• 펄프종이기술
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.18-27
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• 1998

Biopulping is defined as the treatment of wood chips with lignin-degrading fungi prior to pulping. Fungal pretreatment prior to mechanical pulping reduces electrical energy requirements during refining or increases mill throughput, improves paper strength, reduces the pitch content, and reduces the environmental impact of pulping. Our recent work involved scaling up the biopulping process towards the industrial level, investigating both the engineering and economic feasibility. We envision the process to be done in either a chip-pile or silo-based system for which several factors need to be considered: the degree of decontamination, a hospitable environment for the fungus, and the overall process economics. Currently, treatment of the chips with low-pressure steam is sufficient for decontamination and a simple, forced ventilation system maintains the proper temperature, humidity, and moisture conditions, thus promoting uniform growth of the fungus. The pilot-scale trial resulted in the successful treatment of 4 tons of wood chips (dry weight basis) with results comparable to those on a laboratory. Larger, 40-ton trials were also successful, with energy savings and paper properties comparable with the laboratory scale. The overall economics of the process also look very favorable and can result in significant annual savings to the mill. Although the current research has focused on biopulping for mechanical pulping, it is also beneficial for sulfite chemical pulping and some applications to recycled fiber have been investigated.

• Mycobiology
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.205-209
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• 2007

Ergosterol involves in fungal cell growth as a major component in fungal cell membranes. It can be an indicator that shows the fungal activity, and its content depends on the fungal strains, culture, growth conditions and so on. In this study, fungal activities and growth patterns of three white-rot fungi strains isolated in Korea were evaluated by determination of ergosterol contents during the incubation. Wood decay test and chemical analyses of wood were also performed to verify the relationship between fungal activity and wood degrading capacity of white-rot fungi for 60 days. In the results of experiments, it is considered that the test strains selectively degrade large amount of lignin in wood at the early stage of decay. Especially, Phanerochaete chrysosporium showed the best capability on selective degradation of lignin among the test fungi. It is suggested that the determination of ergosterol content in the fungal culture during the incubation is the simple and effective screening method of white-rot fungi for the application to biopulping of wood.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2003년도 추계학술발표논문집
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• pp.9-16
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• 2003

Interaction between wood-destroying basidiomycetes and blue stain fungi were studied during conjoint cultivation on 2% malt extract agar. The ability of basidial cultures to decolourise dark pigments of ophiostomatoid fungi was the main characteristics estimated during this investigation. Antrodiella hoehnelii(S28/91), Bjerkandera fumosa(137), Gleophyllum odoratum(124), Trametes versicolor (B18/91) cultures were found to be the most active in decreasing dark colour of blue stain fungi colonies. The cultures were recommended for further development as agents of biopulping and control of blue stain fungi in wood chips.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제26권2호통권85호
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• pp.144-152
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• 1998

선택적 리그닌 분해능을 가지고 생물펄프공정에 사용가능한 백색부후균을 얻기 위하여 94종류의 목재부후균을 검정하였고 선발된 7개종에 대하여 활엽수와 침엽수의 부후능력을 측정하였다. 우선 백색부후균은 셀룰로오즈 분해효소, 페놀산화효소, laccase, peroxidase 등의 효소활성을 간단한 방법으로 검정하여 선발하였는데, Bavendamm test에서 양성을 나타내는 대부분의 균들은 syringaldazine을 사용한 laccase test에서도 강한 반응을 나타낸 반면, 음성반응을 나타낸 대부분의 균들은 laccase와 peroxidase test에서도 음성반응을 나타내었다. 선택적 리그닌 분해능력을 지닌 부후균을 선발하기 위하여 부후균을 은사시나무와 일본잎갈나무(낙엽송) 목재블럭에 접종하여 12주간 배양한 후에 부후된 목재의 중량감소율, 리그닌 량의 감소, 형태적 변화들을 화학분석과 주사전자현미경을 통하여 분석하는 목재부후 실험을 실시하였다. 이 실험에서 사용한 거의 모든 균주는 목재블럭의 중량감소율이 일본잎갈나무 보다 은사시나무에서 2배이상 높게 나타났으며 균을 접종하지 않은 목재블럭에서는 중량감소가 전혀 나타나지 않았다. Ceriporiopsis subvermispora와 Phanerochaete chrysosporium이 다른 균주에 비해서 침엽수와 활엽수의 리그닌을 모두 잘 분해시키는 것으로 나타났으나 분해 능력은 Ceriporiopsis subvermispora가 더욱 우수하였다. Bjerkandera adusta와 미동정된 2균주는 은사시나무에서만 상대적으로 높은 리그닌 분해능력을 나타내었다. B. adusta는 모든 세포벽 성분을 동시에 분해시켜서 2차세포벽을 얇게 만들었으나 다른 균주들은 선택적 리그닌 분해력을 나타내어 두 세포의 세포벽 사이에 위치하는 중벽에 존재하는 리그닌을 분해시켜서 세포를 분리시키는 것이 관찰되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제33권2호통권130호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2005

This study was performed to understand the interaction between Ophiostomataceae and basidiomycetes fungi during cultures, and whether the basidiomycetes fungi inhibit the growth and decolorize dark pigments of blue staining fungi. The conjoint cultivation was studied on 2% malt extract agar. The ability of basidial cultures to decolorize dark pigments of ophiostomatoid fungi was the main characteristics estimated during this study. More than half of basidial cultures were characterized by deadlock interaction with blue staining fungi. In the dual cultures, where basidial partners were presented by Agaricus bisporus(64), Laetiporus sulphureus(L01/89), Trametes versicolor(09) and unknown fungus(02), antagonism was found at the phase of primary contact of colonies. Replacement interaction resulted usually in decreasing dark colour of substrate was observed for 11 basidial cultures that were belonging mainly to white-rot fungi. Among them Abortiporus biennis(123), Antrodiella hoehnelii(S28/91), Bjerkandera fumosa (137), and Gleophyllum odoratum(124) were characterized by the absence of deadlock-phase: they began to grow over dark colonies of their partners just after primary contact. Basidiomycetes did not affect strongly the pigments of Ceratocystis spp. and Leptographium sibirica isolates, but completely decolorized colonies of Ophiostoma ips and to a smaller degree Ophiostoma minus. Antrodiella hoehnelii(S28/91), Bjerkandera fumosa(137), Gleophyllum odoratum(124) and Trametes versicolor(B18/91) cultures were found to be the most active in decreasing dark color of blue staining fungi colonies. The cultures were recommended for further development as agents of biopulping of wood chips and bio-control of blue stain in woods.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.985-989
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• 2002

For efficient biopulping process, very active and stable lignase is essential. Laccase is one of the best enzyme in terms of environmentally benign processes, since the enzyme uses oxygen as an oxidant to degrade lignin and produces no hamful prod ucts. We could purify a laccase homogeneously from Cerrena unicolor in a very active state. It shows characteristic absorption feature with blue band at λmax = 604 ㎚. Molecular weight of the enzyme is 57,608 which could be accurately determined by MALDI/TOF MS. The enzyme has 2.8 copper ions per enzyme implying apoenzymes might exist together. The enzyme is active in lignin degradation and the activity increases 4 times in the presence of ABTS as a mediator.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.468-473
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• 2007

White rot fungi, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Phanerochaete sordida, have been mostly studied in a variety of industrial processes like biopulping and pulp bleaching as well as in bioremediation. Whereas P. sordida is widely distributed in the North Temperate Zone, P. chrysosporium is reported in the restricted area and hundreds of reports have been described from a few strains of P. chrysosporium, which are deposited at various fungal collections in the world. The isolates of two species are not easily discriminated because of their morphological and molecular similarity. Through the ITS sequence analyses, a region containing substantial genetic variation between the two species was identified. PCR amplification using two specific primers was successfully used to differentiate P. chrysosporium from P. sordida. These results were supported by cultural studies. The growth rates at $37^{\circ}C$ on PDA, MEA, and Cza and the microscopic features of conidia on PDA and YMA were also very useful to differentiate those two species.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2001

목재 내 리그닌의 선택적 분해 특성을 지닌 백색부후균 중, Phanerochaete chrysosporium KCCM 34740 균주를 현사시나무 목재 칩에 전처리하여 bio-kraft pulping 적용 가능성을 실험적으로 평가하였다. 전처리 결과, 무처리 대조구에 비해 펄프의 정선수율은 전처리 10일에서 최고 약 2%의 증가를 보였으며, 전처리 기간의 증가에 따라 여수도의 감소, WRV의 증가 경향을 나타냈다. 또한 수초지의 물성 개선에도 효과가 있었으며, 주사전자현미경 관찰을 통하여 이러한 효과가 백색부후균의 생물고해 작용, 즉 펄프 섬유의 미세섬유화 및 다공질화에 기인한 것임을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로써 향후 kraft 증해 약액 및 제지공정상의 고해 동력에너지의 소비를 절감할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.