• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.291-300
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• 1998

Dementia is the neurodegenerative process that affects cognition, behavior and function and one of the most prominent diseases of dementia is Alzheimer's disease(AD). AD is a dementing illness characterized clinically by the progressive and irreversible deafferentation of the limbic system, association neocortex and basal forebrain. A number of conditions are known to be predisposing risk factors for AD. In several of these, initiation of glial-mediated inflammatory pathways as a mechanism of AD is getting a lot of attention. On the other hand, a biochemical marker for monitoring the onset and progression of the disease would be a valuable tool for disease management. Also such a marker might be used as an end point in clinical intervention protocols. This biochemical marker will have the potential for identifying subjects afflicted with the disease and possibly for monitoring the onset and longitudinal progression of the disease. Here we have reviewed the latest papers of different approaches to AD. Of course, there is a section of PET which is very useful clinically nowadays.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.48-56
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was measured to the bone mineral density(BMD) and biochemical bone markers in young women in order to identify the relationship between bone mineral density and biochemical bone markers. Methods: Forty two healthy young women were enrolled. BMD were checked Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry and biochemical bone markers were checked ELSA-OSTEO(CIS bio international, France)analyzed kit, Pyrilinks-D(Metra Biosystems Inc., U.S.A)analyzed kit. Data were analyzed with frequencies, percentages, means, and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: 1) Young women forearm(radius & ulnar) BMD was $0.55g/cm^2$, lumbar($1{\sim}4$) BMD was $0.92g/cm^2$, neck of femur BMD was $0.75g/cm^2$, trochanter of femur BMD was $0.61g/cm^2$, ward's triangle of femur BMD was $0.68g/cm^2$. In biochemical bone marker, Osteocalcin was 21.94ng/ml, Deoxypyridinoline was 11.94nmol/nmolCr. 2) There was no significant correlation between BMD and biochemical bone markers. Conclusion: Results not indicated association between bone mineral density and biochemical markers. As seen in the small sample, future research on BMD and biochemical markers need to studies to the large sample.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.203-217
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• 2014

Bisphosphonates are widely used in the treatment of many medical conditions, such as osteoporosis, multiple myeloma, Paget's disease, etc. However, side effect has been documented in the published data during the past years, osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients receiving long-term bisphosphonate therapy. Although pathogenesis of BRONJ(bisphophonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw) is not yet fully understood, it is currently known to be a disease associated with suppressed bone turnover by bisphopbonate. Recent literature has indicated a similar association with nonbisphosphonate drugs used in cancer therapy including monoclonal antibodies denosumab and bevacizumab and multikinase inhibitor sunitinib. Accordingly, many studies have been carried out on the biochemical markers examination to assess the risk for BRONJ. The treatment of BRONI is reported with a review of the relevant literature. However, there is still a controversial discussion about the adequate treatment. It is necessary to accumulate further studies in order to establish more useful biochemical markers and effective treatment for BRONJ.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.341-351
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• 1999

Biochemical markers of bone turnover has received increasing attention over the past few years, because of the need for sensitive and specific tool in the clinical investigation of osteoporosis. Bone markers should be unique to bone, reflect changes of bone loss, and should be correlated with radiocalcium kinetics, histomorphometry, or changes in bone mass. The markers also should be useful in monitoring treatment efficacy. Although no bone marker has been established to meet all these criteria, currently osteocalcin and pyridinium crosslinks are the most efficient markers to assess the level of bone turnover in the menopausal and senile osteoporosis. Recently, N-terminal telopeptide (NTX), C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) and bone specific alkaline phosphatase are considered as new valid markers of bone turnover. Recent data suggest that CTX and free deoxypyridinoline could predict the subsequent risk of hiP fracture of elderly women. Treatment of postmenopausal women with estrogen, calcitonin and bisphosphonates demonstrated rapid decrease of the levels of bone markers that correlated with the long-term increase of bone mass. Factors such as circadian rhythms, diet, age, sex, bone mass and renal function affect the results of biochemical markers and should be appropriately adjusted whenever possible. Each biochemical markers of bone turnover may have its own specific advantages and limitations. Recent advances in research will provide more sensitive and specific assays.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1632-1637
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• 2006

We studied the changes in biochemical markers of bone metabolism in growing Thoroughbred horses. Serum osteocalcin (OC), as a marker for bone formation, and carboxy-terminal propeptide of type-I collagen (PICP), as a marker for bone formation, carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type-I collagen (ICTP), as a marker for bone resorption, were determined in nine clinically healthy horses from 3 d to 17 mo of age. The BW and withers height (WH) increased during the study. On the other hand, a rapid reduction in body weight gain (BWG) was observed between 1 mo and 9 mo of age and a rapid reduction in withers height gain was observed between 1 mo and 5 mo of age. The serum markers decreased significantly with increasing age. In particular, dramatic changes in serum markers occurred between 3 d to 1 wk and 5 to 7 mo of age in these horses, which suggests that bone turnover rapidly decreased after birth. On the other hand, the ratio of PICP to ICTP decreased through the experiment. This result suggests that the reduction in bone formation exceeded that of bone resorption. There was a significant correlation between markers and growth parameters, except for the correlation between PICP and BWG on single linear regression analysis. Serum OC and ICTP were affected by the WH in multiple linear regression analysis. These results indicated that the age-related variation in serum biochemical markers of bone metabolism reflected bone growth, but neither BW nor BWG. Therefore, we consider that changes in bone modeling are the major factor affecting the levels of serum biochemical markers by 17 mo of age in horses.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.155-163
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• 2004

In our country, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Coronary heart diseases (CHD) are the leading causes of death. It is well known that CHD is multifactorial, involving environmental factors such as diet, level of exercise and cigarette smoking, and inherited factors. According to the statistical data in 2003, the cause of death with the highest mortality was including hypertension, ischemic heart disease and atherosclerosis, which accounted for $24.7\%$ of total mortality. In spite of, there have been few study reports on the change of biochemical markers and mechanisms concerned. The development of biochemical markers is required for an early diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases that are related with dietary habits of Korean people enjoying mixtures of traditional dietary style and westernized food-styles. Therefore, the most efficient cost-saving biochemical marker was established in this study, through analysis of biochemical markers related with dietary habits which are susceptibly being changed in association to cardiovascular diseases from the pre-disease phase, and through reanalysis and assessment of early diagnosis of and preventive effects of diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases by demographical character including sex, age, and socioeconomic level with use of biochemical markers that are identified and selected among the parameters in consideration of the effectiveness and appropriateness of early diagnosis of diseases. The appropriateness of biochemical markers was reviewed by professionals (medical, pharmaceutical area and food/ nutrition area) and CRP(C-Reactive Protein) and was identified to be possible in Korea. It is thought that these biochemical markers may be used as the basic data for early diagnosis and prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) which may be used for Korean people.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.285-294
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• 1992

Biochemical polymorphisms of sow's milk proteins, $\beta$-casein ($\beta$-CN), $\beta$-lactoglobulin ($\beta$-LG), post-lactoglobulin (post-LG), $\alpha$-lactalbumin ($\alpha$-LA) and X-protein, as genetic markers for major pig breeds (Landrace, Yorkshire, Duroc, Hampshire and cross bred) in Korea were determined by starch gel electrophoresis. Phenotype and gene frequencies at all marker loci were estimated and genetic differences among breed populations were analyzed. Three $\beta$-CN phenotypes (AA, AB and BB) controlled by two codominant alleles (${\beta}-CN^A$ and ${\beta}-CN^B$), four $\beta$-LG phenotypes (AA, AC, $AC^{\pm}$ and CC) controlled by two codominant alleles (${\beta}-LG^A$ and ${\beta}-LG^C$) and ten X-protein phenotypes (AA, BB, CC, DD, AB, AC, AD, BC, BD and CD) controlled by four codominant alleles ($X^A,\;X^B,\;X^C\;and\;X^D$) were identified. In addition, a genetically controlled polymorphism of post-LG was found for the first time in sow's milk protein. Three different phenotypes (AA, AB and BB) were designated $post-LG^A$ and $post-LG^B$. Of the five marker loci examined, $\alpha$-LA locus was observed to lack any individual variation in all breeds studied. All populations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for all loci. There were marked breed differences for phenotype and gene frequencies in the post-LG and X-protein marker loci. However, there were little differences between breeds in the gene frequencies at the $\beta$-CN and $\beta$-LG marker loci.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.11-28
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• 2020

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the most important legume crops in Egypt. However, production of faba bean is affected by several diseases including fungal diseases. Fusarium wilt incited by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. was shown to be the most common wilt disease of faba bean in Assiut Governorate. Evaluation of 16 faba bean genotypes for the resistance to Fusarium wilt was carried out under greenhouse conditions. Three molecular marker systems (inter-simple sequence repeat [ISSR], sequence related amplified polymorphism [SRAP], and simple sequence repeat [SSR]) and a biochemical marker (protein profiles) were used to study the genetic diversity and detect molecular and biochemical markers associated with Fusarium wilt resistance in the tested genotypes. The results showed that certain genotypes of faba bean were resistant to Fusarium wilt, while most of the genotypes were highly susceptible. The percentage of disease severity ranged from 32.83% in Assiut-215 to 64.17% in Misr-3. The genotypes Assiut-215, Roomy-3, Marut-2, and Giza2 were the most resistant, and the genotypes Misr-3, Misr-1, Assiut-143, Giza-40, and Roomy-80 performed as highly susceptible. The genotypes Assiut-215 and Roomy-3 were considered as promising sources of the resistance to Fusarium wilt. SRAP markers showed higher polymorphism (82.53%) compared with SSR (76.85%), ISSR markers (62.24%), and protein profile (31.82%). Specific molecular and biochemical markers associated with Fusarium wilt resistance were identified. The dendrogram based on combined data of molecular and biochemical markers grouped the 16 faba bean genotypes into three clusters. Cluster I included resistant genotypes, cluster II comprised all moderate genotypes and cluster III contained highly susceptible genotypes.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.300-308
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• 1988

Human placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), one of the oncofetal antigen was purified from placentas through the procedures including butanol extraction, concanavalin A-Sephar-ose, DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-200 gel chromatography. Monoclonal antibodies (fibs) against human PMP were produced by hybridizing SP 210-Ag 14 mouse myeloma cells with spleen ceils of Balblc mice immunized with PLAP. Six stable monoclones uvere obtained by cloning tuvice in serial dilutions, and the monoclonal speclfidty of these MAbs was confirmed by biochemical and immunonogical criteria. Tumor marker의 하나인 태반형 alkaline phosphatase(PLAP)에 대한 단일 클론항체의 생산과 분석을 위하여, 태반조직을 재료로 butanol 추출법 및 concanavaline A-Sepharose, DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-200 gel 크로마토그라피법에 의하여 PLAP를 순수 분리하였다. 이를 항원으로 하여 하이브리도마 방법에 의해 항-PLAP 단일 클론항체를 생산 분비하는 안정된 6클론세포를 얻었으며 생화학적 및 면역학적 분석방법으로 이들의 단일 클론성을 확인하였다.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.135-144
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• 1996

This study was carried out to clarify the genetic constitution of biochemical polymorphic loci controlling blood protein and enzymes as genetic rnarkers in Korean native chicken(KNG) population Blood samples were collected from 230 KNG representing three colored-lines(reddish-, yellowish- and blackish- brown) raised in Daejeon branch of National Livestock Research Institute. Eight blood marker loci, transferrin(Tf), post-albumin(Pas), albumin(Alb), amylase-1(Arny-1), es-terase-1(Es-1), alkaline phosphatase(Akp), catalase(Cat) and hemoglobin(Hh) were analyzed by using starch, agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Based on the gene frequencies of polymorphic marker loci, the genetic characteristics of KNF population was analyzed, and the genetic ariability within population was quantified. The genetic relationships between KNC and other native fowls or improved breeds were also estimated. The gene frequencies of Tf, Pas and AIb loci were similar to those of improved breeds among the seven biochemical polymorphic loci, while gene frequencies of Cat and Es-i loci were remarkably different between KNC and improved breeds. Gene frequencies of amy-i and Akp loci were similar to those of New Hampshire and Rhode Island Red and White Leghorn, respectively. However in comparison with other improved breeds, great differences were observed in gene frequencies of these loci The average heterozygosity, effective number of alleles and homogeneity index for the seven loci combined were estimated to be .334, 1.639 and .373, respectively. Based on the dendrogram and genetic distances, the KNC was genetically closer to New Hampshire, Plymouth Rock and Rhode Island Red breeds than to the White Leghorn breed.