• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.115-126
• /
• 1998

In use of anaerobic bioconversion shellfish wastes present special problems, since the chitinous structures in the shell faction degrade very slowly in an anaerobic environment. Enzymatic pretreatment method was evaluated for improving the anaerobic bioconversion potential of blue crab processing wastes. An enzymatic pretreatment using chitinase enhanced the ultimate methane yield and biodergradation rate constant for total crab solid wastes by 15% and 19% respectively, above those of the untreated wastes. When the enzymatic pretreatment applied to the shell fraction alone, it resulted in increase of 34% in the ultimate methane yield and 38% in the reaction rate. The results indicate that anaerobic bioconversion of these wastes is technically feasible and enzymatic pretreatment will improve the efficiency of the process.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.145-152
• /
• 2021

Microbial bioconversion using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) provides several human health benefits. Although whey and whey-derived bioactive compounds can contribute to an improvement in human health, the potential anti-obesity effect of whey bioconversion by LAB has not been well studied. This study aimed to investigate whether bioconversion of whey by Pediococcus pentosaceus KI31 and Lactobacillus sakei KI36 (KI31-W and KI36-W, respectively) inhibits 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. Both KI31-W and KI36-W reduced intracellular lipid accumulation significantly, without decreasing 3T3-L1 preadipocyte proliferation. In addition, obesity-related transcription factor (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ) and genes (adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein and lipoprotein lipase) were down-regulated significantly in 3T3-L1 cells in the presence of KI31-W and KI36-W. Collectively, these results suggest that bioconversion of whey by LAB exhibits anti-adipogenic activity and may be applied as a therapeutic agent for obesity.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.41 no.6
• /
• pp.905-922
• /
• 2021

Novel bioactive metabolites have been developed through a bioconversion of dairy products or other foods using probiotics isolated from dairy products or other fermented foods. These probiotics-mediated bioconversion (PMB) metabolites show antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, epithelial barrier, and anticancer activities. In addition, the effect of PMB metabolites in periodontitis is recently reported in several studies. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by infections, and the tooth support tissue is destroyed. Common treatments for periodontitis include scaling and root planning with systemic antibiotics. However, the overuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms and disturbs the beneficial bacteria, including lactobacilli in the oral cavity. For this reason, PMB metabolites, such as fermented milk, have been suggested as substitutes for antibiotics to reduce periodontitis. This paper reviews the recent studies on the correlation between periodontitis and PMB metabolites and classifies the efficacy of major PMB metabolites for periodontitis. The review suggests that PMB is effective for periodontitis, and further studies are needed to confirm the therapeutic effect of PMB metabolites on periodontitis.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.159-165
• /
• 2006

One of the most economically viable processes for the bioconversion of many lignocellulosic waste is represented by white rot fungi. Phanerochaete chrysosporium is one of the important commercially cultivated fungi which exhibit varying abilities to utilize different lignocellulosic as growth substrate. Examination of the lignocellulolytic enzyme profiles of the two organisms Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Rhizopus stolonifer show this diversity to be reflected in qualitative variation in the major enzymatic determinants (ie cellulase, xylanase, ligninase and etc) required for substrate bioconversion. For example P. chrysosporium which is cultivated on highly lignified substrates such as wood (or) sawdust, produces two extracellular enzymes which have associated with lignin deploymerization. (Mn peroxidase and lignin peroxidase). Conversely Rhizopus stolonifer which prefers high cellulose and low lignin containg substrates produce a family of cellulolytic enzymes including at least cellobiohydrolases and ${\beta}-glucosidases$, but very low level of recognized lignin degrading enzymes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.54-62
• /
• 1997

Disposal of blue crab wastes represents a significant problem to processors, who are limited with respect to acceptable disposal alternatives. Anaerobic bioconversion technology was investigated to determine an environmentally sound and economic disposal method for these wastes. In the study ultimate methane yield for total crab solid waste was $0.180m^3/kg$ VS added and biodegradation rate constant was $0.15day^{-1}$. Methane yield of the bench-scale reactor operated on similar feedstock was $0.189m^3/kg$ VS added and biodegradation rate constant was $0.06day^{-1}$. These results indicate that anaerobic bioconversion of blue crab wastes was technically feasible. Use of anaerobic bioconversion technology can be an attractive option for blue crab processing waste management. The by-product methane gas could be used for maintainign a number of processing operations (i.e., heat for cooking, or keeping temperature of digester constant).

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2018.10a
• /
• pp.116-116
• /
• 2018

Bioconversion, the enzymatic process by microorganism on organic precursor to desired products. The natural extract is converted into a form that can be easily absorbed into the skin, while scaling up of to higher quantity is possible. Selection of naturally processed raw material rather than chemically processed is preferred. Therefore, fermentation was carried out by mixing Rubus coreanus Miquel, soybean, Zanthoxylum schinifolium as bioconverting materials, the possibility of inflammation, whitening material were checked. In this study, useful microorganisms were isolated from various salted fish, and 16S rDNA sequence was analyzed to confirm their genetic characteristics. Combining the three natural materials using bioconversion technology to study their activity before and after fermentation. To evaluate the antioxidant activity and the active ingredient content the DPPH radical scavenging activity and the total polyphenol content were examined. Raw 264.7 cells were used to evaluate MTT assay, NO and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production inhibitory activity. Also, to evaluate the whitening activity, tyrosinase inhibitory activity and melanin formation inhibitory activity were measured using B16F10 cells. In total 34 strains were obtained from various salted fish. The effective strains useful for the bioconversion process, showed that DPPH radical scavenging ability and polyphenol content were increased in the two kinds of microbial treatment groups compared to the untreated group. 16S rDNA sequencing analysis of the strains showed excellent in Pediococcus pentosaceus B1 in comparison. An increase of up-to 156% in anti-oxidative activity and 141% in polyphenol content was observed after bioconversion. In addition, after mixed fermentation the toxidty of Raw 264.7 and B16F10 cells tended to decrease and a significant increase was observed in anti-inflammatory activity as well. Also, tyrosinase activity and melanin significantly. synthesis decreased significantly.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.368-375
• /
• 2014

Red ginseng (Panax ginseng), a Korean traditional medicinal plant, contains a variety of ginsenosides as major functional components. It is necessary to remove sugar moieties from the major ginsenosides, which have a lower absorption rate into the intestine, to obtain the aglycone form. To screen for microorganisms showing bioconversion activity for ginsenosides from red ginseng, 50 yeast strains were isolated from Korean traditional meju (a starter culture made with soybean and wheat flour for the fermentation of soybean paste). Twenty strains in which a black zone formed around the colony on esculin-yeast malt agar plates were screened first, and among them 5 strains having high ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity on p-nitrophenyl-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside as a substrate were then selected. Strain JNO301 was finally chosen as a bioconverting strain in this study on the basis of its high bioconversion activity for red ginseng extract as determined by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis. The selected bioconversion strain was identified as Candida allociferrii JNO301 based on the nucleotide sequence analysis of the 18S rRNA gene. The optimum temperature and pH for the cell growth were $20{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ and pH 5~8, respectively. TLC analysis confirmed that C. allociferrii JNO301 converted ginsenoside Rb1 into Rd and then into F2, Rb2 into compound O, Rc into compound Mc1, and Rf into Rh1. Quantitative analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography showed that bioconversion of red ginseng extract resulted in an increase of 2.73, 3.32, 33.87, 16, and 5.48 fold in the concentration of Rd, F2, compound O, compound Mc1, and Rh1, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.112-118
• /
• 1997

In previous paper Pseudomonas sp. Ks-96 isolated from the bioconversion into pyrogallol from gallic acid . Continuous bioconversion of pyrogallol was carried out using rotatory disc contactor immobilized Pseudomonas sp. Ks-96 . Enzyme activity of gallate decarboxylase released from Pseudomonas sp. Ks-96 were shown at the highest activity on 24h incubation. Culture media containing gallic acid supplied on the flow rate of 20m${\ell}$/h until thickness of cells wall reached steady state. Bioconversion rate of pyrogallol from gallic acid showed at highest level ranging from 18hr to 36h according to time courses. Continuous bioconversion of pyrogallol using rotating disc contactor was about 82% and 80% between 6 and 8 days at the feeding rate of 300m${\ell}$ per hour in the medium containing 15g/${\ell}$ gallic acid.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.12 no.10
• /
• pp.4434-4442
• /
• 2011

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are reactive and potentially harmful to cells, causing oxidation of lipids, proteins, and DNA. In humans, the deleterious effects of ROS have been linked with aging, carcinogenesis, and atherosclerosis. In order to investigate an antioxidant activity of wood vinegar by bioconversion, we preferentially analyzed the total acidity, acetic acid, pH, and contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids, respectively. Also, we evaluated the scavenging abilities on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, superoxide anion radicals, hydrogen peroxide radicals, and nitric oxide radicals. The total acidity and amount of acetic acid of wood vinegar after bioconversion were lower than those of wood vinegar before bioconversion, but the pH was higher than that of wood vinegar before bioconversion. The contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids of wood vinegar after bioconversion were 11.17 mg/$m{\ell}$ and 0.42 mg/$m{\ell}$, respectively. The $SC_{50}$ values were in order of superoxide anion radical scavenging activity < DPPH radical scavenging activity < hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity < nitric oxide radical scavenging activity. Therefore, these results suggest that wood vinegar by bioconversion can be useful as primary antioxidants for medicines and cosmetics.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.51 no.1
• /
• pp.83-92
• /
• 2023

In this study, bioconversion of rutin to quercetin was confirmed by the fermentation of Korean indigenous probiotics and tartary buckwheat. Based on whole genome sequencing of 17 probiotics species, α-rhamnosidase, related to bioconversion of isoquercetin (quercetin 3-β-D glucoside) from rutin, is identified in the genome of CBT BG7, LC5, LR5, LP3, LA1, and LGA1. β-Glucosidase, related to bioconversion of isoquercetin to quercetin, is identified in the genome of all 17 species. Among the 17 probiotics species, 6 probiotics including CBT BG7, LR5, LP3, LA1, LGA1 and ST3 performed the bioconversion of rutin to quercetin up to 21.5 ± 0.3% at 7 days after fermentation. The fermentation of each probiotics together with enzyme complex Cellulase KN^® was conducted to reduce the time of bioconversion. As a result, CBT LA1 which showed the highest yield of bioconversion of 21.5 ± 0.3% when the enzyme complex was not added showed high bioconversion yield of 84.6 ± 0.5% with adding the enzyme complex at 1 day after fermentation. In particular, CBT ST3 (96.2 ± 0.4%), SL6 (90.1 ± 1.4%) and LP3 (90.0 ± 0.4%) showed high yield of bioconversion more than 90%. In addition, such probiotics including high levels in quercetin indicated the inhibitory effects of NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. In this study, we confirmed that the fermentation of Korean indigenous probiotics and enzyme complex together with roasted tartary buckwheat increased the content of quercetin and reduced the time of bioconversion of rutin to quercetin which is a bioactive compound related to anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetes.