• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.14
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• pp.6007-6010
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• 2015

Background: Chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) is a malignant hematopoietic disorder, the most common of all adult leukemias with a distinctive immunophenotype. It is well established that CLL patients can have autoimmune complications, amongst them autoimmune hemolytic anemia as the most frequent. This study was carried out to determine the frequency of direct Coombs Test positivity in CLL patients and its possible correlation with Rai staging, hematological parameters and biochemical markers. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was carried at Liaquat National Hospital from January 2011 to June 2013. Sixty untreated patients with B- chronic lymphoid leukemia were enrolled. Complete blood count, direct Coombs test, serum urea, creatinine, uric acid and LDH levels were determined. Data were compiled and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: Out of 60 patients, 42(70%) were males and 18(30%) were females. Mean age was $59{\pm}9.2years$. Male to female ratio was 2.1: 1. The frequency of direct antiglobulin test (DAT) positivity was found to be 23.3%. The monospecific IgG was positive in 11 patients (18.3%); C3d positivity was evident in 1 patient (1.6%) and 2 patients (3.3%) had dual IgG and C3d positivity. The mean hemoglobin was $10.8{\pm}2.4gm/dl$. Significantly low mean hemoglobin of $8.3{\pm}3.0gm/dl$ was seen in Coombs positive patients compared with negative patients having a mean hemoglobin level of $11.7{\pm}1.6gm/dl$ (P<0.001). DAT positivity also demonstrated a positive association with advanced Rai stage III disease (P<0.01). No associations were noted with age, gender and biochemical markers. Conclusions: Direct Coombs test positivity in CLL in our patients, unlike in Western studies, appears relatively high, indicating significant autoimmune hemolytic anemia and advanced Rai stage in our setting. DAT positivity can be considered as a surrogative marker for advanced clinical disease.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.139-148
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• 2018

Objectives : This study was performed to examine the toxicity on the long term procedure of Aconitum ciliare Decaisne pharmacopuncture(ADP) solution. Methods : To evaluate the long term toxicity of 3 different repeated doses, 60, 150, and 300 mg/kg/day for 13 weeks were injected into BALB/c mice, respectively. The ADP solution was injected into near ST36 of the right leg and normal saline of the same volume was used for the vehicle control group. To evaluate the toxicity of 60, 150, and 300 mg/kg of repeated doses for 13 weeks, toxic symptoms, weight measurement, hematological test, blood biochemical test, visual examination and weight measurement of major organs, and histopathological test were conducted. Results : No significant changes in toxic symptoms, weight measurement, hematological test, blood biochemical test, visual examination and weight measurement of major organs, and histopathological test were observed in different doses of ADP solution treated groups compared to vehicle control group. Conclusions : As a result, repeated dose at a concentration of 300 mg/kg or less is considered to be not harmful for clinical treatment.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.15-29
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• 1992

Vibrio vuln$cus has been recognized as a pathogen of septicemia and wound infection, when the organism attacks high-risk persons with a history of hepatic disease. alcohol abuse. diabetes or any debilitative disease. Forty six strains of K vulnzjicus. isolated from 1025 marine specimens from May to Novemver for three years. from 1985 to 1987. were studied for their biochemical properties. growth requirements, serotype and drug susceptibilities. The isolates were different in their various biochemical reactions. Ninety-five percent of isolated strains were able to ferment lactose, while most strains didn't utilize sucrose in their biochemical test, for example ornithine, gelatin and mannitol were quite dit'ferent composition than those described in other reports. It was found that the biochemical test wasn't useful for identifying strain. The type of somatic 0 antiserum was determined in isolates from marine sources and in patients with Vibrio septicemia. In patient isolates. 1-2 group were 24% and 1-4 group were 42%. However. 02 group(33%) were more abundant in isolates from marine sources. Minimal inhibitory concentrations(M1Cs) of chloramphenicol, tetracycline. erythromycin and ampicillin were determinef for V vuln~ficus by broth dilution method. MIC90 was I , 0.25, :! and 4,ug/ml in patient isolates. 1, 0.25, 2 and 2 ,ug/ml in marine isolates. The divalent chelating agent, IDTA. inhibited the growth of V. vuln!'ficus at 6.25 mMlml of MIC90.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.257-263
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• 2004

This study were carried out to investigate isolation of Pasteurella multocida from respiratory disorder piglets, to examine the biochemical properties and antimicrobial susceptibility. The results were summarized as follows; P multocida was isolated from 31($10.3\%$) of the 302 respiratory disorder or growing piglets of $4{\sim}10$ week olds. The majority of biochemical and cultural properties of the P multocida isolates were identical to those of the standard strains. The isolates were highly susceptible to norfloxacin($100.0\%$), enrofloxacin($96.8\%$) and ampicillin($87.1\%$), but resistant to streptomycin ($77.4\%$), penicillin($61.2\%$) and neomycin($54.8\%$).

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.161-165
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• 1982

Biochemical and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted on 40 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa originated from diseased chicken submitted for diagnosis to this Institute during 1978-80. An extensive study of the biochemical properties revealed that the tested strains can be identified with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiogram showed that all the strains were susceptible to gentamicin, colistin and amikacin but resist to nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, methicillin and kanamycin, and had varing degreed of resistance to other antimicrobials including carbenicillin, sulfomamides, neomycin, streptomycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. Three of the most frequent resitance patterns observed were FM SXT AM ME KM CM TC SM NE SSS Pattern, FM SXT AM ME KM CM TC SM NE SSS CB Pattern and FM SXT AM EKM CM TC SM Pattern, and these resistance patterns contained 72.5% of the tested strains.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2006

It has been reported that taking a proper amount of calcium and vitamin D helps to increase bone mineral density (BMD) and is effective in decreasing the risk of osteoporosis. This study investigated the supplementary effects of calcium and vitamin D on postmenopausal women who had osteoporosis and used calcium and vitamin D supplements. The study subjects consisted of osteoporotic postmenopausal women who were recruited from the Department of Orthopedics in a university-affiliated hospital. Sixty-seven study subjects were orally administrated 1,000 mg of calcium (calcium carbonate) and 2.5 mg of active vitamin D (1-$\alpha$ hydroxyvitamin D) (cholecalciferol 250 IU) twice a day for a year and a half. BMD and biochemical markers were evaluated and repeated every six months. One year after the intervention test, the bone mineral density of the lumbar spine was significantly increased as compared to the baseline. Six months after supplement administration, the level of serum alkaline phosphatase began to decrease, and afterwards a significant difference was maintained Concentration of 1, 25-dihydroxy-vitamin D at 1.5 years was higher than that of the baseline. In comparison with that of the baseline, the level of urinary hydroxyproline in the study subjects over six months was significantly decreased This study continued that effects such as BMD improvement and changes in biochemical markers appeared at least one year after administration of supplements.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.155-161
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• 2008

This study examined effects of the fermented leachate of food waste (FLFW) on nitrogen and phosphorous removal for domestic wastewater containing a low carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio in sequencing batch reactor (SBR). When the FLFW was not supplied in the process, release of phosphorus and excessive intake was not observed at both anaerobic and aerobic stages. On the other hand, when the FLFW was gradually added, active release of phosphorus and intake of phosphorus was noticed at an anaerobic stage and aerobic stage, respectively, resulting in improved phosphorus removal efficiency. The removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus was increased from 75% and 37% (R-1, control test) to 97% and 80% (R-4, the highest substrate ratio test), respectively. In addition, although activity of the nitrogen oxidizing microorganisms was reduced when the reaction temperature was decreased to $10^{\circ}C$, the phosphorus removal efficiency was shown to increase with the addition of FLFW, indicating an independence from temperature. Overall, this study suggests that an efficient nutrients removal process can be successfully employed into a SBR when the FLFW is added to a wastewater which has a low C/N ratio.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.179-186
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• 1979

Rotting bacteria were isolated from decayed root rot of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), cultured purely, and it's pathogenicity was confirmed by reinoculation test. Two strains (E3, E7) were selected to be tested in more detailed study with respect to their morphological, cutural and biochemical characters. The strains causing red rot of ginsneg were identified as Erwinia carotovora.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.349-360
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• 2000

An epidemiological survey was conducted to investigate fowl typhoid outbreaks in Kyungnam province of Korea. The causative agent, salmonella gallinarum was isolated from 68 chicken samples of tentatively diagnosed fowl typhoid cases occurred during the period from January 1996 to September 1999. Comparative studies were also carried out to evaluate the diagnostic methods for detection of S gallinam The results obtained were as follows; 1. Of the 68 cases of tentatively diagnosed fowl typhoid, 56 (82%) cases were determined as fowl typhoid by biochemical test and pathological findings. The other 12 (18%) cases were determined as paratyphoid. 2. Fowl typhoid outbreaks occur continuously all seasons in the year, however the incidence was remarkably increased from May to September. 3. The frequency of incidence of fowl typhoid in terms of regional distribution was relatively high in egg-laying hens facilities, and the mode of transmission is likely to be either egg-to-egg or lateral transfer by wild birds or rats. 4. All of 18 isolates from 56 cases were identified as S gallinarum by biochemical and serological test. 5. Antimicrobial drug susceptibility test against 18 isolates showed that the isolates were highly susceptible to ASH, CZ, CF and GM (above 90%), whereas those strains were 100% resistant to EM, NA and PC. 6. S gallinarum rfbS gene was targeted to be amplified by PCR for comparative detection of S gallinarum in the experimentally infected chickens. The amplified 720bp DNA fragment, which is specific in D serogroup strains of S enterica subspecies was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis. 7. A comparison made between fecal culture and PCR-method revealed that later-method was relatively higher in detection rate than that of former method for S gallinarum. 8. Comparison of currently applied methods, rapid serum agglutination test (RST) and microplate agglutination test (MAT), with experimentally infected chickens were made to evaluate sensitivity of detection by neutralizing antibody titration. Both methods detected neutralizing antibodies from the challenged chickens of 5 day post infection. However, positive reactions were determined after 7 and 9 days post infection by MAT and RST, respectively.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.223-243
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• 2014

Objectives: To provide information on the safety of GST (GamiSasangja-tang; CnidiiFructus, Sophora Root, Angelica Gigas Root, Clematidis Radix, Stemonae Radix, Spirodelae Herba), we carried out a 13-week repeated oral dose toxicity and a 4-week recovery test of GST in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: Female and male rats were treated with GST at oral doses of 1,250, 2,500, and 5000 mg/kg. The GST was administered for 13 weeks. Mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, food consumption, ophthalmologic findings, urinalysis, hematological and biochemical parameters, gross findings, organ weights and histological markers were monitored during the study period. The rats were then monitored for 4 extra weeks to determine recovery time after the study period. Results: We found no mortality or abnormalities among clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, ophthalmologic findings, urinalysis, hematological and biochemical parameters, gross findings, organ weights or histological markers in any of the rats tested. Conclusions: The no-observed adverse effects level (NOAEL) is considered as over 5000 mg/kg for male and female rats.