• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.201-207
• /
• 2021

We have previously reported that Acer tegmentosum extract, which is traditionally used in Korea to reduce alcohol-related liver injury, suppresses liver inflammation caused by excessive alcohol consumption and might improve metabolism. The active ingredient, 6-O-galloylsalidroside (GAL), was isolated from A. tegmentosum, and we hypothesized that GAL could provide desirable pharmacological benefits by ameliorating physiological conditions caused by alcohol abuse. Therefore, this study focused on whether GAL could ameliorate alcoholic fat accumulation and repair liver injury in mice. During chronic alcohol consumption plus binge feeding in mice, GAL was administered orally once per day for 11 days. Intrahepatic lipid accumulation was measured in vivo using a noninvasive method, ¹H magnetic resonance imaging, and confirmed by staining with hematoxylin and eosin and Oil Red O. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured using a Konelab system, and the triglyceride content was measured in liver homogenates using an enzymatic peroxide assay. The results suggested that GAL alleviated alcohol-induced steatosis,e as indicated by decreased hepatic and serum triglyceride levels in ethanol-fed mice. GAL treatment also correlated with a decrease in the Cd36 mRNA expression, thus potentially inhibiting the development of alcoholic steatosis via the hepatic de novo lipogenesis pathway. Furthermore, treatment with GAL inhibited the expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 and attenuated hepatocellular damage, as reflected by a reduction in ALT and AST levels. These findings suggest that GAL extracted from A. tegmentosum has the potential to serve as a bioactive agent for the treatment of alcoholic fatty liver and liver damage.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 2021

[Purpose] In this study, we investigated whether a 70% ethanolic (EtOH) extract of Sargassum horneri had antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells. [Methods] The proximate composition, fatty acids, amino acids, and dietary fiber of S. horneri, various biologically active compounds, and antioxidant activity were analyzed. [Results] The DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activities, as well as the reduction power, of the S. horneri extract used here were significantly increased in a concentration-dependent manner. This indicates that S. horneri contains bioactive compounds, such as phenols and flavonoids, that have excellent antioxidant activity. The cellular viability and metabolic activity results confirmed that the extract had no discernible toxicity at concentrations up to 100 ㎍/mL. The levels of nitrites and cytokines (PGE₂, TNF-α and IL-6), which mediate pro-inflammatory effect, were significantly inhibited by treatment with either 50 or 100 ㎍/mL S. horneri extract, whereas that of IL-1β was significantly inhibited by treatment with 100 ㎍/mL of the extract. Similarly, the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins also decreased according to 50 or 100 ㎍/mL extract concentrations. NF-κB binding to DNA was also significantly inhibited by treatment with 100 ㎍/mL of extract. [Conclusion] These results suggest that 70% EtOH extracts of S. horneri can relieve inflammation caused by disease or high intensity exercise.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.7-15
• /
• 2024

Objectives : This study aimed to predict the effectiveness and potential of Schizonepeta tenuifolia as an anticancer treatment for non-small cell lung cancer through network-based pharmacology and cellular experiment. Methods : To identify the major bioactive compounds in Schizonepeta tenuifolia, we used the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems. The target genes for the cancer treatment were selected using the UniProt database and the networked using Cytoscape. We performed functional enrichment analysis based on the Gene Ontology Biological Process and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathways to predict the mechanisms. To investigate the effect of Schizonepeta tenuifolia on lung cancer cell growth, we treated A549 cells, a lung cancer cell line, with different concentrations of the drug and used the MTT assay for cell viability. Results : Research has shown that the most effective mechanism of active compounds from Schizonepeta tenuifolia is through the pathway of cancer. The results of the network pharmacology analysis indicate that Schizonepeta tenuifolia has potential medicinal value as an adjuvant in anticancer treatment. The concentration-dependent inhibition of cell viability was observed on A549 cells. Furthermore, synergistic anticancer activity with Doxorubicin was also observed. Conclusions : Through a network pharmacological approach, Schizonepeta tenuifolia was predicted to have potential as an anticancer agent, and its efficacy was experimentally demonstrated using A549 cells. These findings suggest that Schizonepeta tenuifolia is a promising candidate for future research.

• Macromolecular Research
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.158-167
• /
• 2002

In order to endow with new bioactive functionality from small intestine submucosa (SIS) powder as natural source to poly (L-lactide) (PLA) and poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) synthetic biodegradable polymer, porous SIS/PLA and SIS/PLGA as natural/synthetic composite scaffolds were prepared by means of the solvent casting/salt leaching methods for the possibility of the application of tissue engineered bone and cartilage. A uniform distribution of good interconnected pores from the surface to core region was observed the pore size of 40~500 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ independent with SIS amount using the solvent casting/salt leaching method. Porosities, specific pore areas as well as pore size distribution also were almost same. After the fabrication of SIS/PLA hybrid scaffolds, the wetting properties was greatly enhanced resulting in more uniform cell seeding and distribution. Five groups as PGA non-woven mesh without glutaraldehyde (GA) treatment, PLA scaffold without or with GA treatment, and SIS/PLA (Code No.3 ; 1 : 12 of salt content, (0.4 : 1 of SIS content, and 144 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ of median pore size) without or with GA treatment were implanted into the back of nude mouse to observe the effect of SIS on the induction of cells proliferation by hematoxylin and eosin, and von Kossa staining for 8 weeks. It was observed that the effect of SIS/PLA scaffolds with GA treatment on bone induction are stronger than PLA scaffolds, that is to say, in the order of PLA/SIS scaffolds with GA treatment > PLA/SIS scaffolds without GA treatment > PGA nonwoven > PLA scaffolds only with GA treatment = PLA scaffolds only without GA treatment for the osteoinduction activity. The possible explanations are (1) many kinds of secreted, circulating, and extracellular matrix-bound growth factors from SIS to significantly affect critical processes of tissue development and differentiation, (2) the exposure of SIS to GA resulted in significantly calcification, and (3) peri-implant fibrosis due to covalent bonding between collagen molecule by crosslinking reaction. In conclusion, it seems that SIS plays an important role for bone induction in SIS/PLA scaffolds for the application of tissue engineering area.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.534-542
• /
• 2023

Background: Ginsenoside Rg1, a bioactive component of Ginseng, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and hepatoprotective effects. It is known that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a key role in the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Recently, Rg1 has been shown to reverse liver fibrosis by suppressing EMT, although the mechanism of Rg1-mediated anti-fibrosis effects is still largely unclear. Interestingly, Smad7, a negative regulator of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway, is often methylated during liver fibrosis. Whether Smad7 methylation plays a vital role in the effects of Rg1 on liver fibrosis remains unclear. Methods: Anti-fibrosis effects were examined after Rg1 processing in vivo and in vitro. Smad7 expression, Smad7 methylation, and microRNA-152 (miR-152) levels were also analyzed. Results: Rg1 significantly reduced the liver fibrosis caused by carbon tetrachloride, and reduced collagen deposition was also observed. Rg1 also contributed to the suppression of collagenation and HSC reproduction in vitro. Rg1 caused EMT inactivation, reducing Desmin and increasing E-cadherin levels. Notably, the effect of Rg1 on HSC activation was mediated by the TGF-β pathway. Rg1 induced Smad7 expression and demethylation. The over-expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) blocked the Rg1-mediated inhibition of Smad7 methylation, and miR-152 targeted DNMT1. Further experiments suggested that Rg1 repressed Smad7 methylation via miR-152-mediated DNMT1 inhibition. MiR-152 inhibition reversed the Rg1-induced promotion of Smad7 expression and demethylation. In addition, miR-152 silencing led to the inhibition of the Rg1-induced EMT inactivation. Conclusion: Rg1 inhibits HSC activation by epigenetically modulating Smad7 expression and at least by partly inhibiting EMT.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.46 no.5
• /
• pp.490-499
• /
• 2008

Statement of problem: Bioactive materials must have the ability to spontaneously form a bone like apatite layer on their surface and induce direct biochemical bonding to bone. A simple chemical treatment via alkali and heat has been revealed to induce bioactivity in titanium. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface characteristics and stability of alkali and heat treated implants. Material and methods: Specimens were divided into three groups; group 1 was the control group with machined surface implants, groups 2 and 3 were treated with alkali solutions and heat treated in the atmosphere and vacuum conditions respectively. The surface characteristics were observed with FESEM, XPS, TF-XRD and AFM. Stability was evaluated with the resonance frequency analysis, periotest and removal torque values. One-way ANOVA and Duncan test were used for statistical analysis. Results: 1. Groups treated with alkali and heat showed similar characteristics. Groups 2 and 3 showed high compositions of Na ions on the surface with sub-micron sized pores compared to group 1. Group 2 showed mixed compositions of anatase and rutile with superior contents of rutile. 2. Resonance frequency analysis : The ISQ of group 2 showed significantly higher values than that of groups 1 and 3 at 12 weeks. The ISQ of groups 1 and 2 showed significant increase after 4 weeks, and the ISQ of group 3 increased significantly after 2 and 4 weeks respectively (P < .05). 3. Periotest: The PTV of groups 1 and 2 showed significant decrease after 4 weeks, and the PTV of group 3 showed significant decrease after 2 and 4 weeks respectively (P < .05). 4. Removal torque analysis: The removal torque value of group 2 was significantly higher than those of groups 1 and 3 at 2, 4 and 8 weeks. The removal torque values of groups 1 and 3 showed increase at 4 and 12 weeks, but the removal torque value of group 2 showed increase after 4 weeks (P < .05). Conclusion: An oxide layer with appropriate crystal structure and amorphous sodium titanate layer can be obtained on titanium implants through alkali and heat treatment in the atmosphere, and even alkali and heat treatment in vacuum conditions, provided a bioactive surface containing sodium. These surface layers can be considered to be effective for enhancement of osseointegration and reduction of healing period for implant treatment.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
• /
• 1990.06a
• /
• pp.36-44
• /
• 1990

The analgesic effect of morphine was antagonized and the development of tolerance was suppressed by the modification of the neurologic function in the animals treated with ginseng saponins. The activation of the spinal descending inhibitory systems as well as the supraspinal structures by the administration of morphine was inhibited in the animals treated with ginseng saponins intracerebrally or intrathecally The development of morphine tolerance and dependence, and the abrupt expression of naloxone induced abstinence syndrome were also inhibited by ginsenoside Kbl , Rba, Rgl and Re. These results suggest that ginsenoside Kbl, Rba, Rgl and Re are the bioactive components of panax ginseng on the inhibition of the development of morphine tolerance and dependence, and the inhibition of abrupt abstinence syndrome. In addition, further research on the minor components of Panax ginseng should be investigated. A single or daily treatment with ginseng saponins did not induce any appreciable changes in the brain level of monoamines at the various time intervals and at the various day intervals, respectively The inhibitory or facilitated effects of ginseng saponins on electrically evoked contractions in guinea pig ileum (U-receptor) and mouse was definers (5·receptor) were not mediated through opioid receptors. The antagonism of a x receptor agonist, U-, iO.488H was also not mediated through opioid receptors in the animals treated with ginseng saponins, bolt mediated through serotonergic mechanisms. Ginseng saponins inhibited morphine S-dehydrogenase that catalyzed the production of morphine from morphine, and increased hepatic glutathione contents for the detoxification of morphine. This result suggests that the dual action of the above plays an important role in the inhibition of the development of morphine tolerance and dependence.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition Conference
• /
• 2004.11a
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 2004

Not all individuals respond identically, or at times in the same direction, to dietary interventions. These inconsistencies likely arise because of diet and genomic interactions (nutrigenomics effects). A host of factors may influence the response to bioactive food components including specific polymorphisms (nutrigenetic effect), DNA methylation patterns and other epigenomic factors (nutritional epigenomic effects), capacity to induce anuo. suppress specific mRNA expression and patterns (nutritional transcriptomics), the occurrence and activity of proteins (proteomic effects), and/or the dose and temporal changes in cellular small molecular weight compounds will not only provide clues about specificity in response to food components, but assist in the identification of surrogate tissues and biomarkers that can predict a response. While this 'discovery' phase is critical for defining mechanisms and targets, and thus those who will benefit most from intervention, its true usefulness depends on moving this understanding into 'development' (interventions for better prevention, detection, diagnosis, and treatment) and a 'delivery' phase where information is provided to those most in need. It is incumbent on those involved with food and nutrition to embrace the 'omics' that relate to nutrition when considering not only the nutritional value of foods and their food components, but also when addressing acceptability and safety. The future of 'Nutrigenomics and Health Promotion' depends on the ability of the scientific community to identity appropriate biomarkers and susceptibility variants, effective communications about the merits of such undertakings with the health care community and with consumers, and doing all of this within a responsible bioethical framework.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.239-244
• /
• 2008

For physiological function of aloe concentrate by ultrafiltration (UF) process, jack bean urease inhibitory activity and bentonite flocculating activity of UF aloe concentrate was investigated and compared with fresh aloe gel. Urease inhibitory activity of UF aloe concentrate ranged from 87 to 90% in 1 mL sample. Also, urease inhibitory activity of UF aloe concentrate increased about 10% by heat treatment showing the heat stability. From Lineweaver-Burk plot for UF aloe concentrate, urease inhibition pattern indicated general non-competitive inhibition. From flocculation test of UF aloe concentrate about 1% (w/v) bentonite suspension, maximum flocclulating activity of 97% was obtained at 0.5 mL addition of UF aloe concentrate/ 5 ml bentonite suspension. However, flocculating activity of 81% was obtained at 1 mL addition of UF aloe concentrate/ 5 mL bentonite suspension, which was typical flocculating behavior of polymers with re-dispersion at overdose area. FT-IR spectra of UF aloe concentrate showed the characteristic patterns of $\beta$-binding polysaccharide and less deacetylation indicating higher level of bioactive polysaccharide content.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.863-870
• /
• 2012

Though hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) causes a deleterious effect to cells with its reactive oxygen species resulting in cell death, S-allyl cysteine (SAC, a bioactive organosulfur compound of aged garlic extract) has been known to have a cytoprotective effect. Few reported profiles of gene expression of $H_2O_2$ and SAC treated human cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). This study revealed changes in the profile of twenty-one genes grouped by oxidative stress, antioxidant, cell death, anti-apoptosis and anti-aging by quantitative real time PCR. A concentration of $100{\mu}M$ of SAC or $50{\mu}M$ of $H_2O_2$ was applied to MSC which show moderate growth and apoptosis pattern. $H_2O_2$ treatment enhanced expression of eleven genes out of twenty-one genes compared with that of control group, on the contrary SAC suppressed expression of eighteen genes out of twenty-one genes except C ros oncogene. SAC decreased expression of oxidative stress genes such as SOD1, CAT and GPX. These results seemed consistent with reports which elucidated over-expression of NF-${\kappa}$B by $H_2O_2$, and suppression of it by SAC. This study will confer basic information for further experiments regarding the effects of SAC on gene levels.