• Journal of ILASS-Korea
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.51-57
• /
• 2008

The objective of this study was to investigate the spray characteristics of commercial biodiesel fuel at various fuel injection conditions. To examine the effect of various factors on the development of a biodiesel sprays, experiments were conducted at the various injection pressures, ambient pressures and blending ratio of bio-diesel fuels. As a result of experimental study, it was shown that the increase of blending ratio of biodiesel had little influence on spray behaviors under applied fuel injection condition in this study. Because macroscopic characteristics of biodiesel-blended diesel fuel were almost same as that of petrodiesel fuels, it was found that the commercial biodisel is applicable to conventional diesel engine.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.235-241
• /
• 2004

This experiment was undertaken to investigate the atomization characteristics of the high viscosity biodiesel blended fuel and ultrasonic energy irradiation one. Test fuels were conventional diesel fuel and biodiesel one. We compared to the characteristics of viscosity and surface tension, SMD between high viscosity biodiesel blended fuel and ultrasonic energy irradiation one. Sauter mean diameter was measured under the variation of the spray distance. Viscosity and surface tension were measured under the variation of the time trace. To measure the droplet size, we used the Malvern system 2600c. Droplet size distribution was analyzed from the result data of Malvern system. Through this experiment, we found that the condition of the ultrasonic energy irradiation situation had smaller Sauter mean diameter of droplet, viscosity and surface tension than those of the conventional situation.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.27-46
• /
• 2023

This paper investigates how interfuel substitution affects carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions with a focus on the use of biodiesel blended fuels. The results show that the Divisia elasticity of diesel demand is the greatest because the transportation sector relies heavily on diesel. Also, while the own-price elasticity of each fuel demand is negative, the results reveal that diesel demand is more inelastic than the demand for gasoline and LPG. Moreover, gasoline is a substitute for diesel and electricity, and diesel is a substitute for LPG and a complement for electricity. Regarding the effects on carbon dioxide emissions, this paper computes the potential CO₂ emissions associated with interfuel substitution using the coefficients of CO₂ emissions. The results show that using biodiesel blended fuels contributes to reducing CO₂ emissions, but it appears that the price-induced interfuel substitution is a main factor affecting CO₂ emissions.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 2010

The objective of this work is to analyze the macroscopic behavior of spray and injection characteristics on the DME blended biodiesel at different mixing ratios by using spray visualization and injection rate measurement system. The spray images were analyzed to a spray tip penetration, a spray cone angle and a spray area distribution at various mixing ratio of DME by weight. The influence of different injection pressure and ambient pressure on the fuel spray characteristics are investigated for the various injection parameters. In order to analyze the injection characteristics of test fuels, the fuel injection rate is measured at various blending ratio. The variation of viscosity of the blended fuel by the mixing of DME fuel shows the improved effect of spray developments. Also, it was found that the injection quantities of high blended ratio were larger than that of lower blended fuel. Also, higher blending fuel showed a faster evaporation than that of mixing ratio of test fuel because kinetic viscosity was changed by blending ratio.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.10-18
• /
• 2016

In the present study, a single cylinder four stroke dual fuel diesel engine was tested to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of various test fuels. The engine was tested in dual fuel mode using diesel and Karanja biodiesel blends as pilot fuel along with Natural gas as primary fuel with a constant gas flow rate under different loading conditions. From the experimentation it was found that smoke opacity and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are at low level for all the prepared test fuels in dual fuel mode but the emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and hydrocarbon (HC) were found higher. In comparison to diesel fuel, by increasing the blend percentage different emission parameters are found to be reduced. At different loading conditions all the test fuels show poor performance in dual fuel mode of operation when compared with single mode of operation with diesel and biodiesel. With increase in gas flow rates, except (NOx) and smoke emissions, the other emission parameters like CO, HC and $CO_2$ values increased for all test fuels. Again, all blended fuels showed lower performance compared to diesel. The maximum pilot fuel savings for diesel was found decreasing with the increase in karanja biodiesel. From the present work it may be concluded that Karanja biodiesel with Natural gas in dual mode can be can used as promising alternative for diesel with some required engine modifications and further research must be carried out to minimize the emissions of CO, HC and $CO_2$.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.155-166
• /
• 2014

This review will be concentrated on the spray characteristics of bioethanol and its derived fuels such as ethanol-diesel, ethanol-biodiesel in compression ignition (CI) engines. The difficulty in meeting the severe limitations on NOx and PM emissions in CI engines has brought about many methods for the application of ethanol because ethanol diffusion flames in engine produce virtually no soot. The most popular method for the application of ethanol as a fuel in CI engines is the blending of ethanol with diesel. The physical properties of ethanol and its derivatives related to spray characteristics such as viscosity, density and surface tension are discussed. Viscosity and density of e-diesel and e-biodiesel generally are decreased with increase in ethanol content and temperature. More than 22% and 30% of ethanol addition would not satisfied the requirement of viscosity and density in EN 590, respectively. Investigation of neat ethanol sprays in CI engines was conducted by very few researchers. The effect of ambient temperature on liquid phase penetration is a controversial topic due to the opposite result between two studies. More researches are required for the spray characteristics of neat ethanol in CI engines. The ethanol blended fuels in CI engines can be classified into ethanol-diesel blend (e-diesel) and ethanol-biodiesel (e-biodiesel) blend. Even though dodecanol and n-butanol are rarely used, the addition of biodiesel as blend stabilizer is the prevailing method because it has the advantage of increasing the biofuel concentration in diesel fuel. Spray penetration and SMD of e-diesel and e-biodiesel decrease with increase in ethanol concentration, and in ambient pressure. However, spray angle is increased with increase in the ethanol percentage in e-diesel. As the ambient pressure increases, liquid phase penetration was decreased, but spray angle was increased in e-diesel. The increase in ambient temperature showed the slight effect on liquid phase penetration, but spray angle was decreased. A numerical study of micro-explosion concluded that the optimum composition of e-diesel binary mixture for micro-explosion was approximately E50D50, while that of e-biodiesel binary mixture was E30B70 due to the lower volatility of biodiesel. Adding less volatile biodiesel into the ternary mixture of ethanol-biodiesel-diesel can remarkably enhance micro-explosion. Addition of ethanol up to 20% in e-biodiesel showed no effect on spray penetration. However, increase of nozzle orifice diameter results in increase of spray penetration. The more study on liquid phase penetration and SMD in e-diesel and e-biodiesel is required.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.80-87
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of ethanol blending ratio and fuel temperature in diesel-ethanol blended fuel on the spray-atomization characteristics in a high pressure common-rail injection system. In this work, a diesel fuel and three blended fuels were used as test fuels. Blended fuels were made by blending ethanol with a purity 99.9% to diesel fuel, from 0% to 30%. In order to keep diesel-ethanol blending stability, 5% of biodiesel fuel as volumetric ratio was added into test fuels. The fuel temperature was controled in steps with 40K, from 290K to 370K. Macroscopic spray characteristics were investigated by analyzing the spray tip penetration and spray cone angle through spray images obtained from visualization system. In addition, in order to study microscopic spray characteristics of ethanol blended fuels, the droplet diameter, was analyzed using the droplet measuring system. It is revealed that the spray tip penetration is similar regardless of ethanol blending ratio. As ethanol blending ratio is increased, the spray cone angle becomes wider. It is shown that the spray cone angle is affected by low viscosity and density of ethanol. As the fuel temperature increases, the spray tip penetration and spray cone angle become shorter and narrower respectively. The SMD of ethanol blending fuels is smaller than that of diesel fuel because of low viscosity and surface tension of ethanol.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.709-717
• /
• 2004

Biodiesel has great potential as an alternative fuel for diesel engines that would reduce air pollution. It is a domestically produced, renewable fuel that can be manufactured from fresh or used vegetable oils, or from animal fats. In this study, a biodiesel fuel derived from rice bran oil was tested as an alternative fuel for agricultural diesel engines. The emissions were characterized for both neat and blended biodiesel fuels, and for conventional diesel fuel. Since this biodiesel fuel contained 11 % oxygen, it strongly influenced the combustion process. The use of biodiesel fuel resulted in lower carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and smoke emissions, without any increase in nitrous oxide emissions. The study demonstrated that biodiesel fuel could be effectively used as a renewable and environmentally innocuous fuel for agricultural diesel engines.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.181-185
• /
• 2014

This paper describes the effect of canola biodiesel blended fuel on the combustion and emission characteristics in a four cylinder CRDI(Common-rail direct injection) diesel engine. In this study, using the biodiesel fuel(20%,40% of biodiesel-canola oil and 80%, 60% of ULSD(ultra low sulfur diesel) by volume ratio with change of engine speed and injection pressure. The experiment results of increasing biodiesel ratio fuel show that NOx emissions increased. However, soot emission were reduced BC fuels compared to ULSD. Soot emissions largely increased at low injection pressure.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.287-293
• /
• 2015

The current study has investigated the effects of biodiesel blended with gasoline on the spray characteristics in a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber (CVCC). With the concentration of 5, 10, 15 and 20% by volume, biodiesel was blended with commercial gasoline and performed on the macroscopic visualization test. Pure gasoline and biodiesel were also tested as the reference. The shadowgraph technique was conducted in the constant volume chamber. The spray images were recorded by a high speed video camera with frame speed 10,000 frame per second. Fuel injection was set at 800, 1000 and 1,350 bar with the simulated speed 1,500 and 2,000 rpm. The back pressure was controlled at 20 bar. The spray angle and penetration tip were measured and analyzed by using the image processing. At the high injection pressure, the spray penetration length with the simulated speed 1,500 rpm showed that B100 was lower than GB00-20 whereas the spray penetration length with the simulated speed 2,000 rpm exhibited that GB blends and B100 were insignificantly different. Due to biodiesel concentration, its effects on spray angles were observed throughout injection periods (T1, T2 and T3). At the simulated speed 1,500 rpm, the spray angle of GB blends and B100 presented the same pattern following injection timing. In addition, when the simulated speed increased to 2,000 rpm the different spray angle of all blends disappeared at main injection (T3).