• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1635-1656
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• 2023

In Bayesian multi-target tracking, the Poisson multi-Bernoulli mixture (PMBM) filter is a state-of-the-art filter based on the methodology of random finite set which is a conjugate prior composed of Poisson point process (PPP) and multi-Bernoulli mixture (MBM). In order to improve the random finite set-based filter utilized in multi-target tracking of sensor scanning, this paper introduces the Poisson multi-Bernoulli mixture filter into time-matching Bayesian filtering framework and derive a tractable and principled method, namely: the time-matching Poisson multi-Bernoulli mixture (TM-PMBM) filter. We also provide the Gaussian mixture implementation of the TM-PMBM filter for linear-Gaussian dynamic and measurement models. Subsequently, we compare the performance of the TM-PMBM filter with other RFS filters based on time-matching method with different birth models under directional continuous scanning and out-of-order discontinuous scanning. The results of simulation demonstrate that the proposed filter not only can effectively reduce the influence of sampling time diversity, but also improve the estimated accuracy of target state along with cardinality.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.11
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• pp.13-22
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• 2006

This purpose of this study was to examine the effects of maternal attitude toward parenting and children's basic living habit on children's social maturity. Subjects were 252 mothers of 5-6 year-old children in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The data obtained were analyzed by Cronbach's alpha, Pearson's correlation, t-test, and multiple regression. The major result of this study was that exercise and conversation ability of children had close relationships with several elements: birth order of children, educational background of mother, and affectionate and autonomous child-rearing attitude. Especially, mother's educational level and mother's warmth and self-regulatory child-rearing attitude were the most strongly related variables for children's social maturity.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.15-30
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• 1997

This study investigated the dagree of stimulation of home environments for preschool children in Seoul. Inchon Yangpyung and Kimpo area. The subjects of this study were 394 mothers. Instruments included the inventory of home stimulation (HOME) for preschool children. The main results obtained from this study were as follows: The main results obtained from this study were as follows: The degree of stimulaition of home environments differed according to children's sex birth order mother's age mother's employment status mother's education. income of the family type of the family religion type of the house and living areas(urban and rural).

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.255-265
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• 2009

This study explores the relationship of mother's perceptions on child development, achievement pressure and parenting stress. The participants were 275 mothers of preschool-age children in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do area. The results were as follows. Maternal perception of child development, achievement pressure and parenting stress were significantly different according to gender, birth order of the child and the employment status of the mother. Maternal perception of child development, achievement pressure and parenting stress were related to each variable. The results of the regression analysis indicated that the maternal perception of child development and achievement pressure were significant variables in predicting the parenting stress of mothers.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 2000

This study investigated the relationship of children´s perceived competences and the home environment stimulation. The subjects of this study were 120 boys and girls enrolled in grade 3 and their mothers from three elementary schools. Instruments included the inventory of home stimulation(HOME) for elementary school children and the perceived competence scale for children. The main results obtained from this study were as follows; The degree of children´s perceived competence differed according to children´s sex, birth order, mother´s education, father´s education, mother´s employment satisfaction, income of the family, type of the family. And the children´s perceived competence and the home environment stimulation were a positive correlation.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2002

This study investigated the perceptions toward the elderly of elementary school children in Incheon area. The subject of this study were 264 elementary school children in grade 2, 4, 6 and their mothers. Instruments included the inventory of the perceptions toward the elderly. The main results obtained from this study were as follows The degree of children's perceptions toward the elderly differed according to children's sex, age, birth order, mother and father's education, income of the family, religion and the attitudes of parents toward the elderly. Also the degree of children's perceptions toward the elderly differed according to whether grand parents are alive or not, whether they live together in the same household or not, the age of grand parents, their financial ability, health of grand parents.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.77-92
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to employ the Latent Growth Curve Model to investigate the developmental trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms and to identify predictors that might have an effect on change and the level of developmental trajectories. The results of this study indicated that the maternal depressive levels of a high risk group had increased significantly over the past 5 years. The predictors for these developmental trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms were as follows; birth order, maternal prenatal depressive levels, self-esteem, marital satisfaction, parenting stress and the level of family crisis experienced by the high risk group.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2011

The purpose of this research is to study differences in perceived parental neglectful behaviors between siblings from a child's perspective. The data were collected using the Multidimensional Neglectful Behavior Scales (MNBS) questionnaire from 158 sibling pairs in grades 4, 5, and 6 who attended the same elementary schools. Younger sibling experienced emotional neglect by their parents significantly more than older siblings. Same gender sibling pairs and older brotheryounger sister pairs perceived their parental neglectful behaviors in a similar manner. However older sister-younger brother pairs showed that the younger brother perceived significantly more neglect than his older sister. This study clearly illustrated that siblings' perceptions of their parents' neglectful behaviors exists differently within a family contrary to previous studies which have shown that siblings' perception of parental neglectful behaviors are similar. The results suggest that the younger brother in mixed-gender sibling pairs are far more likely to experience neglect than any other sibling. Thus, even though siblings can be at equal risk in experiencing parental neglect, the effects can vary depending on the birth order.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.93-106
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• 1998

The purpose of this study were to find the general trends of middle-aged couples' caregiving burden, to investigate correlation between husbands and wives, to estimate the differences according to related variables and analyze the effects of significant variables influencing on caregiving burden. The data were obtained from 172 middle-aged couples living in Seoul and Kwangju. The major findings were as follows; 1. Scores of couples' caregiving burden were lower than medium. Especially, husbands' score were higher than wives' in a sense of guilt and haubands' caregiving burden correlated significantly with the wives'. 2. Couples' caregiving burden showed significant differences according to birth order of husband and family life satisfaction was the most differencial in family relationship variables. Social support and family value orientations were also significant variables. 3. The most influencial variable on husbands' caregiving burden was emotional support, and instrumental support on wives'. And life and communication satisfaction were very important variables. So family relationship must be enhanced and social support system's reinforcements are necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.11
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• pp.109-122
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• 2004

This study examined the characteristics of children, parents, family, and the extra context related to the parenting stress of employed and unemployed mothers from a broader perspective. The subjects were 323 employed mothers 3nd 300 unemployed mothers of pre-school age children. Parenting stress due to the role of being a parent for both employed and unemployed mothers was correlated with the chid's activity level, husband support, quality of life, available social support, and satisfaction of early childhood program's location. Parenting stress due to child-rearing of both employed and unemployed mothers was correlated with child's birth order, activity level and rhythmicity of child, husband support, quality of life, available social support, and satisfaction of early childhood program. Number of children was the strongest predictor of parenting stress due to the role of being a parent for employed mothers and the child's activity level for unemployed mothers. Besides, the child's activity level was the strongest predictor of parenting stress due to child-rearing for both employed and unemployed mothers.