• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.253-266
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 연료형 목재제품 중 국내 유통되고 있는 3종의 성형탄(숯가루 성형탄, 톱밥성형탄, 구멍탄착화용 성형탄)을 선정하여 연소특성, 유해물질 함량, 연소 시 발생되는 대기오염물질 배출 특성에 관한 연구를 진행하였다. 연소시 숯가루 성형탄이 톱밥성형탄보다 더 높은 일산화탄소를 발생시켰으며, 성형목탄의 연소 시 발생하는 대기오염물질 배출량을 대기환경보전법 배출허용기준과 비교 시 전체 제품의 질소·황산화물 배출 기준에 미치지 못하였다. 2019년 기준 배출 허용기준으로 일산화탄소 200 ppm, 질소 산화물 150 ppm, 황산화물 100 ppm이며, 이산화탄소 배출 기준은 변경되지 않았다. 본 연구에 의해 생성된 연소가스 분석을 기초 자료로 성형목탄의 연소 시 생성되는 대기오염물질의 배출 계산을 위한 표준에 대한 연구 및 성형목탄의 불완전 연소에 의해 생성되는 일산화탄소 저감에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제23권E2호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2007

Among all the nitrogen species present in the atmosphere, ammonia forms a considerable portion along with the nitrogen oxides. The major sources of atmospheric ammonia are animal feedlot operations including emission from excreta of domestic animals and agricultural activities, followed by emission from synthetic fertilizers, biomass burning and to some lesser extent, fossil fuel combustion. Ammonia emission factor, expressed as the weight of ammonia per unit weight, volume, or duration of the activity emitting it, is generally used in developing emission estimates for emission inventories. The factors determining ammonia loss from soil or from manures are the temperature, pH, humidity, precipitation and the velocity of wind above it.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2016

The PMF result was compared with the result from the Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) modelling (Lee and Kim, 2007) to estimate major source of PAHs observed at Seoul from August 2002 to December 2003. Five major sources were estimated from PMF and CMB modellings respectively. Among them three major sources (coal combustion for residential, coke oven and biomass burning) were identified at both models.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.256-259
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• 2008

The gasification of biomass, sawdust, was carried out in order to investigate gasification characteristics. The experiment was performed using a down-draft fixed bed gasifier to surpass tar components generation in the gasification process. In the experiments, we investigated synthetic gas composition by varying reaction temperature, steam/carbon ratio, and excess ratio (ER), respectively. Higher reaction temperature, $700^{\circ}C$ to $900^{\circ}C$, could obtain higher $H_2$ yield. However, we could not obtain any meaning data by varying S/C ratio. Using $O_2$-LNG burner in the top of the gasifier may surpass water-gas shift reaction by increasing $CO_2$ concentration from the LNG-$O_2$ combustion reaction.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.713-716
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• 2007

Interests have been focused to the renewable energy because energy cost of fossil fuel increased and global climate change caused by CO2 evolution became severe. To overcome these problems, it is essential to develop the energy conversion technologies of renewable resources. Therefore, production and utilization state of wood and woody waste was firstly investigated and then various technologies (pyrolysis, gasification, and combustion) converting the wood and woody waste to energy were summarized. Some case studies of woody waste utilization in europe was introduced with the policy of EU countries. Economical aspect of woody waste was compared with the current fossil fuels and the energy policy of wood and woody waste was suggested.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2013

Measurement of the phosphorus concentration in aerosols in Beijing, which was a representative East Asian mega-city, was carried out. The optimum procedure for analyzing phosphorus in aerosols was found in this study. Recovery of phosphorus in environmental samples through the improved method was almost 100%. The concentration of phosphorus in TSP was $145{\pm}47\;ng/m^3$, with a seasonal variation showing high concentrations in winter and low concentrations in summer. The concentrations of phosphorus in $PM_{2.5}$ accounted for $35{\pm}6%$ of those in TSP, with no seasonal variations. The major source of phosphorus in aerosols in Beijing was soil dust, and additional sources of phosphorus in fine particles could be coal combustion and biomass burning.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2012년도 제44회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.235-237
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• 2012

Geodae-Uksae 1 is a variety of Miscanthus sacchariflorus recently discovered in Korea. It is being mass-cultivated for use as energy crop due to its superior productivity, as high as 30 ton/ha/yr for the dry mass. This study investigates the method of producing biochar and bio-oil from the crop using slow pyrolysis. Especially, the study focused on assessing the biochar properties for its application to soil to improve soil quality and sequestrate carbon. Using an electrically heated packed bed reactor, the products of slow pyrolysis from Geodae-Uksae 1 were produced over a temperature range of $300-700^{\circ}C$ with a heating rate of $10^{\circ}C/min$. The biochar, condensable vapor (bio-oil) and residual gases were characterized for the physical and chemical properties. It was concluded that the ideal temperature for pyrolysis to produce biochar is $500^{\circ}C$.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.96-106
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• 2017

In this study, measurements of size-segregated particulate matter (PM) emitted from the combustion of rice straw, pine needles, and sesame stem were conducted in a laboratory chamber. The collected samples were used to analyze amounts of organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), humic-like substances (HULIS), and ionic species. The light absorption properties of size-resolved water extracts were measured using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. A solid-phase extraction method was first used to separate the size-resolved HULIS fraction, which was then quantified by a total organic carbon analyzer. The results show that regardless of particle cut sizes, the contributions of size-resolved HULIS ($=1.94{\times}HULIS-C$) to PM size fractions ($PM_{0.32}$, $PM_{0.55}$, $PM_{1.0}$, and $PM_{1.8}$) were similar, accounting for 25.2-27.6, 15.2-22.4 and 28.2-28.7% for rice straw, pine needle, and sesame stem smoke samples, respectively. The $PM_{1.8}$ fraction revealed WSOC/OC and HULIS-C/WSOC ratios of 0.51 and 0.60, 0.44 and 0.40, and 0.50 and 0.60 for the rice straw, pine needle, and sesame stem burning emissions, respectively. Strong absorption with decreasing wavelength was found by the water extracts from size-resolved biomass burning aerosols. The absorption ${\AA}ngstr{\ddot{o}}m $ exponent values of the size-resolved water extracts fitted between 300 and 400 nm wavelengths for particle sizes of $0.32-1.0{\mu}m$ were 6.6-7.7 for the rice straw burning samples, and 7.5-8.0 for the sesame stem burning samples. The average mass absorption efficiencies of size-resolved WSOC and HULIS-C at 365 nm were 1.09 (range: 0.89-1.61) and 1.82 (range: 1.33-2.06) $m^2/g{\cdot}C$ for rice straw smoke aerosols, and 1.13 (range: 0.85-1.52) and 1.83 (range: 1.44-2.05) $m^2/g{\cdot}C$ for sesame stem smoke aerosols, respectively. The light absorption of size-resolved water extracts measured at 365 nm showed strong correlations with WSOC and HULIS-C concentrations ($R^2=0.89-0.93$), indicating significant contribution of HULIS component from biomass burning emissions to the light absorption of ambient aerosols.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.804-815
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• 2019

화석연료의 고갈 및 지구 온난화 등 환경문제에 대응하기 위해 세계는 화석연료를 대신할 에너지에 대한 연구를 진행하였고, 그중 바이오매스가 대체에너지로써 주목받고 있다. 바이오매스는 재생 가능하고 탄소 중립(carbon neutral)적인 특성이 있으나 수분함량이 많고 낮은 에너지밀도를 가지므로 에너지 생산 시스템에 이용하기 위해서는 열화학적 변환 공정이 필요하다. 그중 하나인 가스화는 바이오매스로부터 수소, 일산화탄소, 메탄 등으로 구성된 합성가스(syngas)를 생성시켜 연료로써 이용할 수 있도록 해준다. 그러나 가스화 과정 중에 발생되는 타르와 입자상 물질은 배관, 연소 엔진, 발전 터빈 등에서 막힘 현상을 일으켜 공정 효율을 감소시키는 문제를 야기하므로 제거가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 가스화 공정에서 발생되는 타르를 비롯한 입자물질에 대해 제거 효율이 뛰어난 필터를 사용하였으며, 타르로부터 필터 눈 막힘 현상을 방지하기 위해 pre-coating 기술을 적용하였다. pre-coating에 사용된 물질로써는 소석회와 활성탄(wood char)을 사용하였으며, 타르 및 입자에 대한 제거효율이 소석회 코팅의 경우 86 %, 활성탄(wood char)의 경우 80 %로 나타났다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제41권12호
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• pp.336-344
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• 2017

Background: Because of climate change, interest in the development of carbon pools has increased. In agricultural ecosystems, which can be more intensively managed than forests, measures to control carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) emission and absorption levels can be applied relatively easily. However, crop residues may be released into the atmosphere by decomposition or combustion. If we can develop scientific management techniques that enable these residues to be stocked on farmland, then it would be possible to convert farmlands from carbon emission sources to carbon pools. We analyzed and investigated soil respiration (Rs) rate characteristics according to input of carbonized residue of red peppers (Capsicum annuum L.), a widely grown crop in Korea, as a technique for increasing farmland carbon stock. Results: Rs rate in the carbonized biomass (CB) section was $226.7mg\;CO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$, which was 18.1% lower than the $276.9mg\;CO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$ from the red pepper residue biomass (RB) section. The Rs rate of the control was $184.1mg\;CO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$. In the following year, Rs in the CB section was $204.0mg\;CO_2\;m{-2}h^{-1}$, which was 38.2% lower than the $330.1mg\;CO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$ from the RB section; the control emitted $198.6mg\;CO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$. Correlation between Rs and soil temperature ((Ts) at a depth of 5 cm) was $R^2=0.51$ in the RB section, which was higher than the other experimental sections. A comparison of annual decomposition rates between RB and CB showed a large difference, 41.4 and 9.7%, respectively. The results showed that carbonization of red pepper residues reduced the rates of decomposition and Rs. Conclusions: The present study confirmed that the Rs rate can be reduced by carbonization of residue biomass and putting it in the soil and that the Rs rate and Ts (5 cm) were positively correlated. Based on the results, it was determined that approximately $1.2t\;C\;ha^{-1}$ were sequestered in the soil in the first year and $3.0t\;C\;ha^{-1}$ were stored the following year. Therefore, approximately $1.5t\;C\;ha^{-1}year^{-1}$ are expected to be stocked in the soil, making it possible to develop farmlands into carbon pools.