• 제목/요약/키워드: Biological synthesis

검색결과 1,257건 처리시간 0.03초

알긴산이 연골세포에서 연골 기질의 생성과 전십자 인대 절제술로 유발한 흰토끼의 골관절염에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Alginate on the Production of Type II Collagen in Chondrocytes and on the Osteoarthritic Model of White Rabbits)

  • 강한샘;김광윤;정일;오성덕;김창훈;심봉섭;박근형;오석중
    • 생약학회지
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    • 제38권2호통권149호
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    • pp.101-107
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    • 2007
  • This study was carried out to examine the in vitro effects of alginate (LVA) which is low viscosity alginic acid, on collagen type II synthesis of chondrocytes and the in vivo effect, orally administered, on cartilage degradation. Rabbit articular chondrocytes were cultured in 35 mm dishes and then LVA was treated. The effects of LVA of various viscosity (86.5 cP(LVA1),45.4 cP(LVA2), 21.2 cP(LVA3) and 9.6 cP(LVA4)) and various concentration (50, 100, 200 ${\mu}$g/ml of LVA4) on chondrocytes were determined by western blotting assay for the detection of collagen type II production. In western blotting assay, collagen type II production in chondrocytes were 1.00 in control,0.95 in LVA1, 1.41 in LVA2, 1.57 in LVA3 and 1.58 in LVA4. Collagen type II production of various concentration of LVA4 were 1.00 in control, 1.24 in 50 ${\mu}$g/ml of LVA4, 1.52 in 100 ${\mu}$g/ml of LVA4 and 1.86 in 200 ${\mu}$g/ml of LVA4. Osteoarthritis (OA) was induced in 24 rabbits by unilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) and randomly divided into 6 groups. The experimental group was given oral administration of 0.5 ml/kg of saline(control), 12.5 mg/kg of LVA (A12.5), 25 mg/kg of LVA (A25), 50 mg/kg of LVA (A5O), 75 mg/kg of LVA (A75) and 20 mg/kg of aceclofenac (AC) for 6 weeks after ACLT. All knees were harvested at 6 weeks after surgery and cartilage degradation was evaluated. Cartilage degradation in the control group was significantly more severe than that in the A25, A5O and A75 groups but AC group had no significant changes on the macroscopic grading scale.

배추 (Brassica campestris L.) 제 1엽의 생장조절에 대한 Nitric Oxide의 역할 (The Role of Nitric Oxide on the Growth Regulation of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) Primary Leaves)

  • 함정훈;진창덕
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • 제32권4호
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    • pp.293-300
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    • 2005
  • 배추 유식물 제 1엽의 생장에 미치는 sodium nitroprusside(SNP: NO 공여체)의 생리적 효과를 NO에 의한 세포 분열조절의 가능성 수준에서 조사하였다. 배추 유식물에 서로 다른 농도의 SNP (0, 200, 500 및 $1000\;{\mu}M$)를 8일간 처리하고 배양한 결과 $200\;{\mu}M$ SNP 농도에서 최대 잎 생장을 보이면서 처리농도 의존 방식으로 잎의 생장에 영향을 끼쳤다. 잎의 생장반응과 일치하여, 잎의 엽록소 및 수용성 단백질 함량은 $200\;{\mu}M$농도에서 최대로 증가하여 각각 대조구의 142%와 134%수준을 보였으나, 오히려 $1000\;{\mu}M$처리농도에서는 엽록소의 경우 미미한 감소와 그리고 단백질 함량에서는 13%의 감소가 일어났다. 게다가, 잎 조직의 DNA와 RNA 함량 역시 $200\;{\mu}M$ 처리시 최대로 증가하여 각각 대조구의 142% 및 139% 수준을 보였으나, 반면에 $1000\;{\mu}M$ 농도에서는 각각 대조구의 80% 및 84% 수준까지 감소되었다. 세포벽 합성과 관련된 효소 활성도 변화에서 phenylalanine ammonia-lyase와 guaiacol peroxidase 활성도는 $200\;{\mu}M$ SNP 처리시 대조구에 비해 각각 최대 212%와 134% 증가 하였으나, $1000\;{\mu}M$ 농도에서는 두 효소 활성도 모두 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았다. 결론적으로, 이들 결과는 효과적인 농도에서의 SNP 처리에 의한 배추 제 1엽의 생장 촉진 현상은 세포분열 유도에 대한 NO의 능력에 기인될 수 있음을 제시하는 것이다.

Glutathione S-Transferase에 융합한 재조합 Hybrid Peptide Gaegurin-LL37의 대장균에서의 발현 (Expression of Recombinant Hybrid Peptide Gaegurin4 and LL37 using Fusion Protein in E. coli)

  • 바야르바트 이쉬반질;이재학;이순열
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제40권2호
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    • pp.92-97
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    • 2012
  • 항균 펩타이드(Antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)는 그람 양성, 그람 음성 세균과 진균병원체에 대항하는 생명체에서 중요한 역할을 하는 물질이다. 인간의 Cathelicidin 항균 펩타이드는 임상학적으로 사용할 수 있는 여러 가지의 생물학적 활성을 가진다. 항균 펩타이드의 생산 비용은 재조합 방법으로 낮출 수가 있다. 대장균은 저렴하며 손쉬운 조작이 가능하기 때문에 다른 재조합 단백질처럼 항균 펩타이드의 발현에 훌륭한 숙주가 될 수 있다. 그러나 대장균에서의 항균 펩타이드의 과발현은 항균 펩타이드가 과발현 되었을 때 대장균에 독성을 보일 수 있으므로 어려움이 보고가 되어있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 극복하고자 항균 펩타이드를 Glutathione S-transferase(GST) 결합 단백질에 융합하여 항균펩타이드의 독성을 감소시키도록 설계하여 발현을 시도하였다. 이 때 발현한 항균 펩티드는 LL37과, gaegurin4과 LL37의 잡종 펩타이드 GGN4-LL37(GL32로 명명)를 GST에 융합되도록 벡터를 구축하고 설계하여 대장균에서 GST 융합단백질로 발현시켰다. 융합 단백질은 친화력 컬럼을 사용하여 분리하고 GST를 절단하여 항균펩타이드 만을 분리하였고 분리한 펩타이드는 웨스턴 블롯팅으로 확인하였고 그람 양성, 그람 음성 세균에 대하여 항균 활성을 나타내는 것을 확인하였다.

Physicochemical Characteristics of Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanocomposites Based on Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) for Anti-cancer Drug Delivery

  • Davaran, Soodabeh;Alimirzalu, Samira;Nejati-Koshki, Kazem;Nasrabadi, Hamid Tayefi;Akbarzadeh, Abolfazl;Khandaghi, Amir Ahmad;Abbasian, Mojtaba;Alimohammadi, Somayeh
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.49-54
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    • 2014
  • Background: Hydrogels are a class of polymers that can absorb water or biological fluids and swell to several times their dry volume, dependent on changes in the external environment. In recent years, hydrogels and hydrogel nanocomposites have found a variety of biomedical applications, including drug delivery and cancer treatment. The incorporation of nanoparticulates into a hydrogel matrix can result in unique material characteristics such as enhanced mechanical properties, swelling response, and capability of remote controlled actuation. Materials and Methods: In this work, synthesis of hydrogel nanocomposites containing magnetic nanoparticles are studied. At first, magnetic nanoparticles ($Fe_3O_4$) with an average size 10 nm were prepared. At second approach, thermo and pH-sensitive poly (N-isopropylacrylamide -co-methacrylic acid-co-vinyl pyrrolidone) (NIPAAm-MAA-VP) were prepared. Swelling behavior of co-polymer was studied in buffer solutions with different pH values (pH=5.8, pH=7.4) at $37^{\circ}C$. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles ($Fe_3O_4$) and doxorubicin were incorporated into copolymer and drug loading was studied. The release of drug, carried out at different pH and temperatures. Finally, chemical composition, magnetic properties and morphology of doxorubicin-loaded magnetic hydrogel nanocomposites were analyzed by FT- IR, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: The results indicated that drug loading efficiency was increased by increasing the drug ratio to polymer. Doxorubicin was released more at $40^{\circ}C$ and in acidic pH compared to that $37^{\circ}C$ and basic pH. Conclusions: This study suggested that the poly (NIPAAm-MAA-VP) magnetic hydrogel nanocomposite could be an effective carrier for targeting drug delivery systems of anti-cancer drugs due to its temperature sensitive properties.

Radiofrequency에 노출된 Chlamydomonas sp.의 mycosporine-like amino acids 생합성 유전자 발현 (Expression of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids Biosynthetic Genes in the Chlamydomonas sp. Exposed to Radiofrequency)

  • 황진익;모상현;장만;이건섭;이주연;김동균;이택견
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제14권8호
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    • pp.4086-4092
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    • 2013
  • Mycosporine-like 아미노산(MAAs)은 UV 흡수물질이며, 다양한 해양생물들은 MAAs의 합성과 축적을 통하여 환경 자외선의 직 간접적인 영향을 감소시키는 기능을 진화시켜 왔다. 이 연구에서 우리는 radiofrequency(RF) 발생장치를 제작하였고, 이를 미세조류 배양에 적용하였다. $0.35{\pm}0.05$ mHz의 RF를 Chlamydomonas sp. 배양기에 공급하였고, 정해진 시간(0, 0.5, 1 및 2 시간)에 시료를 채취하였다. MAAs 생합성 관련 유전자인 dehydroquinate synthase homolog (DHQS-like)와 nonribosomal peptide synthetase homolog (NRPS-like) 유전자를 Chlamydomonas sp.로부터 클로닝하였고, RF 노출에 대한 유전자 발현을 qRT-PCR을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 RF에 노출된 Chlamydomonas sp.의 DHQS-like와 NRPS-like 유전자의 발현은 노출 1시간에 각각 1.46 배 및 1.19 배 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 DHQS-like와 NRPS-like 유전자가 Chlaydomonas sp.의 MAAs 생합성을 진단할 수 있는 좋은 바이오마커 후보가 될 수 있음을 의미한다.

섬애약쑥 (Artemisia argyi H.) 추출물의 미백활성 (Whitening Activities of Extracts of Seomaeyakssuk (Artemisia argyi H.))

  • 이해진;임미혜
    • 한국응용과학기술학회지
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    • 제37권2호
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    • pp.241-249
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    • 2020
  • 본 연구는 섬애약쑥(Artemisia argyi H.)의 미백활성을 평가하였다. 섬애약쑥은 증류수와 70% 에탄올로 추출하였으며, 세포에서의 독성평가로 안전함을 확인하였다. 미백활성은 세포내 티로시나아제, 세포외 티로시나아제, 멜라닌 합성저해 및 미백관련 전사인자 감소로 평가하였다.그 결과 50, 100, 200 ㎍/㎖에서 유의한 세포독성이 나타나지 않는 것을 확인하였다. 각 시료의 200 ㎍/㎖ 농도에서 세포 외 멜라닌 생성량의 경우 AAD 45.0%로 유의하게 감소되었으나 AAE는 1.3%로 미미하게 감소되었으며, 세포 내 멜라닌 생성량의 경우 AAD 37.2%, AAE 24.6% 감소되었다. 세포 내 tyrosinase 활성의 경우 200 ㎍/㎖ 농도에서 AAD 49.2%, AAE는 35.6% 감소되었다. 또한 tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2 전사인자 각각은 AAD 63.0%/AAE 58.0%, AAD 60.0%/AAE 56.0%, AAD 59.0%/AAE 53.0%로 감소되었다. 추출물 모두 미백활성에 효과가 있었으나 상대적으로 AAD가 AAE에 비하여 미백효능이 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 향 후 미백 기능성화장품의 원료로써 응용 가능성이 높을 것으로 사료된다.

$^{13}C$$^{15}N$ 안정성 동위원소 비율 분석에 의한 원료의약품에서 에페드린 및 슈도에페드린의 기원 판별 (Discrimination of the Origin of Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine for Pharmaceutical Powder Materials by Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotope Ratio Analysis)

  • 백승경;장문희;;정진일;양원경;최화경;정희선;표명윤
    • 약학회지
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    • 제53권5호
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    • pp.293-297
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    • 2009
  • The abuse of methamphetamine (MA) is one of the most serious drug abuses in Asia. And, the prevention of precursor production for abuse drug is one of the most effective drug control system. Isotope ratio analysis at natural abundance levels have been used to establish the environmental source or the geographic origin of various biological and nonbiological materials. Ephedrine, the precursor of MA, is produced by one of three methods; extraction from Ephedra plants, full chemical synthesis or via a semi-synthetic process involving the fermentation of sugar, followed by amination. We investigated the origin of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine based on the carbon and nitrogen values for nineteen pharmaceutical powder materials (PPMs) obtained from pharmaceutical company in Korea by stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry coupled to an elemental analyser (EA-IRMS). The carbon delta values for the ephedrine and pseudoephedrine were -24.21~-22.72 (mean=-23.72) $^{\cir}/_{\circ\circ}$ and -23.79~-22.71 (mean=-23.48) $^{\cir}/_{\circ\circ}$. The nitrogen delta values were 3.51~5.55 (4.43) $^{\cir}/_{\circ\circ}$ and 2.24~8.22 (5.42) $^{\cir}/_{\circ\circ}$. These results indicate that PPMs are semi-synthetic products. Therefore the origins of ephedrine(natural, semi-synthetic or synthetic) could be discriminated by using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios. we are sure tat this stable isotope ratio analysis can discriminate the origins of precursors of methamphetamine.

누에 수정란 초기발현유전자 데이터베이스 구축 (Gene expression profile of the early embryonic gene of the silkworm, Bombyx mori)

  • 최광호;구태원;김성렬;김성완;전재범;박승원;강석우
    • 한국잠사곤충학회지
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    • 제51권2호
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    • pp.191-196
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    • 2013
  • 본 연구는 누에 수정란 초기에 발현하는 유전자를 대량 선발하고, 유용 유전자의 프로모터를 개발하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 추진하였다. 산란 후 2 ~ 16시간이 경과한 누에알로부터 cDNA 유전자은행을 제작하였다. 제작된 cDNA 유전자은행으로 전체 960개 클론을 무작위 추출하여 부분 염기서열 분석을 통해 EST를 제작하였다. 분석된 652개 ESTs 중 염기서열 상동성 분석을 통해 156개의 기존 알려진 유전자와 178개의 미지의 유전자로 구성된 334개 독립유전자를 최종 선발하여 'eegEST'로 명명하였다. eegEST 분석 결과, 기존 염기서열 정보가 알려진 156개 독립유전자 중 2회 이상 출현한 유전자 수는 143개로 전체의 34%를 차지하였으며, Hsp20.8 유전자(12회)와 ubiqutin-like 유전자(11회)가 가장 높은 출현 빈도를 나타내었다. 또한 eegEST 독립유전자의 추정 기능에 따른 분류에서 곤충 수정란 발생초기에 확인할 수 있는 기관 형성과 관련한 유전자가 전체 24%를 차지하고 있었다. 본 연구에서 작성된 누에 수정란 초기 발현유전자 데이터베이스(eegEST)는 곤충 발생학 연구를 위한 정보제공 뿐 아니라 형질전환누에 제작을 위한 프로모터 개발 연구에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

Gene Expression Biodosimetry: Quantitative Assessment of Radiation Dose with Total Body Exposure of Rats

  • Saberi, Alihossein;Khodamoradi, Ehsan;Birgani, Mohammad Javad Tahmasebi;Makvandi, Manoochehr
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제16권18호
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    • pp.8553-8557
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    • 2016
  • Background: Accurate dose assessment and correct identification of irradiated from non-irradiated people are goals of biological dosimetry in radiation accidents. Objectives: Changes in the FDXR and the RAD51 gene expression (GE) levels were here analyzed in response to total body exposure (TBE) to a 6 MV x-ray beam in rats. We determined the accuracy for absolute quantification of GE to predict the dose at 24 hours. Materials and Methods: For this in vivo experimental study, using simple randomized sampling, peripheral blood samples were collected from a total of 20 Wistar rats at 24 hours following exposure of total body to 6 MV X-ray beam energy with doses (0.2, 0.5, 2 and 4 Gy) for TBE in Linac Varian 2100C/D (Varian, USA) in Golestan Hospital, in Ahvaz, Iran. Also, 9 rats was irradiated with a 6MV X-ray beam at doses of 1, 2, 3 Gy in 6MV energy as a validation group. A sham group was also included. After RNA extraction and DNA synthesis, GE changes were measured by the QRT-PCR technique and an absolute quantification strategy by taqman methodology in peripheral blood from rats. ROC analysis was used to distinguish irradiated from non-irradiated samples (qualitative dose assessment) at a dose of 2 Gy. Results: The best fits for mean of responses were polynomial equations with a R2 of 0.98 and 0.90 (for FDXR and RAD51 dose response curves, respectively). Dose response of the FDXR gene produced a better mean dose estimation of irradiated "validation" samples compared to the RAD51 gene at doses of 1, 2 and 3 Gy. FDXR gene expression separated the irradiated rats from controls with a sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 87.5%, 83.5% and 81.3%, respectively, 24 hours after dose of 2 Gy. These values were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the 75%, 75% and 75%, respectively, obtained using gene expression of RAD51 analysis at a dose of 2 Gy. Conclusions: Collectively, these data suggest that absolute quantification by gel purified quantitative RT-PCR can be used to measure the mRNA copies for GE biodosimetry studies at comparable accuracy to similar methods. In the case of TBE with 6MV energy, FDXR gene expression analysis is more precise than that with RAD51 for quantitative and qualitative dose assessment.

불안 및 스트레스에 대한 간호중재 효과의 메타 분석 (Effects of Nursing Interventions on Anxiety and / or Stress : A Meta-Analysis)

  • 이은옥;송혜향;김주현;이병숙;이은희;이은주;박재순;전경자;정면숙
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.526-551
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    • 1992
  • The purpose of this study was to identify the commonalities of various nursing interventions and effective intervention methods in each intervention through analysis and synthesis of many accumulated research papers. The study analyzed the effects of various nursing interventions on anxiety and /or stress. For this purpose, 64 experimental studies with randomized or nonequivalent control group pre-test-posttest design were selected from journals of medical and nursing schools, the Korean Nurse, the Korean Nurses' Academic Society Journal, the Cetnral Journal of Medicine, the New Medical Journal, the Nurse Monthly, and from theses and dissertations conducted from 1970 to 1991. The selected studies nor classified according to three characteristics : 1) the research samuel, 2) types and methods of nursing interventions, and 3) statistical tests. The following analysis was done : 1) Confirmation of the accuracy of data drawn from each study by paired review, 2) Estimation of the homogenity of pre-test scores of the dependent variable between control and experimental groups warranted the effect size of post-scores, 3) If the homogenity of pre-test scores did not warrant, the change scores from pre-test to post-test were used to estimate the effect size, 4) Use of the effect size of each study among homogenious studies was tested for each intervention method, such as relaxation, information, and touch and /or support. Finally, for the studies not showing homogenity, an ANOVA test was used to identify patterns for each intervention. Some findings are summarized as follow : The effect sizes for relaxation and information were greater than those for touch and /or supportive technique. Studies using random assignment had greater effect sizes than nonrandomized sample studies using the same intervention. For healthy people, group education was more effective than individual teaching. However, for patients, relaxation and touch and /or supportive techniques given on individual basis were more effective than when given in a group situation. Measuring anxiety and stress by biological indicators was less effective than by self-report. Budzynski's relaxation method was the most effective. The more frequently the techniques applied, the larger the effect size. On the bases of these findings, the following recommendations were made : 1. A combination of information, relaxtion, and touch-supportive techniques should be used for greater effect in reducing the level of anxiety and /or stress. 2. Information is the first choice of intervention to reduce the level of anxiety and /or stress of healthy People : other interventions may be added depending on the conditions of the subjects.

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