• 대한한의학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.52-68
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• 2013

Objectives: Hyungsang medicine (HM) is an inspection which emphasizes the relationships between pathological patterns and one's facial or bodily shape, color and movement. The purpose of this study was to review previously published study results of the HM. Methods: The authors reviewed a total of 51 HM-related studies published from 2000 to 2012 found on PubMed and various domestic Oriental medicine journals. Each study was classified into theoretical, diagnostic, or treatment-related category. Results: Theoretical studies were mostly based on the Nei-Ching and Dong-Eui-Bo-Gam texts, and dealt with differences in form between types such as masculine and feminine, the five organ image types, the four-type categorization of body essence, vital energy (Qi), mentality, and Blood, Gallbladder and Bladder, the four-type categorization of fish, bird, horse, and turtle types, and the six meridian types. Research on diagnosis has been performed on diagnostic characteristics of HM, correlation between HM and general coordinative manipulation (GCM), and Hyungsang medicine and ante-disease pattern (未病類型). Studies on treatments could largely be classified as treatments for specific diseases using certain acupuncture or herbal prescriptions based on HM. Treatments were mostly evaluated solely through subjective symptom improvement of patients. Conclusions: Our review results suggest that HM-related studies were focused on the constitutional characteristics and clinical utility of HM. To strengthen the theoretical basis of HM and its clinical utility, clinical trials including randomized, treatment-placebo and blind methods are needed.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2014

Background: Eight positions for new formulations in Jingyuequanshu is a unique classifying system and each position can be presented as a network. Network analysis is an effective method of visualizing the relationship of textual information. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the structure of the eight positions for new formulations in Jingyuequanshu, and to acquire information about composing materia medica. Methods: We constructed an initial database and binary matrix of eight positions for new formulation in Jingyuequanshu, including its herbs and formulations. With this data, we carried out frequency and network analysis. Results: We analyzed each of the eight positions for new formulation, entire positions, and five positions after removing 'causal/cold/hot' positions. We found that the formulas of the causal position are distributed throughout the new formulation, and those of the cold and hot positions are also distributed similarly but the two groups are exclusive to each other. The other 5 positions are distributed exclusively to one another. Conclusions: Eight positions for new formulation of Jingyuequanshu were classified into three axes by exploratory network analysis. One is an axis of causal position, another is an axis of cold/hot positions, and the last is an axis of the other five positions.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.96-105
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• 2013

Objectives: Bi Jeung (비증) is a pain syndrome derivative of pathological patterns of East Asian medicine. The purpose of this study was to develop a self-rated questionnaire for Bi Jeung. Methods: Twelve questionnaire items for Bi Jeung (3 items for the Wind Bi, 5 items for the Cold Bi, and 4 items for the Dampness Bi) were extracted through the literature review. These items were presented to the 18 Korean medical doctors who specialized in pain medicine to conduct two sessions of the Delphi method. The Korean medical doctors were asked to rate the importance of each item for the corresponding Bi syndromes, using a Likert 7-point scale, and were asked to propose which item should be additionally included to increase determinant power to each Bi syndrome. We determined the 4 points of the importance as a cut-off point of each item. Results: Through two sessions of the Delphi method, two items were deleted because their mean values of the importance were below 4 point. Korean medical doctors proposed to add three items for the Bi Jeung. However, the mean values of only two among the three items were over 4 points, so finally 12 items (3 items for the Wind Bi, 5 items for the Cold Bi, and 4 items for the Damp Bi) were determined for the Bi Jeung questionnaire. Conclusions: It is concluded that a 12 item-Bi Jeung questionnaire comprising the three subcategories of the Bi Jeung (Wind, Cold, and Dampness Bis) possesses contents validity through literature review and Delphi methods.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.1183-1189
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• 2017

Objective: Owing to the public availability of complete genome sequences, including avian species, massive bioinformatics analyses may be conducted for computational gene prediction and the identification of gene regulatory networks through various informatics tools. However, to evaluate the biofunctional activity of a predicted target gene, in vivo and in vitro functional genomic analyses should be a prerequisite. Methods: Due to a lack of quail genomic sequence information, we first identified the partial genomic structure and sequences of the quail SH3 domain containing ring finger 2 (SH3RF2) gene. Subsequently, SH3RF2 was knocked out using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/Cas9 technology and single cell-derived SH3RF2 mutant sublines were established to study the biofunctional activity of SH3RF2 in quail myoblast (QM7) cells during muscle differentiation. Results: Through a T7 endonuclease I assay and genotyping analysis, we established an SH3RF2 knockout (KO) QM7#4 subline with 61 and 155 nucleotide deletion mutations in SH3RF2. After the induction of myotube differentiation, the expression profiles were analyzed and compared between regular QM7 and SH3RF2 KO QM7#4 cells by global RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Conclusion: We did not detect any statistically significant role of SH3RF2 during myotube differentiation in QM7 myoblast cells. However, additional experiments are necessary to examine the biofunctional activity of SH3RF2 in cell proliferation and muscle growth.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.146-156
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• 2007

1. The effect of variations in inspiration and expiration times on heart rate variability was studied in 78 healthy subjects (mean age $24.35{\pm}1.92$ years; 47 male) between regulated respiration group and normal respiration group as the control group. 2. The control group followed normal respiration pattern, whereas the regulated group followed three types of respiration pattern. The first pattern was long respiration(E/I ratio 1.6:1), the second pattern was short inspiration followed by long expiration (SILE), and the last pattern was long inspiration followed by short expiration(LISE). The average expiration/inspiration time ratios of SILE and LISE were 1.0 and 3.4, respectively. The respiration rate in the regulated group was approximately 10 cycles/min. 3. Respiration rate and tidal volume are respiratory variables known to modulate RSA. The results of the present study indicate that RSA can also be modulated by a third respiratory variable, the expiration/inspiratory time ratio. In this study, LF, HF, RSA, VLF is increased the most in LISE group compared to the other groups. HF and RSA increased significantly in the long respiration rate and SILE groups. However LF and VLF, which reflects the sympathetic tones, did not increase as much as the LISE group.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.48-60
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• 2007

Palpation of the pulse has been used in Korean traditional medicine since ancient times to assess physical health. Pulse wave contour may be obtained by measuring arterial pressure or blood volume change of skin. The latter is called as Photoplethysmography(PPG) or digital volume pulse(DVP). The PPG signal is measured by a device comprising an infrared light sourece and a photodetector. Although less widely used, this technique deserves further consideration because of its simplicity and ease of use. The contour of the PPG is formed as a result of a complex interaction between the left ventricle and the systemic circulation. It usually exhibits an early systolic peak and an early diastolic peak. the first peak is formed mainly by pressure trasmitted along a direct path from the left ventricle to the finger. The second peak is formed in part by pressure transmitted along the aorta and large arteries to sites of impedance mismatch in the lower body. The contour of the PPG is sensitive to changes in arterial tone and is influenced by ageing and large artery stiffness. Measurements taken directly from the PPG or from its second derivative can be used to assess these properties. In some mathematical approaches, the extraction of periodic components using frequency analysis was tried to analysis of the PPG. But we don't understand yet what kind of factor in the cardiovascular system or human body is related with the respective specific Fourier components of PPG. This review describes the background to measurement principles, representative contour, contour analysis and frequency domain analysis of PPG, and current and future.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2005

Background and purpose: Cardiovascular disease will undoubtedly rise along with the aging of the 'baby-boom' generation. The purpose of this study is to find the new index of the cardiovascular aging. Methods: The effects of aging on the heart and the arterial system are surveyed in the point of structure and function. Results: Arterial stiffening is due to the fatiguing effects of periodic stress on the arterial wall and is the main reason for increasing pulse wave velocity. The systolic hypertension is caused by the early return of wave reflection. The increased after-load by the arterial change leads to the development of left ventricular hypertrophy. The reduction in left ventricular compliance cause the impairments of the diastolic function. In contrast to the lower limb, aging effect in the upper limb are almost due to the ascending aortic pressure wave and the reflected wave from the lower limb. Conclusion: We have the following points. (1) The change of physiological pulse pattern by age can be explained by the early returning of reflected wave. (2) The atrial pulse in old age are generated by the left ventricular hypertrophy.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2011

Objectives: In comparison with functional dyspepsia, food accumulation is known to have wider concept. On this study, we will make a proposal on the concept of food accumulation by a statistical comparison between pyungweesan questionnaire and health related questionnaires. Methods: We studied the similarities between six factors of pyungweesan questionnaire and four health related questionnaires(Rome II criteria of functional dyspepsia, subjective symptoms of fatigue test, beck depression inventory, state-trait anxiety inventory, etc.) using multidimensional scaling. Results and Conclusions: 1. Physical-emotional axis and acute-chronic axis were labelled in a two-dimensional scaling solution. 2. Seup-dam(濕痰) factor and sik-che(食滯) factor of food accumulation were closely related to fatigue. 3. Bi-seup(脾濕) factor of food accumulation was closely related to depression and anxiety. 4. The findings suggest that a concept of food accumulation reflects some aspects of physical fatigue and emotional depression as well as dyspepsia.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.127-140
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• 2011

Objectives: Acupuncture has been shown to relieve pain and modulate biological function by stimulating the organ-specific meridians and enhances parasympathetic activity and suppresses sympathetic activity. The aim of this review is to summarize and understand the effects of acupuncture on autonomic nervous system. Methods: We reviewed a total of 29 studies published from 2000 to 2010 searched by PueMed and various domestic oriental medicine journals to obtain acupuncture studies related with ANS. Each article was classified by ANS measurement index and reviewed for study objectives, outcomes, acupuncture points, experimental and control interventions. Results: In the study of acupuncture about EEG, HRV, SCR, the experiment results are not the same by acupoints. Although same acupoint the results differ by subject's condition. But the study showed some clear tendency. In brief, in normal states acupuncture enhanced either vagal or sympathetic tone depending on the stimulated acupuncture point sites. On the other hand, most of studies demonstrated that acupuncture restored the autonomic dysfunctions in various kinds of tired or stressful states. Conclusions: We reviewed studies that contributed to an understanding of the effects and mechanisms of acupuncture on autonomic nervous system. Although the relationship between acupuncture and ANS response is still uncertain, acupuncture could be a excellent treatment method for modulating autonomic dysfunction.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.187-204
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• 2014

Objectives This study examined the perception and current utilization of Korean medical clinics in South Korea, focusing on university students in their 20s who live in Seoul. In addition, this study investigated methods for improving positive perception on korean medical clinics. Methods The questionnaire consisted of preference, reliability, professionalism, and modernity of korean medical clinics based on previous researches. The data was collected from 203 students of 6 different universities in Seoul through a direct survey from 4th September to 7th September 2013. The collected data were analyzed by the frequency analysis. Results According to the survey, the university students in Seoul have few chances to visit korean medical clinics, and they do not have enough information about korean medical treatment. Also, only few of them have recognized existence of research on korean medical treatment, and most of them request that korean medical care need to be scientifically proven. Conclusion The study implied that if the perception of preference, reliability, professionalism, and modernity regarding korean medical clinics develops by promoting research achievements, an increasing number of university students in their 20s will take korean medical care.