• 제목/요약/키워드: Biosafety Level

검색결과 53건 처리시간 0.024초

Prevalence and Quantification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Raw Salad Vegetables at Retail Level

  • Tunung, R.;Margaret, S.P.;Jeyaletchumi, P.;Chai, L.C.;Zainazor, T.C. Tuan;Ghazali, F.M.;Nakaguchi, Y.;Nishibuchi, M.;Son, R.
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.391-396
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    • 2010
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the biosafety of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in raw salad vegetables at wet markets and supermarkets in Malaysia. A combination of the most probable number-polymerase chain reaction (MPN-PCR) method was applied to detect the presence of V. parahaemolyticus and to enumerate their density in the food samples. The study analyzed 276 samples of common vegetables eaten raw in Malaysia (Wild cosmos=8; Japanese parsley=21; Cabbage=30; Lettuce=16; Indian pennywort=17; Carrot=31; Sweet potato=29; Tomato=38; Cucumber=28; Four-winged bean=26; Long bean=32). The samples were purchased from two supermarkets (A and B) and two wet markets (C and D). The occurrence of V. parahaemolyticus detected was 20.65%, with a higher frequency of V. parahaemolyticus in vegetables obtained from wet markets (Wet market C=27.27%; Wet Market D=32.05%) compared with supermarkets (Supermarket A=1.64%; Supermarket B=16.67%). V. parahaemolyticus was most prevalent in Indian pennywort (41.18%). The density of V. parahaemolyticus in all the samples ranged from <3 up to >2,400 MPN/g, mostly <3 MPN/g concentration. Raw vegetables from wet markets contained higher levels of V. parahaemolyticus compared with supermarkets. Although V. parahaemolyticus was present in raw vegetables, its numbers were low. The results suggest that raw vegetables act as a transmission route for V. parahaemolyticus. This study will be the first biosafety assessment of V. parahaemolyticus in raw vegetables in Malaysia.

고병원성 바이러스 검사를 위한 분자진단검사실 구축 (Designing a Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory for Testing Highly Pathogenic Viruses)

  • 정태원;정재영;김성현;김영권
    • 대한임상검사과학회지
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    • 제53권2호
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    • pp.143-150
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    • 2021
  • 최근 SARS-CoV-2를 포함한 신종 및 변종 고병원성 바이러스의 확산과 이를 확진하기 위한 진단검사의 수요가 증가함에 따라 분자유전검사실 구축 시 필요한 공간별 기능을 조사하고 임상병리사의 안전성 확보를 위한 시설 지침을 마련하고자 하였다. 검사과정 중 검체 전처리 및 핵산 증폭 전실 및 후실 분리와 함께 음압설비가 필요하며, 핵산 증폭 전 공간을 분리해 단방향 작업 흐름을 고려해 공간 구성을 하여야 한다. 검사 진행과정 중 검체 전처리, 핵산 증폭 전 단계에서 실 분리와 함께 음압시설이 필요하며, 공간구성은 핵산증폭 전실 및 후실 공간을 분리하고 검사진행 방향을 단방향 검사흐름(unidirectional work flow)을 고려하여 계획하여야 한다. 안전관리 시설은 생물학적 안전 기준 2등급으로 지정하고 그에 따른 안전보호구를 배치하고, 위험물을 취급하는 경우 생물학적 안전상자 내부에서 진행해야 하며, 전염성 오염물의 폐기를 위한 멸균기가 필요하다. 국내 분자유전검사실 사례의 공통점은 검체 전처리공간을 -2.5 Pa 이하의 음압으로 유지하고 있으며, 검사과정상 전처리와 시약준비 공간에 대해서는 다른 공간에서 진행하고 있었다. 본 연구는 검사과정의 세부흐름과 공간별 기능을 분리하고 안전관리 기준 적용한 검사실 구축 방향을 제시하였고, 임시시설과 결핵검사실을 변경하여 사용하는 사례를 소개함으로써 더욱 효율적인 방향을 모색할 수 있는 자료로 의의가 있다고 하겠다.

도시텃밭과 옥상정원에서 재배되는 농산물의 생물학적 안전성 조사 (Monitoring of Biosafety of Agricultural Products from Urban Community Gardens and Roof Gardens in Korea)

  • 김진원;유용만;나원석;;최인욱;윤영남;이영하
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.400-407
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    • 2014
  • 도시농업은 정서적 안정뿐만 아니라 수확의 즐거움을 제공하는 곳으로, 생산되는 농산물의 안전성 확보가 요구되나 이에 대한 자료가 없다. 본 과제에서는 2012년 9월부터 10월 사이에 서울시내 도시텃밭 4곳과 옥상농원 6곳에서 채취한 배추 및 상추 260 표본을 대상으로 세균 및 기생충 오염수준을 정량적으로 혹은 정성적으로 평가하였다. 조사한 농산물에 부착되어 있는 총호기성균과 대장균군의 수는 각각 $6.1{\pm}0.8log\;CFU{\cdot}g^{-1}$(범위, $5.4{\pm}0.6-7.1{\pm}0.8log\;CFU{\cdot}g^{-1}$) 및 $4.0{\pm}0.7lo\;CFU{\cdot}g^{-1}$(범위, $2.3{\pm}0.6-6.1{\pm}0.9log\;CFU{\cdot}g^{-1}$)이었다. 대장균군은 전체 표본의 59.6%에서 발견되었다. 농산물별로 분석 시 배추와 상추의 총호기성균 및 대장균군 오염 수준은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 농산물 재배 장소별로 분석 시 옥상농원에 비하여 도시텃밭에서 더 많이 검출되었다(p > 0.05). 대장균은 전체 야채의 3.1%에서 발견되었으며, 오염수준은 $1.5{\pm}0.2log\;CFU{\cdot}g^{-1}$이었다. 식중독 유발 세균 중 황색포도상구균은 조사한 농산물의 1.5%에서 검출되었으나, 그 외의 Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli 0157:H7은 모든 표본에서 검출되지 않았다. 또한 2개의 배추 표본(전체 농산물의 0.8%)에서 미확인된 기생충란이 발견되었다. 이상의 결과로 보아, 서울시내 도시농업으로 생산되는 농산물에서 세균학적 오염이 있는 것이 확인되어, 재배 과정 중 생물학적 오염을 줄이기 위한 노력이 요구된다.

The Stability, and Efficacy Against Penicillin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium, of the Plectasin Peptide Efficiently Produced by Escherichia coli

  • Chen, Xin;Wen, Yaoan;Li, Ling;Shi, Jiawei;Zhu, Zhe;Luo, Yuwen;Li, Yun;Chen, Rui
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제25권7호
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    • pp.1007-1014
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    • 2015
  • Plectasin, the first defensin extracted from a fungus (the saprophytic ascomycete Pseudoplectania nigrella), is attractive as a prospective antimicrobial agent. The purpose of this study was to establish a bacterium-based production system and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the resulting plectasin. A gene encoding plectasin, with the codon preference of Escherichia coli, was optimized based on its amino acid sequence, synthesized using genesplicing with overlap extension PCR, and inserted into the expression vector pGEX-4T-1. The fusion protein was expressed in the soluble fraction of E. coli and purified using glutathione Stransferase affinity chromatography. Plectasin was cleaved from the fusion protein with thrombin and purified by ultrafiltration. The purified plectasin showed strong, concentrationdependent antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant bacteria, especially penicillin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. This antimicrobial activity was equal to chemically synthesized plectasin and was maintained over a wide range of pH and temperatures. This soluble recombinant expression system in E. coli is effective for producing plectasin at a relatively lower cost, and higher purity and efficiency than prior systems, and might provide a foundation for developing a large-scale production system. Overall, plectasin shows potential as a novel, high-performance, and safe antibiotic for the treatment of refractory diseases caused by drug-resistant bacterial strains.

병원 진단검사의학부의 공간구조와 설비기준에 대한 조사 - 미국, 영국, 독일을 중심으로 - (A Study on the Space Organization and Facility Equipment of Medical Laboratory - focusing on the USA, UK and Germany -)

  • 김영애
    • 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.7-15
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    • 2016
  • Purpose: As medicare services have gotten spreaded, clinical laboratory has been dominant position. So, it has been acted for quality control and clinical pathology accreditation. But there has been quite deficient information to evaluate working space and technical standards of medical laboratory for accreditation. This study goals to figure out accreditation standard and design guideline for clinical laboratory, and to give safe and efficient design information. Methods: This study has been searched by literature for accreditation standards and design guidelines of clinical pathology in USA, UK, and Germany. Results: Three countries have accredited based on working lab space, staff space, storage space, patient space and health and safety equipment. Design guidelines of three countries commonly have focused on worktable layout, worktable distance and module, and specific laboratory biosafety level. And USA guidelines stress on the architectural design such as design process and passage distance for escape, UK stress on the efficiency as functional work flow and construction cost, lastly Germany design guidelines stress on the operator's safety distance and workstation. Three countries have not only accreditation standards but also design guidelines for more specific quality management, separating from accrediting institute. Implications: In korea, it has been needed to make clinical laboratory design guideline for the safe and efficient environment and reliable and competitive medical service.

구제역 바이러스를 대체할 모델 바이러스 선별 (Selection of model viruses for foot-and-mouth disease virus-related-experiments)

  • 김태환;틸리나;김재훈;이광녕;박종현;김철중;이종수
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제53권4호
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    • pp.304-308
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    • 2017
  • 구제역 바이러스 연구가 BSL-3 시설에 제한되기 때문에 여러 가지 소독제나 항바이러스 제제에 대한 효력 및 효능 평가가 쉽게 이루어질 수 없다. 따라서 구제역 바이러스와 계통학적으로 유사한 bovine rhinovirus (BRV)와 human rhinovirus (HRV)의 특성을 열, pH 그리고 여러가지 소독제를 이용하여 평가하였다. 그 결과 구제역 바이러스의 성상과 매우 흡사한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로 BRV와 HRV는 구제역 바이러스를 대체할 수 있는 모델 바이러스로 이용이 가능하다.

Comparative in vivo biodistributions of nanoparticles and polymers of 177lutetium-labeled hyaluronic acids in mice during 28 days

  • Lin, Chunmei;Jeong, Ju-Yeon;Yon, Jung-Min;Park, Seul Gi;Gwon, Lee Wha;Lee, Jong-Geol;Baek, In-Jeoung;Nahm, Sang-Soep;Lee, Beom Jun;Yun, Young Won;Nam, Sang-Yoon
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제57권2호
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    • pp.105-111
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    • 2017
  • Hyaluronic acid (HA) has been investigated for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. This study was conducted to determine the distributions of HA nanoparticles (NPs; size 350-400 nm) and larger HA polymers in mice at intervals after application. $^{177}Lutetium$ (Lu)-labeled HA-NPs or HA polymers were intravenously injected (5 mg/kg) into male ICR mice, and radioactivity levels in blood and target organs were measured from 0.25 h to 28 days post-injection. In blood, the radioactivities of HA-NPs and HA polymer peaked at 0.5 h after injection but were remarkably decreased at 2 h; subsequently, they maintained a constant level until 6 days post-injection. HA-NPs and HA polymers were observed in the liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and heart (in ascending order) but were seldom observed in other organs. After 3 days, both the HA-NP and HA polymer levels showed similar steady decreases in lung, kidney, and heart. However, in liver and spleen, the HA-NP levels tended to decrease gradually after 1 day and both were very low after 14 days, whereas the HA polymer level accumulated for 28 days. The results indicate that HA-NPs, with their faster clearance pattern, may act as a better drug delivery system than HA polymers, especially in the liver and spleen.

일부 대학교 미생물실험실 및 화학실험실에서의 진균 분포 및 관련인자 (Levels and Related Factors of Airborne Fungi in Microbial and Chemistry Laboratories in Universities)

  • 황성호;조현우;박동욱;윤충식;류경남;하권철
    • 한국산업보건학회지
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.41-46
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    • 2010
  • The purpose of this study is to assess the level of fungi concentration in the university laboratories in Seoul, Korea, and to investigate factors contributing to these concentrations. The samples were taken from three spots in each laboratory; the top of sink, the center of laboratory, and the front of ventilation system, i.e fume hood at the chemical laboratory and clean bench/biosafety cabinet at the microbial laboratory. Air samples were collected using the single-stage Anderson sampler (Quick Take 30) at a flow rate of 28.3 l/min for 5 min on nutrient media in Petri-dishes located on the impactor. Fifty-two air samples were collected from 19 different laboratories (13 microbiology laboratories, 6 chemistry laboratories) in the university, and concentrations of airborne fungi showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between microbiology and chemistry laboratory, and also no significant difference at three locations (sink, center, front of ventilation system) in microbiology and chemistry laboratories. Average concentrations of fungi in 19 laboratories ranged from 7 to 459 cfu/$m^3$, with an overall Geometric Mean of 52 cfu/$m^3$. Airborne fungi concentrations of 6 samples (12 %) exceeded 150 cfu/$m^3$, the guideline of WHO. The ratios of Indoor/Outdoor for airborne fungi ranged from 0.2 to 4.8 (mean = 1.6). Related factors were measured such as relative humidity, temperature, and laboratory area. Temperature and laboratory area showed no significant relations to concentrations of airborne fungi except for relative humidity in the laboratory Concentrations of fungi were significant different (p<0.01) between rainy or cloudy and sunny. However, there was no significant difference between general ventilation and nongeneral ventilation.

Post-ELSI 지형도: 합성생물학 거버넌스와 '수행되지 않은 사회과학' (The Landscape of Post-ELSI Methodologies: The Governance of Synthetic Biology and 'Undone Social Science')

  • 우태민;박범순
    • 과학기술학연구
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.85-125
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    • 2014
  • 이 논문에서는 '수행되지 않은 사회과학(undone social science)'의 한 사례로 한국에서 합성생물학에 대한 사회과학적 연구의 부재를 지적하고 그 구조적 원인을 고찰해보고자 한다. 합성생물학은 자연에 존재하지 않는 생명물질을 만들어내고 새로운 생물체의 시스템을 설계하거나 자연에 있는 생명시스템의 재설계를 목표로 21세기 초 등장했다. 이 새로운 과학기술은 인류가 직면한 에너지, 식량, 질병 문제들을 해결해 줄 수 있을 것이라는 기대를 받고 있지만, 이전에 없던 합성생물체의 등장과 바이오 테러, 바이오 헤커 등으로 인류의 생존 자체가 위협받을 수 있다는 극단적인 우려도 낳고 있다. 따라서 이 분야를 주도하고 있는 미국과 유럽의 과학기술계는 초창기부터 사회과학자들의 관심과 참여를 중요하게 생각해서로 함께 연구할 수 있는 방법을 모색해왔다. 그런데 왜 한국에서는 합성생물학의 생명윤리, 생물안정성, 생물안보 등의 문제에 대한 연구가 거의 없을까? 만약 지금부터라도 사회과학자들의 참여를 독려한다면, 어떤 방식으로 하는 것이 좋을까? 이에 답하기 위해 인간유전체사업과 함께 도입되었던 ELSI(Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications) 연구의 성과와 논란을 살펴보고, ELSI의 한계를 극복하기 위해 등장한 post-ELSI의 다양한 방법론을 소개할 것이다. 이를 바탕으로 본 논문에서는 새로운 과학기술에 대한 ELSI 프로그램의 제도화가 시급하고, post-ELSI 논의의 활성화로 한국에 맞는 연구방법을 찾는 것이 필요하며, 사회과학자들의 자율성과 독립성을 확보할 수 있는 지적 공간과 제도적 장치를 마련해야 할 것이라는 세 가지 제언을 할 것이다.

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Pro-Apoptotic Activity of 4-Isopropyl-2-(1-Phenylethyl) Aniline Isolated from Cordyceps bassiana

  • Kim, Mi Seon;Lee, Yunmi;Sung, Gi-Ho;Kim, Ji Hye;Park, Jae Gwang;Kim, Han Gyung;Baek, Kwang Soo;Cho, Jae Han;Han, Jaegu;Lee, Kang-Hyo;Hong, Sungyoul;Kim, Jong-Hoon;Cho, Jae Youl
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.367-373
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    • 2015
  • Cordyceps species including Cordyceps bassiana are a notable anti-cancer dietary supplement. Previously, we identified several compounds with anti-cancer activity from the butanol fraction (Cb-BF) of Cordyceps bassiana. To expand the structural value of Cb-BF-derived anti-cancer drugs, we employed various chemical moieties to produce a novel Cb-BF-derived chemical derivative, KTH-13-amine-monophenyl [4-isopropyl-2-(1-phenylethyl) aniline (KTH-13-AMP)], which we tested for anti-cancer activity. KTH-13-AMP suppressed the proliferation of MDA-MB-231, HeLa, and C6 glioma cells. KTH-13-AMP also dose-dependently induced morphological changes in C6 glioma cells and time-dependently increased the level of early apoptotic cells stained with annexin V-FITC. Furthermore, the levels of the active full-length forms of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were increased. In contrast, the levels of total forms of caspases-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and Bcl-2 were decreased in KTH-13-AMP treated-cells. We also confirmed that the phosphorylation of STAT3, Src, and PI3K/p85, which is linked to cell survival, was diminished by treatment with KTH-13-AMP. Therefore, these results strongly suggest that this compound can be used to guide the development of an anti-cancer drug or serve as a lead compound in forming another strong anti-proliferative agent.