• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.240-248
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• 2014

Background: Open heart surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is considered one of the most frequent surgical procedures in which acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent and serious complication. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as an early AKI biomarker after CPB in cardiac surgery (CS). Methods: Thirty-seven adult patients undergoing CS with CPB were included in this retrospective study. They had normal preoperative renal function, as assessed by the creatinine (Cr) level, NGAL level, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Serial evaluation of serum NGAL and Cr levels was performed before, immediately after, and 24 hours after the operation. Patients were divided into two groups: those who showed normal immediate postoperative serum NGAL levels (group A, n=30) and those who showed elevated immediate postoperative serum NGAL levels (group B, n=7). Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 18. Results: Of the 37 patients, 6 (6/37, 16.2%) were diagnosed with AKI. One patient belonged to group A (1/30, 3.3%), and 5 patients belonged to group B (5/7, 71.4%). Two patients in group B (2/7, 28.5%) required further renal replacement therapy. Death occurred in only 1 patient (1/37, 2.7%), who belonged to group B. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that postoperative plasma NGAL levels can be used as an early biomarker for the detection of AKI following CS using CPB. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed to confirm our results.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.210-217
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• 2006

Many types of interspinous distraction devices (IDDs) have been recently developed as an alternative surgical treatment to laminectomy and fusion with pedicle screws for the treatment of the lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). They are intended to keep the lumbar spine in a slightly flexed posture to relieve pain caused by narrowing of the spinal canal and vertebral foramen. However, their biomechanical efficacies are not well known. In this study, we evaluated the kinematic behaviors and changes in intradiscal pressure (IDP) of the porcine lumbar spine implanted with IDD. For kinematics analysis, five porcine lumbar spines (L2-L6) were used and the IDD was inserted at L4-L5. Three markers (${\phi}{\le}0.8mm$) were attached on each vertebra to define a rigid body motion for stereophotogrammetric assessment of the spinal motion in 3-D. A moment of 7.5Nm in flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation were imparted with a compressive force of 700N. Then, IDD was implanted at L3-L4. IDPs were measured using pressure transducer under compression (700N) and additional extension moment (700N+7.5Nm). In kinematic behaviors, insertion of IDD resulted in statistically significant decrease 42.8% at the implanted level in extension. There were considerable changes in ROM at the adjacent levels, but statistically insignificant. In other motions, there were no significant changes in ROM as well regardless of levels. IDPs at the surgical level (L3-L4) under compression and extension moment decreased by 12.9% and 18.8% respectively after surgery (p<0.05). At the superiorly adjacent levels, IDPs increased by 19.4% and 12.9% under compression and extension, respectively (p<0.05). Corresponding changes at the inferiorly adjacent levels were 29.4% and 6.9%, but they were statistically insignificant (p>0.05). The magnitude of pressure changes due to IDD, both at the operated and adjacent levels, were far less than the previously reported values with conventional fusion techniques. Our experimental results demonstrated the IDDs can be very effective in limiting the extension motion that may cause narrowing of the spinal canal and vertebral foramens while maintaining kinematic behaviors and disc pressures at the adjacent levels.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2019

Pruritus (itching) is classically defined as an unpleasant cutaneous sensation that leads to scratching behavior. Although the scientific criteria of classification for pruritic diseases are not clear, it can be divided as acute or chronic by duration of symptoms. In this study, we investigated whether skin injury caused by chemical (contact hypersensitivity, CHS) or physical (skin-scratching stimulation, SSS) stimuli causes initial pruritus and analyzed gene expression profiles systemically to determine how changes in skin gene expression in the affected area are related to itching. In both CHS and SSS, we ranked the Gene Ontology Biological Process terms that are generally associated with changes. The factors associated with upregulation were keratinization, inflammatory response and neutrophil chemotaxis. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway shows the difference of immune system, cell growth and death, signaling molecules and interactions, and signal transduction pathways. Il1a, Il1b and Il22 were upregulated in the CHS, and Tnf, Tnfrsf1b, Il1b, Il1r1 and Il6 were upregulated in the SSS. Trpc1 channel genes were observed in representative itching-related candidate genes. By comparing and analyzing RNA-sequencing data obtained from the skin tissue of each animal model in these characteristic stages, it is possible to find useful diagnostic markers for the treatment of itching, to diagnose itching causes and to apply customized treatment.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.348-354
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• 2020

Oryeong-san (ORS) is a traditional Korean herbal medicine widely used for renal associated diseases, composed of five medicine herbs; Atractylodes japonica Koidzumi, Cinnamomum cassia Presl, Polyporus umbellatus Fries, Poria cocos Wolf and Alisma orientale Juzepzuk. We studied to improve the convenience of intake and portability by developing modernized dosage forms, and examined the effect on anti-inflammation of ORS. In order to develop the tablet formulation of ORS (ORS-F), the tablets were evaluated on the basis of physical characteristics include diameter, thickness, weight variation, hardness, friability and disintegration. To analyze the marker components of ORS-F, eight index markers from five herbal medicines were chosen. And the method using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode-array detector method was established for the simultaneous analysis. The biological activities were examined the effect of ORS-F on pro-inflammation mediated by LPS-stimulation. The production of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines were determined by reacting cultured medium with griess reagent and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) were investigated by Western blot and RT-PCR. The anti-oxidant activities of OJS-F increased markedly, in a dose-dependent manner. and, The total phenolic compound and flavonoids contents of OJS-F were 10.20±0.09 ㎍/㎎ and 12.86±0.86 ㎍/㎎. OJS-F which is LPS has diminished in the LPS-induced release of inflammatory mediators (NO, iNOS, COX2 and PGE2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) from the RAW264.7 macrophages. Therefore, the developed formulation for tablet of ORS-F provide efficiency and usability, and indicated effect of anti-inflammation.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.542-558
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of Yigong-san on anorexia in children by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: Eleven electronic databases were searched on May 30, 2022 to collect relevant studies. All studies published up to the search date were considered. RCTs reporting the effect of Yigong-san on the treatment of anorexia in children were included. The primary outcome was an improvement in clinical anorexia symptoms after treatment. In this meta-analysis, continuous and binary outcomes were assessed, and the data were presented as the mean difference and risk ratio with their 95% confidence intervals. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. Results: A total of nine studies were included in this systematic review. The treatment group (Yigong-san only or Yigong-san plus conventional treatment) showed a statistically significant effect compared to the control group (conventional treatment only) in total effective rate (Yigong-san only: RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.17, 1.36, I²=0%; Yigong-san plus conventional treatment: RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.18, 1.47, I²=0%), clinical symptoms, some of the anthropometric outcomes, and biological markers related to appetite and growth in children with anorexia. No serious adverse events related to Yigong-san were reported. Conclusions: Yigong-san showed statistically significant effects as a treatment for anorexia in children. However, the number of studies included in the meta-analysis was insufficient, and the herbs contained in the Yigong-san used in the included studies were not standardized. Future research should focus on the implementation of methodologically robust clinical research.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.234-241
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• 2023

최근 세계 여러 나라에서 대마초 및 대마제품을 합법화하고 대마를 이용한 다양한 치료법에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그러나 대마에는 생물학적 효과가 아직 확립되지 않은 여러 화합물들이 포함되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 인간 모유두 세포(HDPC)의 모발 성장에 대한 칸나비디올(CBD)의 효과를 조사하였다. 2,2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) 및 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 라디칼 소거 분석법을 활용하여 CBD의 항산화 활성을 측정하였다. 모유두 세포에서 CBD의 세포생존률은 WST-1 분석법으로 측정하였다. CBD 처리에 의한 모유두 세포에서 모발 성장과 관련된 인자의 발현은 real-time PCR 및 western blot으로 측정하였다. CBD의 항산화 활성 측정결과, DPPH 및 ABTS 자유 라디칼 소거 활성의 IC50 값은 각각 15.46±0.24 μM 및 13.90±0.06 μM으로 뛰어난 활성 산소 제거능을 나타냈다. CBD 처리군은 대조군에 비해 세포 증식이 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 또한 모유두 세포에서 Real-Time PCR과 Western blotting을 통해 모발 성장 관련 인자를 측정한 결과, CBD 처리로 인하여 성장 관련 인자들이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 종합적으로, 항산화 활성이 높은 CBD는 모유두 세포에서 세포 증식을 증가시키고 모발 성장 관련 인자들을 긍정적으로 조절합니다. 이러한 결과는 CBD가 탈모증에 대한 잠재적으로 활용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.107-107
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• 1997

Cytochrome P450 enzymes have been intensively investigated in hepatic tissues and several mammalian cell lines. Compared to most studies about cytochrome P450 isozymes in liver in vivo and hepatic, cell lines in vitro, the study of cytochrome P450IA1 in human breast cancer cells could be very important to understand the mechanism of the regulation of CYPIA1 gene expression and cell growth. MCF-7 human breast cancer cells are well characterized to study estrogen and antiestrogen action due to the fact that they contain high level of estrogen receptor and have biological markers characterized. And also MCF-7 cells express high level of arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase activity and human cytochrome P450IA1 cDNA was cloned from MCF-7 cells. Ah receptor was characterized in many breast cancer cell lines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon such as 3-MC induced the expression of CYPIA1 gene and cytochrome P450- dependent monooxygenase activity. We undertook a study to examine the effect of estrogens and other chemicals on the regulation of human CYPIA1 gene expression in MCF-7 cells via RTPCR analysis, that might help us to understand the mechanism of the regulation of CYPIA1 gene expression and MCF-7 cell growth. Expression vector containing the functional 5'-regulatory region of human CYPIA1 fused to the CAT reporter gene was transfected into estrogen receptor positive MCF-T cells or estrogen receptor negative MDA-MB-231 cells. After these cells were treated with various chemicals, RTPCR was carried out to measure both CYPIA1 mRNA and CAT mRNA levels. 1nM 3-MC increased in both P450 and CAT mRNA levels over those of control by two folds in MCF-7 cells but does not in MDA-MB-231 cells. Estrogen or tamoxifen or retinoic acid or chrysin decreased in both P450 and CAT mRNA levels that were induced by 3-MC in MCF-7 when each chemical was administered with 3-MC concomitantly. These results suggested that the level of CYPIA1 gene expression is modulated with estrogen-related molecules and make it possible to speculate that ER is related to CYPIA1 gene expression and cell growth in breast cancer cells. [Supported by grants from the Korean Ministry of Education ]

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.134-148
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• 2023

Background: The conducting of health effect surveys (HESs) in environmentally contaminated vulnerable areas (ECVAs) by the central and local governments has been increasing apace with the increase in demand for HESs since the Environmental Health Act was enacted in South Korea in 2008. Objectives: This study aimed to review the HESs of residents in ECVAs conducted in South Korea. Methods: An analysis was performed on 125 reports obtained from the Environment Digital Library, PRISM, and local government websites after selecting from 803 projects obtained as ECVAs from the Korea ON-Line E-Procurement System (1997~2021), National Institute Environment Research (2000~2021), and Korea Environmental Industry and Technology Institute (2009~2021). The reports were classified by background (residents' demand, HES, and more), research design (cross-sectional study, cohort, ecological study, and panel), pollution source (abandoned metal mine (AMM), industrial complex (IC), and more), and assessment method of exposure and health effects. The survey area was converted into administrative district codes for geographical mapping. Results: There were 37, 34, 18, and 10 cases associated with AMM, IC, waste incinerators, and coal-fired power plants, respectively. Most of the studies conducted were cross-sectional studies and ecological studies. The proportion of epidemiological investigations by residents' demand showed an increase from 0.0% to 8.9% for the central government while decreasing from 16.7% to 14.3% for local governments after 2008 compared to before 2008. HESs increased at both the central and local government levels since 2014. For the evaluation method, 365 environmental hazards, 319 health outcomes, and 302 biological markers were investigated, with the most commonly investigated items being metals, cancer, and blood metals. Conclusions: HESs of residents in ECVAs in South Korea have been continuously developed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Future improvements are expected, and systematic review and classification of the HESs is warranted.

• 우울조울병
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2012

자살은 다양한 신경생물학적, 심리사회적 요인들이 모두 관여하고 있는 복합적인 행동으로, 유전적 요인과 가족력, 신경생물학적인 특성, 발달 단계에서의 요인들과 성격적 특성 등의 취약한 체질적 소인을 가진 사람들에게서 환경적인 스트레스와 물질남용, 정신질환, 신체질환 등의 영향을 통해 최종적으로 발생하게 된다. 신경생물학의 발달로 인해 자살에는 정신질환과 무관하게 독립적으로 작용하는 유전적 소인이 있으며, 이와 관련된 신경전달물질, 신경호르몬, 신경영양인자, cytokine, 지질 대사의 이상 등이 신경회로의 신호 전달을 교란시켜 자살에 취약하도록 만든다는 사실이 밝혀졌다. 또한 그 중 가장 주된 역할을 하는 인자는 5-HT와 HPA 축의 기능부전인 것으로 생각할 수 있다. 이러한 소견들은 향후 자살의 생물학적 표지자를 설정하고, 임상적으로 자살 고위험군에 대한 조기 개입을 하는 한편 새로운 치료 방법을 개발하는데 많은 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.148-156
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• 2010

마늘 저장병을 일으키는 푸른곰팡이병의 생물적 방제를 위하여 마늘 근면으로부터 부패억제효과가 우수한 Pantoea agglomerans S59-4(Pa59-4)를 선발하였다. 길항균 Pa59-4의 푸른곰팡이병에 대한 적정처리농도는 $10^7\sim10^8$ cfu/$m\ell$이었으며, Pa59-4의 처리효과는 병원균의 접종농도가 증가됨에 따라 감소되었다. 길항균 Pa59-4의 현탁액에 마늘을 침지 처리할 경우 저장 중 부패를 90%억제하였으며, 종구 분의 처리하여 파종하였을 때에도 무처리구 부패율이 86.7%인데 비해 Pa59-4 처리시 부패율이 23.1%로 부패를 현저히 감소시켰다. 마늘처리부위에서의 길항균의 밀도변동을 알아보기 위하여 항생제 마커로서 pimaricin과 vancomycin을 선발하였고 이들 항생제가 포함된 배지상에서 길항균 Pa59-4의 밀도변동을 저온조건과 상온조건으로 나누어 조사하였을 때 상처를 낸 마늘표면에서는 처리 후 30일까지도 밀도가 계속하여 증가하였으며, 저온 조건하에서는 처리 후 15일까지 증가하다가 그 이후에는 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. 길항균 Pa59-4의 산업화를 위하여 증량 제로 white carbon을 첨가하여 만든 미생물제제를 처리할 경우 저장 중 마늘부패를 40~50% 줄일 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로써 길항균 Pa59-4는 마늘저장 중 부패를 줄일 수 있는 유망한 길항균으로 판단되었다.