• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.322-329
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• 2011

A whole genome association (WGA) study was conducted to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for body conformation traits in Hanwoo cattle. The phenotypes of 497 steers were recorded from the Hanwoo Improvement Center of National Agricultural Cooperative Federation, Seosan, Korea, and analyzed using the Illumina Bovine 50 k SNP chip. A set of 35,987 SNPs that were available in the Hanwoo population was selected from the chip. After adjustments for the effects of year-season of birth, region and sire, phenotypes were regressed on each SNP using a linear regression model. Three hundred nineteen SNPs were detected for the ten conformation traits (p<0.003). For the significant SNPs, stepwise regression procedures were applied to determine best sets of markers. A total of 72 SNPs were selected (p<0.001), for which the sets of 5, 9, 10, 9, 8, 11, 4, 6, 3 and 7 SNPs were determined for height at withers, rump height, body length, chest depth, chest width, rump length, hip width, thurl width, pinbone width and heart girth, respectively. About 7-26% of the total phenotypic variation was explained by the set of SNPs for each trait. QTL for the conformation traits were harbored on most bovine chromosomes (BTAs). Four SNPs with pleiotropic effects on height at withers and rump height were detected on BTAs 3, 4, 6 and 16. A SNP with pleiotropic effects on chest width and rump length was also detected on BTA10. Two QTL regions, i.e. between 87 and 97 Mb in BTA3 and between 41 and 44 Mb in BTA7, were found, in which SNPs were detected for the five and three conformation traits, respectively. The detected SNPs need to be validated in other Hanwoo populations for commercial application to the genetic improvement of conformation characteristics in Hanwoo via marker-assisted selection (MAS).

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to estimate genetic and environmental factors, which can affect Idiopathic true Precocious puberty, and to evaluate the clinical and endocrinologic characteristics. Methods: Retrospective and Comparative analysis of 76 children (72 girls and 4 boys) has been diagnosed with idiopathic true precocious puberty, and treated with GnRHa from December 2008 to July 2011. Results: 1. The Average chronological age (CA. yr) of children diagnosed with idiopathic true precocious puberty was $8.40{\pm}0.81$ (girls), $9.93{\pm}0.12$ (boys). 2. The Average height & weight percentile (%ile) of the girls diagnosed with idiopathic true precocious puberty was $67.38{\pm}22.04$, $67.69{\pm}23.20$. 3. The girls' mothers have diagnosed with idiopathic true precocious puberty, and they were shorter than the average. This shows that mother's small height and idiopathic true precocious puberty are closely related to each other. 4. BMI percentile (%ile) of girls diagnosed with idiopathic true precocious puberty was $63.26{\pm}24.86$. 23.6% of children were diagnosed with overweight or obesity. This result shows that obesity and idiopathic true precocious puberty are proportionally related. 5. Birth weights (kg) of the children diagnosed with idiopathic true precocious puberty were $3.16{\pm}0.43$ (girls), $3.15{\pm}0.38$ (boys). 8.3% of children were diagnosed with Intrauterine growth retardation. 6. The Average bone ages (BA. yr) of the children diagnosed with idiopathic true precocious puberty were $10.51{\pm}0.99$ (girls), $12.10{\pm}0.97$ (boys). The Average BA-CA was $2.11{\pm}0.81$ (girls), $2.00{\pm}0.87$ (boys). 7. The Average predicted adults' height (PAH. cm) of the children diagnosed with idiopathic true precocious puberty was $151.61{\pm}4.00$ (girls), $163.50{\pm}2.15$ (boys). The Average MPH-PAH was $6.84{\pm}4.91$ (girls), $6.00{\pm}5.35$ (boys). 8. 23.6% of the children treated with GnRHa were co-treated with Growth Hormone. Conclusions: Estimated factors which cause Idiopathic true precocious puberty are mother's small height, obesity, and Intrauterine growth retardation. However, the studies of Oriental Medicine for Idiopathic true precocious puberty were lacking. Further clinical and experimental researches are needed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.10
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• pp.1119-1126
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• 2009

Purpose:This study compares the maternal characteristics and birth outcomes of infants of Asian immigrant mothers from developing countries with those of the infants of Korean mothers. Methods:In this multicenter and retrospective study, Asian immigrant women who had delivered between January 2005 and June 2008 were enrolled from9 Medical Centers. In all, 333 births to Asian immigrant women from developing countries (Asian-Korean infants) were included in this study. In addition, sex-, birth year-, and gestational age-matched 333 neonates born to Korean mothers were selected as the control group (Korean infants). On the basis of the hospital data, we investigated the nationality, age, and medical history of the mothers and compared the incidence of congenital infection, Apgar score, weight, height, and head circumference of Asian-Korean infants with those of the Korean infants. Results:The average maternal age of Asian women from developing countries at birth term was 26.7 years, which was significantly lower than that of Korean women (30.8 years, P<0.05). The birth weight of Asian-Korean infants (2,869 g) was significantly smaller than that of Korean infants (2,995 g, P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the incidence of congenital syphilis infection between the Asian-Korean infants and Korean infants (5 cases vs. 0 case, P<0.05). Conclusion:There were significant differences in the perinatal outcomes between the Korean and Asian-Korean infants. A multicenter large-scaled study should be performed to analyze the perinatal outcomes of Asian-Korean infants.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.219-229
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• 1991

The longitudinal changes on human milk volume per day and lactational performance of 23 Korean lacto-ovo-vegetarians(primiparae=11, multiparae=12) from 0.5 to 5 months after parturition have been studied by test weighing method. The human milk volume per day tended to increase during lactation. The mean volume (SD, ml/day) at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 months were 502(102), 692(127), 697(100), 684( 125), 757(52), 703(70), respectively. The overall mean volume was 661$\pm$132ml/day. The peak milk volume during the lactation was observed at most lactating women at the 1st month. The distributions of the individual mean volume during the first 5 months of lactation were found over 750m1(8.7% ), 650-750ml(47.9% ), 550-650m1(2l.7% ), and 450-550ml(2l.7% ) The number of feeding per day was 8.1 ($\pm$1.0) at 0.5 months postpartum, which was consistently decreased. However, the mean volume per feeding was increased from 62($\pm$9.5)ml at 0.5 month to 112($\pm$13.3)ml at 5 months postpartum. The milk volume was correlated with the peak volume. and maternal age. but not with weight before delivery. maternal height and birth weight. No differences of milk volume and lactational performance between facto-ovo-vegetarian and nonvegetarian women were observed. This study suggests that the human milk volume cited in the recommended dietary allowances for Koreitns is over estimated.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.33-36
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• 2020

Cutaneous horn is the clinical entity, which is circumscribed, conical, markedly hyperkeratotic lesion in which the height of the keratotic mass amounts to at least half of its largest diameter. It may be associated with many different pathological lesions. It is a relatively rare and a kind of epidermal tumor that generally appears as a conical projection. Here, we report rare case of congenital cutaneous horn. A 39-month-old female Korean patient presented at our clinic with a mass at the tip of her nose present since birth. Under general anesthesia, cutaneous horn of nasal tip was completely excised without any complications. The operation site was small enough to perform a primary closure, without any nasal deformity. Histopathologically, it was reported as a fibroepithelial polyps. After operation, there is no evidence of recurrence at 16 months of follow-up.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.23-34
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence fate of obesity and to assess the relationship between obese children and their family Characteristics in 3 rural area in the Chung Cheong Nam Do province. Method: The children's height, weight and family characteristics of 327 5th and 6th grade elementary school students were obtained from the individual health records and self-recorded questionnaire surveys from June 25th to July 15, 2004. Results: The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. The prevalence rate of obesity of 5th and 6th grade of rural elementary school students was 10.5%. 2. 20.9% of obese children had obese family members and 9.4% of obese children did not have any obese family members. The birth order, family size and family structure showed no significantly difference. 3. The obese children were more affected by their parents' concerns of body image (upper quartile of 84.1) and exercise (upper quartile 61.4%) than normal children. However, there was no significantly increase with the parents' concerns about meals. 4. There was no relationship in the obese children by PBI. 5. There was no relationship in the obese children by FACES III. Conclusion: The elevation of a parent's concern of their obese child about meal regulation should be investigated further.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.47-60
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• 1996

This study was carried out to investigate growth performance, energy and protein metabolism of breast and formula fed infants from birth to 3 months postpartum. There were four groups : breast fed(BF) and three formula fed groups(FFM, FFN and FFP). There was no significant difference in the height of infants according to feeding method and formula brands. However, mean weight of FFM was significantly higher than that of FFP and BF at 1 and 3 months postpartum, respectively. Mean head circumference of FFN was lowest among groups. The average intake of breast milk was $781.4{\;}{pm}{\;}119.3m{\ell}/day$ and that of formula was $848.6{\;}{pm}{\;}118.5m{\ell}/day$. Mean apparent digestible energy intakes of formula-fed infants and breast-fed infants during 3months were 568.9 $\pm$146.9 kca1/day and 657.9$\pm$212.8 kca1/day, respectively. The average protein intake of brest-fed and formula-fed infants were 8.3$\pm$1.6g/day and 14.1$\pm$14.1 g/day, respectively. The protein intakes of formula-fed infants were significantly higher than those of breast-fed infants at 1, 2, 3 months. The apparent protein digestibility of breast-fed infants was singnificantly higher compared to formula fed infant. These data suggest that RDA for infants be established and breast feeding be encouraged.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.756-766
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• 1998

The objectives of this study were to examine the growth pattern and hair trace element contents of healthy infants who were fed breast milk(BF infant) and formula (FF infant) during the first 6 months and its relationship to intake of trace elements. Bimonthyl anthropometric measurements were obtained on 32 infants through 6 months of age. Mean calculated energy, iron, zinc and copper intake from breast milk at 2 months of age were 432.4kcal/d, 0.19mg/d, 1.18mg/d and 0.22mg/d. The values obtained from formular were543.7kcal/d, 6.68mg/d , 2.82mg/d and 0.33mg/d , respectively. In spite of the significantly lower intake of energy and trace elements in BF infants than in FF infants, BF infants showed growth above the average Kroean infant standard growth rate and showed no significant growth rate difference or hair trace element content. Hair iron content in the BF infants at 6 mo. of age was positively related to birth weight and iron intake at 2 mo. of age. In contrast, hair zinc and copper content in the FF infants at 6 mo. of age as negatively related to height increment and weight increment during 6 months, respectively. These results support the suggesting that BF infant's higher iron, zinc and copper intake is attributed to the superior bioabailability of these trace elements from breast milk.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.929-935
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of regular maternal exercise on maternal nutrients intake and pregnancy outcome. The number of subjects were 567 pregnant women at local general hospital in Daegu. General characteristics data and 24- hour food recalls were collected by trained interviewer. Structured interview and medical record review were carried out at first prenatal and delivery visit(included age, delivery history, height, pre-pregnancy weight, and pregnancy outcome etc). Regular exercise performance was surveyed at third trimester and 31.4% of subjects exercised regularly Overall weight gains during pregnancy were 13.9 $\pm$ 3.8kg and 14.7 $\pm$ 4.7kg in the exercise and sedentary group, respectively. The type of exercise was mainly strolling and light aerobic exercise. Usually firstpara subjects exercised more regularly than multipara subjects. There is no significant difference between regular exercise and severity of morning sickness. Weight gain during pregnancy was not relate to regular exercise. Though there is not statistically significant, the nutrients intakes were higher in regular exercise group than in sedentary group. We concluded regular exercise during pregnancy neither influenced pregnancy weight gain, severity of morning sickness nor baby birth weight but it could affect the nutritional and health statues of mother.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.220-228
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to measure adiposity and to investigate related factors in preschoolers born prematurely. Methods: A longitudinal follow-up study was conducted with 52 preschoolers at 5 years of corrected age among 343 preterm infants. Their adiposity status was evaluated based on measurements of body mass index, subscapular and triceps skin fold thickness (SFT), waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and mid-arm circumference at a home visit. Results: The findings showed that SFT measurements, particularly at the triceps, reflected the degree of adiposity more accurately than other conventional measures. A shorter gestation, older maternal age, and the mother having more years of formal education were associated with higher levels of adiposity in the preschoolers. Conclusion: The adiposity of children born prematurely needs to be thoroughly monitored with additional SFT measurements, considering the risk of accelerated growth patterns overriding regular catch-up growth in children born prematurely.