• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.646-649
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• 2008

Hallermann-Streiff syndrome is a rare disease. Approximately 150 cases have been reported, including 6 cases in Korea. The authors experienced a case of Hallermann-Streiff syndrome in a 6-year-old female with aphakia. The syndrome is characterized by a bird-like face, dental abnormalities, hypotrichosis, atrophy of the skin, bilateral microphthalmia, and proportionate dwarfism. A brief review of the literature was conducted.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.100-105
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• 2007

Cockayne syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by cachectic dwafism, mental retardation, loss of facial subcutaneous adipose tissue, microcephaly and photosensitive dermatitis. It is associated with renal abnormalities characterized by hyalinization of glomeruli, atrophy of tubules and interstitial fibrosis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of Cockayne syndrome with FSGS in Korea. A 7-year old boy was admitted for evaluation of hypertension and proteinuria, which were detected 2 month ago. He was followed for short stature(<3 percentile), mental retardation(IQ 55), strabismus and dental caries since 3 years ago. He also showed microcephaly, a bird-like face and relatively large hands and feet. Laboratory findings showed decreased creatinine clearance($C_{Cr}$ 76.1 mL/min/$1.73m^2$) and proteinuria(1,548 mg/day). Renal biopsy demonstrated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis of the hilar type with large hyaline deposits, moderate tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. His cardinal features, mental retardation, and renal biopsy findings were consistent with Cockayne syndrome. We report here a very rare case of Cockayne syndrome with FSGS presenting with proteinuria and hypertension.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.229-244
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• 2010

This study aims to discuss the type and characteristics of primitivism in the modern fashion of the $21^{st}$ century and, as a research method, the concept of primitivism as well as the transition of the patterns of primitivism expressed in modern art have been considered and reviewed through a variety of references. In particular, an empirical analysis of the works that have been created from 2000 to 2009 has been performed using domestic and overseas fashion and collection magazines. The characteristics of primitivism in modern fashion possess the following types of expression: First, Sensuality can be cited as one of the characteristics, either by using direct or indirect exposure of the human body, a silhouette which fits tightly to the body, or creating the effect of sensual beauty using animal fur or bird feathers. Second, Incantation: Masks symbolizing primitive incantation are used to cover the human face or primitive incantation is incorporated as a theme of hair accessories or fashion trinkets, etc. In addition, such decorations as tattoos and the body colorations of ancient tribes are reproduced in modern fashion by means of body painting, printing or other accessories, emphasizing the image of occult primitiveness. Third, Naturalness can be cited as one of the characteristics. Naturalness is emphasized in modern fashion not through artificial decorations and processing, but rather through different patterns of exposure by which natural purity can be felt or through the use of non-artificial materials which recalls primitive civilization. Forth, Playfulness is expressed in the form of graffiti or abstract letters and paintings, and the character of the play is often expressed by the use of grotesque images based on various distortions and exaggerations of the human body, the utilization of symbols of primitive incantation and body and/or facial painting. Fifth, Lastly 'folkishness is emphasized. Folk-like objects, facial decorations, exposure of the body and intense color contrasts typically represent the folkish characteristics.