• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.162-166
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• 2001

The mirtazapine is a relatively new antidepressant that has noradrenergic and specific serotonin antagonist action(NaSSAs). This has been known as one of the most safest drugs because of its few side effects. Until now, there have been only one case report that mirtazapine causes a EPS side effect(restless leg syndrome). But the peculiar mechanism of this drug makes it impossible to explain the exact reasons why the mirtazapine could induce EPS symptoms. Authors observed three cases of mirtazapine induced akathisia. We could not explain the phenomenon the other way except akathisia. So here we presents the three case of mirtazapine induced akathisia and a few possible hypothesis of this phenomenon.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 2003

Criticisms about amyloid cascade hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease(AD) are based on the findings, first, that the degree of dementia does not correlate with the number of plaques, and second, that the neurofibrillary tangle formation seems to predate plaque formation. In addition, neurofibrillary tangle counts correlate well with the degree of cognitive impairment. These findings suggest the independent importance of tau abnormality in AD research which is involved in the neurofibrillary tangle formation. Recently, tau pathology without amyloid deposits and mutations in tau protein gene were reported to be the major pathogenic mechanism in Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration and FTDP-17(frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked with chromosome 17). These data suggest that understanding the causes and consequences of tau dysfunction might give new clinical and therapeutic solutions to many known tauopathies.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.137-143
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• 2006

One of the most widely recognized neurophysiologic endophenotypes for schizophrenia is deficient gating or inhibition of the P50 component of the auditory event-related potential(ERP). A deficit in P50 sensory gating refers to a dysfunction in the mechanism responsible for modulating the brain's sensitivity of filtering out irrelevant or background stimuli, perhaps as a result of dysfunction in inhibitory neural circuits. In this paper, we review the neuronal and genetic aspects as well as medication effects on P50 in schizophrenia.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 1997

Many disorders in neuropsychiatric field demonstrate variable motor disturbances as their clinical feature or in their courses of illness and also due to psychopharmacological treatment. Although association of such motor disturbances with the pathophysiological aspect of various neuropsychiatric illness are still lacking, some form of motor disturbance offer a window through which pathophysiologic mechanism of such illnesses can be viewed. Cognitive control of motor functions are briefly reviewed in this article and the importance and method of motor function assessment in major neuropsychiatric disorders are also discussed. Motor dysfunction of major neuropsychiatric illness such as schizophrenia and mood disorders may offer a chance of a deeper understanding on the pathophysiologic aspect of their clinical presentation.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2013

Toxicoproteomics integrates the proteomic knowledge into toxicology by enabling protein quantification in biofluids and tissues, thus taking toxicological research to the next level. Post-translational modification (PTM) alters the three-dimensional (3D) structure of proteins by covalently binding small molecules to them and therefore represents a major protein function diversification mechanism. Because of the crucial roles PTM plays in biological systems, the identification of novel PTMs and study of the role of PTMs are gaining much attention in proteomics research. Of the 300 known PTMs, protein acylation, including lysine formylation, acetylation, propionylation, butyrylation, malonylation, succinylation, and crotonylation, regulates the crucial functions of many eukaryotic proteins involved in cellular metabolism, cell cycle, aging, growth, angiogenesis, and cancer. Here, I reviewed recent studies regarding novel types of lysine acylation, their biological functions, and their applicationsin toxicoproteomics research.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.2
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• pp.9-14
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• 1961

The formation of sulfide from sulfate has been discussed from the thermodynamic principles. No mechanism of the reaction has been presented. From the stoichiometric and Nernst equations for the conversion of sulfate into sulfide, it was concluded that the formation of sulfide from sulfate can take place more readily if pH of a medium is low. The difficulty of this conversion increases with increasing pH. As pH of a medium increases, the degree of dissociation of H₂S into S= increases and this, in turn, renders the chance of precipitation of sulfide as FeS easier. Higher the pH of a soil or medium, greater is the S= concentration. The concentration of ferrous ion required to remove dissolved sulfide in a medium by forming insoluble FeS decreases with increasing pH. From the theory it was pointed out that an application of lime and iron rich foreign substances to a soil may be effective in causing the removal of dissolved sulfide from solution.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.162-167
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• 1997

There is no doubt that dopamine plays a critical role in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia. However, there appeared some limitations in explaining the complex phenomena of schizophrenia. Recent research data suggest that dysfunction in serotonergic system may be involved. Before the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia became established, the interest in serotonin(5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) as an etiological substrate of this illness occurred. Recently the importance and extent of 5-HT's involvement in the pathophysiology and mechanism of action of antipsychotic drug is actively investigated. In recent years, therapeutic success of clozapine and risperidones has increased attention on the interaction between the 5-HT and dopamine systems in schizophrenia. This led to the concept of serotonin-dopamine antagonist for antipsychotics. The authors review the evidence for the role of 5- HT in schizophrenia and serotonin-dopamine interaction.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.152-174
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• 2008

There have been vast amount studies regarding immunologic dysregulation in schizophrenia. The mechanism of immune pathogenesis in schizophrenia still is unclear, even though various immune dysfunction have been reported. We endeavored to report on two major hypothesis on immunologic dysregulation in schizophrenia, the infection hypothesis and autoimmune hypothesis. We went on to focus on the autoimmune hypothesis, which has received the most attention over the years. We explored the accumulated data and the rational behind the autoimmune hypothesis and the implications of the autoimmune hypothesis for future research in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.

• CELLMED
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.24.1-24.4
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• 2016

The emergence of influenza virus and antigenic drift are potential cause of world-wide pandemic. There are some commercially available drugs in the market to treat influenza. During past decade, however, critical resistances have been raised for biological targets. Because of structural complexity and flexibility of target proteins, applying a computational modeling tool is very beneficial for developing alternative anti-influenza drugs. In this review, we introduced molecular dynamics (MD) simulations approach to reflect full conformational flexibility of proteins during molecular modeling works. Case studies of MD works were summarized for the drug discovery and drug resistance mechanism of anti-influenza pharmaceuticals.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.315-317
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• 1993

To understand the molecular structure and pathogenesis mechanism of Korean garlic viruses (GV), virus particles were isolated from field-grown garlic leaves and RNA genome was isolated from them. It was used for constructing cDNA library for GV. Several cDNA clones for GV were isolated and classified into 4 different groups on the basis of cross Southern hybridization. Northern blot analysis of GV RNA with one of these cDNA clones shows that the clone is a cDNA for GV RNA.