$ 5.66/ewe. Feeding agriculture by-product blocks improved weight gain in the feed block groups and resulted in additional net returns of US$ 3.5/lamb. The economic viability and reproductive performance indicators demonstrate that efforts should be undertaken to disseminate these new practices in the development program.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.311-318
• /
• 2020

Chronic hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection remains a major health threat, especially in high-prevalence areas. Most infants infected by mother-to-infant HBV transmission become chronic carriers. In Taiwan, many important preventive interventions have been implemented to block the perinatal transmission of HBV in the past 35 years. The first nationwide universal HBV vaccination program was launched in Taiwan in July 1984. The three-dose HBV vaccine completion rate reached 98.1% in 2018. The prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) decreased from 9.8% in pre-vaccinated period in 1984 to 0.5% in the vaccinated cohort in 2014. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in children aged 6-9 years significantly declined from 0.52 to 0.13 per 100,000 children born before and after 1984, respectively. Furthermore, we have performed a maternal HBV screening program during pregnancy since 1984, with the screening rate peaked at 93% in 2012. The HBsAg- and HBeAg-seropositive rate in pregnant women declined from 13.4% and 6.4% in 1984-1985 to 5.9% and 1.0% in 2016, respectively. To closely control perinatal HBV infection, we have administered hepatitis B immunoglobulin immediately after birth and checked the serum level of HBsAg and anti-HBs in high-risk babies born to HBsAg-seropositive mothers, irrespective of their HBeAg status, since July 2019. We have also adopted short-term antiviral treatments such as tenofovir 300 mg daily in the third trimester for highly viremic mothers and reduced the perinatal infection rates from 10.7 to 1.5%. Through all these efforts, we expect to meet the global goal of eliminating HBV infection by 2030.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제40권4호
• /
• pp.755-762
• /
• 2000

The aim of this investigation was to examine the effects of osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phophatase, estrogen, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), Ca, P and bone mineral density on osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy in rats. Female Sprague-Dawley 30 rats of three-forth's birth, weighing $215{\pm}10g$, were divided into two groups including the sham operation group(5 heads) and ovariectomy group(25 heads). They were fed normal diets for 2 weeks before the experimental operation and for 8 more weeks after operation. The level of osteocalcin, TALP, BALP, estrogen, bone mineral density and IGF-I were increased in experimental group, but a little increased in sham operation group at same period. The change of rates of osteocalcin, TALP, BALP, estrogen, bone mineral density and IGF-I were significantly higher in experimental group than sham operation group. $Ca^{2+}$ was not changed between two groups and P was significantly decreased in experimental group and Ca/P ratio was higher in experimental group than sham operation group. Body weights were increased in all two groups and growth rate per day was higher in experimental group than sham operation group. However, femur weight I body weight ratio was lower in experimental group than sham operation group.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.175-191
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the eating behavior and life habits of kindergarten children 5 to 7 years old in Chuncheon area. This study was conducted in December, 1996. Anthropometric indices(height, weight, skinfold thickness, mid-arm circumference) were measured and body mass index(BMI), Rohrer index, arm fat area were calculated to estimate children’s body fatness. Also the eating behavior and life habits were determined tv using questionnaire method. The results were as follows: Body fat rate of the children was almost normal according to Rohrer index and BMI. There was significant difference in birth weight between male and female. The problems of the eating behavior were frequent skipping breakfast and eating-out. The rate of the children who took snacks 2 times a day was 46.9％. Most children tended to take sweet snacks such as ice-cream, chocolates, cookies, and they tended to prefer meats and fishes to vegetables. The rate of breast feeding was 28.3％ and the rate of weaning foods prepared at home was 61.1%. Many children preferred indoor activities such as watching TV, toy furniture play, building block to outdoor activities such as roller-skating, cycling, jogging in their spare time. The rate of the children who took exercise regularly was 15％. Children tended to eat kimbap, fried chicken, ramyeon more frequently in various instant foods. The intake rates of fruit juice and barly tea were relatively high and children's favorite fruits were watermelon and mandarin orange. From this results, skipping breakfast, frequent eating-out and the monotony of food preference appears to cause imbalance in nutrient intakes of the children and to have bad influence on children’s health. Accodgingiy, the comprehensive nutrition education and proper modification program should be needed for the children and their parents to correct the eating behavior and life habits. The reasonable exercise programs are needed to motivate outdoor activities of the children, and the importance of breast feeding and weaning foods should be emphasized to lactating women and pregnant women.

• 한국양식학회지
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.437-447
• /
• 1998

조피볼락 종묘생산시 발생하는 대량폐사를 막기 위하여 자어의 다양한 먹이생물을 공급하여 성장을 비교하였고 여러 가지 방법으로 먹이생물을 영양강화시켜 공급하여 그에 따른 조피볼락 자어의 생존율과 성장률을 비교하였다. 성게 유생은 쉽게 구할 수 있으나 조피볼락 자어의 생존율을 저하시켰고 유생의 지방산 분석 결과를 볼 때 그다지 적합한 먹이로 생각되지 않는다. Rotifer나 Artemia nauplii를 단독으로 조피볼락의 자어를 먹이로 공급하는 것보다 혼합공급하는 것이 더 효과저거인 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 rotifer나 Artemia nauplii를 ${\omega}$-yeast, Spirulina platensis나 Super Selco로 영양강화시킨후에 먹이로 공급할 경우 자어의 생존율이나 성장률에서 많은 개선을 보였다. Rotifer를 Super Selco로 영양강화를 시켰을 경우 $\omega$-yeast로 영양강화를 시킨 경우보다 높은 생존율과 성장률의 결과를 보였다. 산출 후 10일 경에 대량폐사가 발생하였으며 초기에는 rotifer가 자어의 먹이로 우수한 것으로 나타났으나 10일 경 이후부터는 Artemia nauplii가 우수한 먹이로 판단된다. 그러나 rotifer와 Artemia nauplii 혼합 공급하였을 경우 rotifer나 Artemia nauplii를 단독 공급하는 경우보다 우수한 결과를 보였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제43권4호
• /
• pp.228-232
• /
• 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of pretreatment with transdermal estradiol ($E_2$) compared to oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) on controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) response in normal responders undergoing fresh in vitro fertilization (IVF)-embryo transfer (ET) cycles. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed of normal responders undergoing fresh IVF-ET cycles who received pretreatment with transdermal $E_2$ versus OCPs prior to fresh IVF-ET. The total days of ovarian stimulation, total dosage of gonadotropins, total number of oocytes, and mature oocytes retrieved were noted. Pregnancy outcomes after ET were also recorded. Results: A total of 2,092 patients met the inclusion criteria: 1,057 and 1,035 patients in the transdermal $E_2$ and OCP groups, respectively. Patients in the OCP group had a longer duration of COS ($10.7{\pm}1.63days$, p< 0.01) than the $E_2$ group ($9.92{\pm}1.94days$). Patients in the OCP group also required higher cumulative doses of gonadotropins ($2,657.3{\pm}1,187.9IU$) than those in the $E_2$ group ($2,550.1{\pm}1,270.2IU$, p= 0.002). No statistically significant differences were found in the total and mature oocytes retrieved or in the rates of biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, spontaneous miscarriage, and live birth between the groups. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that compared to OCPs, pretreatment with transdermal $E_2$ is associated with a shorter duration of ovarian stimulation and lower gonadotropin utilization, without compromising the oocyte yield or pregnancy outcomes in normal-responder patients undergoing fresh IVF.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.73-79
• /
• 2020

인구 고령화와 저출산으로 인해 대부분의 국가는 고령화 문제에 직면해있다. 그 결과, 고령화에 대한 연구와 고령화 지원 수단은 전 세계 많은 정부의 우선순위가 되었다. 전천후 생활보조 접근법은 혁신적인 기술과 서비스의 개발을 통해 건강 상태를 모니터링하고 노인들의 더 나은 삶의 상태를 보장하는 방법이다. 전천후 생활보조 기술은 노인을 위한 더 많은 안전을 지원하고, 응급 대응 수단과 낙상 감지 해결책을 제공할 수 있다. 하지만, 전천후 생활보조 시스템에서 전송되는 정보는 매우 사적인 정보이므로, 이러한 데이터의 보안 및 개인 정보 보호는 해결해야 할 중요한 문제가 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 전천후 생활보조 시스템을 위한 카멜레온 해시 기반의 안전한 인증 프로토콜을 제안한다. 제안된 인증 프로토콜은 전천후 생활보조 시스템에 필요한 여러 가지 중요한 보안 요구 사항을 지원할 뿐만 아니라 다양한 유형의 공격으로부터 안전하다. 또한 보안 분석 결과를 통해 제안된 인증 프로토콜이 기존 프로토콜보다 더 효율적이고 안전하다는 것을 보여준다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.126-134
• /
• 2011

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is gradually widely used in prevention of gene diseases and chromosomal abnormalities. Much improvement has been achieved in biopsy technique and molecular diagnosis. Blastocyst biopsy can increase diagnostic accuracy and reduce allele dropout. It is cost-effective and currently plays an important role. Whole genome amplification permits subsequent individual detection of multiple gene loci and screening all 23 pairs of chromosomes. For PGD of chromosomal translocation, fluorescence $in-situ$ hybridization (FISH) is traditionally used, but with technical difficulty. Array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) can detect translocation and 23 pairs of chromosomes that may replace FISH. Single nucleotide polymorphisms array with haplotyping can further distinguish between normal chromosomes and balanced translocation. PGD may shorten time to conceive and reduce miscarriage for patients with chromosomal translocation. PGD has a potential value for mitochondrial diseases. Preimplantation genetic haplotyping has been applied for unknown mutation sites of single gene disease. Preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) using limited FISH probes in the cleavage-stage embryo did not increase live birth rates for patients with advanced maternal age, unexplained recurrent abortions, and repeated implantation failure. Polar body and blastocyst biopsy may circumvent the problem of mosaicism. PGS using blastocyst biopsy and array CGH is encouraging and merit further studies. Cryopreservation of biopsied blastocysts instead of fresh transfer permits sufficient time for transportation and genetic analysis. Cryopreservation of embryos may avoid ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and possible suboptimal endometrium.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제47권3호
• /
• pp.657-665
• /
• 2020

The objective of this study was to investigate whether supplementation of pentoxifylline (PTX; phosphodiesterase inhibitor) to thawed boar semen improves the post-thaw motility of sperm and affects the efficiency of artificial insemination (AI) and further development. To determine the concentration of PTX for AI, frozen-thawed semen was incubated with 0, 5, 10, and 20 mM PTX in an extender freezing medium, respectively, after thawing. Kinematic properties of sperm were examined with a computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) system. In addition, viability and mitochondrial activity were also tested by LIVE/DEAD and a MitoTracker kit. There were no significant differences in the kinetic parameters of thawed sperm between control and treatment groups, but overall assessment parameters such as motility and rapid progressive were higher in the 10 mM PTX group. In the viability and mitochondrial assay, there were no significant differences observed in the PTX treatment, compared to the control. For further analysis, artificial inseminations were performed using frozen semen and 10 mM PTX treated cryopreserved semen, respectively. There were no differences in pregnancy rates and fetus weights among the groups until 30 and 40 days, but litter size was reduced and relatively low-birth weight was observed in the PTX group. In summary, our findings suggest that enhancement of in vitro sperm quality or non-toxicity supplemented by PTX may have detrimental effects on fetus development.