• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제43회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.151-151
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• 2012

A new plasma process, i.e., the combination of PIII&D and HIPIMS, was developed to implant non-gaseous ions into materials surface. HIPIMS is a special mode of operation of pulsed-DC magnetron sputtering, in which high pulsed DC power exceeding ~1 kW/$cm^2$ of its peak power density is applied to the magnetron sputtering target while the average power density remains manageable to the cooling capacity of the equipment by using a very small duty ratio of operation. Due to the high peak power density applied to the sputtering target, a large fraction of sputtered atoms is ionized. If the negative high voltage pulse applied to the sample stage in PIII&D system is synchronized with the pulsed plasma of sputtered target material by HIPIMS operation, the implantation of non-gaseous ions can be successfully accomplished. The new process has great advantage that thin film deposition and non-gaseous ion implantation along with in-situ film modification can be achieved in a single plasma chamber. Even broader application areas of PIII&D technology are believed to be envisaged by this newly developed process. In one application of non-gaseous plasma immersion ion implantation, Ge ions were implanted into SiO2 thin film at 60 keV to form Ge quantum dots embedded in SiO2 dielectric material. The crystalline Ge quantum dots were shown to be 5~10 nm in size and well dispersed in SiO2 matrix. In another application, Ag ions were implanted into SS-304 substrate to endow the anti-microbial property of the surface. Yet another bio-application was Mg ion implantation into Ti to improve its osteointegration property for bone implants. Catalyst is another promising application field of nongaseous plasma immersion ion implantation because ion implantation results in atomically dispersed catalytic agents with high surface to volume ratio. Pt ions were implanted into the surface of Al2O3 catalytic supporter and its H2 generation property was measured for DME reforming catalyst. In this talk, a newly developed, non-gaseous plasma immersion ion implantation technique and its applications would be shown and discussed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1518-1523
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• 2003

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of various feeding regimens on growth performance, nutrient digestibilities, nitrogen retention, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration and feed cost in young pigs weaned at 21 days of age. One hundred twenty crossbred pigs (Landrace${\times}$Large White${\times}$Duroc, average 6.8 kg BW), weaned at 21 days of age, were allotted to 5 treatments in a 5 replicates by a randomized completely block (RCB) design. Treatments were as follow: 1) 1P (1-4 weeks: CP 23% and lysine 1.60%), 2) 2P-I (1 week: CP 23% and lysine 1.60%, 2-4 weeks: CP 21% and lysine 1.45%), 3) 2P-II (1-2 weeks: CP 23% and lysine 1.60%, 3-4 weeks: CP 21% and lysine 1.45%), 4) 2P-III (1-3 weeks: CP 23% and lysine 1.60%, 4 week: CP 21% and lysine 1.45%), 5) 3P (1 week: CP 23% and lysine 1.60%, 2-3 weeks: CP 21% and lysine 1.45%, 4 week: CP 19% and lysine 1.30%). Three different diets were formulated and supplied according to phase feeding programs. Diet 1 contains 23% crude protein and 1.60% lysine, diet 2 contains 21% crude protein and 1.45% lysine and diet 3 contains 19% crude protein and 1.30 lysine, respectively. Although there was no significant difference in growth performances, there was a beneficial effect of 3 phase feeding. The ADG was higher in 3P treatment than other treatments and it was observed clearly in late period (3-4 weeks) than in early period. Also, with increase in age, growth rate of pigs in 3P treatment was higher than that in 1P treatment approximately 37% (p=0.1379). There were no significant differences among all treatments in nutrient digestibility. The concentration of BUN was higher in pigs were fed diet containing 21% crude protein and 1.45% lysine (eg, 2P-1 and 3P) than those supplied diet containing high nutrient value at 2 week. The lowest feed cost/kg weight gain of pigs showed in 3P among treatments (p<0.05) whereas, high feed cost/kg weight gain of pigs was calculated in 1P and 2P-II treatments compared with 2P-I and 2 P-II (p<0.05), because of high milk products were used in those diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.968-978
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• 2003

The effects of monensin, Tween 80 and exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on ruminal fermentation and animal performance were studied in vitro and in vivo. In Expt 1, the effects of the surfactant Tween 80 (0.2% wt/wt, DM basis) on ruminal fermentation of alfalfa, corn and orchardgrass silages were investigated using in vitro gas production techniques. Tween 80 did not affect (p>0.05) cumulative gas production at 24 h, but it reduced (p<0.05) the lag in fermentation of all three silages. With corn silage and orchardgrass silage, gas production rates and concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) were increased (p<0.05) by Tween 80; with alfalfa silage, they were reduced (p<0.05). Tween 80 increased (p<0.05) the proportion of propionate in total VFA, and reduced (p<0.05) acetate to propionate ratios (A:P) with all three silages. In Expt 2, exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (E; at 0, 37.5 or 75 g/tonne DM), monensin (M; at 0 or 25 ppm and Tween 80 (T; at 0 or 2 L/tonne DM) were added alone or in combination to backgrounding and finishing diets fed to 320 crossbred steers in a feeding trial with a $3{\times}2{\times}$2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The backgrounding and finishing diets contained barley grain and barley silage in ratios of 57.8:42.2 and 93.5:6.5 (DM basis), respectively. Added alone, none of the additives affected DM intake (p>0.1) in the backgrounding or in the finishing period, but interactive $M{\times}T$ effects were observed in the finishing period (p=0.02) and overall (p=0.04). In the finishing period, T without M tended to reduce DM intake (p=0.11), but T with M increased (p=0.05) DM intake. Monensin increased average daily gain (ADG) during backgrounding (p=0.07) and finishing (p=0.01), and this ionophore also improved overall feed efficiency (p=0.02). Warm carcass weight was increased (p<0.001) by M, but dressing percentage was reduced (p=0.07). In the backgrounding period, T increased ADG by 7% (p=0.06). Enzymes increased (p=0.07) ADG by 5 and 6% (low and high application rates, respectively) during backgrounding, but did not affect (p>0.10) ADG during finishing, or overall feed efficiency. Whereas T enhanced the positive effects of M on ADG during backgrounding (p=0.04) and overall (p=0.05), it had no impact (p>0.1) on the effects of E. Interactions between M and T suggest that the surfactant may have potential for enhancing the positive effects of monensin on beef production, but this requires further research.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2017년도 춘계공동학술대회
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• pp.8-8
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• 2017

본 연구는 로타리 작업에 따른 105마력급 농업용 트랙터의 소요동력을 분석하기 위하여 수행되었다. 소요동력 측정 시스템은 차축 토크미터, PTO 토크미터, 주/보조 유압센서, 데이터 수집장치를 이용하여 구성하였다. 시험에 사용된 트랙터는 동양물산 105 HP급 트랙터 (S07, TYM, Korea)이며, 작업기는 로타베이터 (SW 230GL, Sungwoo Industrial Co. Ltd, Korea)를 사용하였다. 포장시험은 전라북도 부안군에 죽림길에 위치한 $4,000m^2$ ($100m{\times}40m$) 크기의 경작지 2곳에서 수행하였다. 포장시험 시 작업 단수는 주행단수 L3단 (2.38 km/h)에서 PTO 단수 1단 (540 rpm)과 2단 (750 rpm)으로 설정하였고, 로타리 작업 시 경심은 13 cm 조건에서 실시하였다. 트랙터 작업은 동양물산의 성능시험 업무를 맡고 있는 숙련된 작업자가 숙달된 방법으로 수행하였다. 포장시험지의 토양환경은 임의의 15곳에서 채취한 시료를 이용하여 토성, 함수율, 원추 관입지수에 대하여 미국 농무부 (USDA)법을 기준으로 분석하였다. 토양환경 분석 결과 토성은 Sandy loam (사양토), 평균 함수율은 35.15%, 평균 원추관입지수는 1,562 kPa로 나타났다. PTO 1단 작업 시 트랙터의 평균 소요동력은 차축, PTO, 주 유압, 보조 유압에 대하여 각각 1.8, 54.0, 1.3, 그리고 1.1 hp로 나타났다. PTO 2단 작업 시 트랙터의 평균 소요동력은 차축, PTO, 주 유압, 보조 유압에 대하여 각각 1.2, 79.4, 1.2, 그리고 1.0 hp로 나타났다. PTO 1단 작업 시 소요동력의 합은 58.2 hp로, 정격 마력 (105 hp) 대비 55.43 % 사용한 것으로 나타났으며, PTO 2단 작업 시 소요동력의 합은 82.8 hp로, 정격 마력 대비 78.85% 사용한 것으로 나타났다. PTO 1단 대비 2단에서는 PTO를 제외한 차축, 주 유압, 보조 유압의 소요동력이 감소하였으나, PTO에서 약 1.47배로 크게 증가하여 전체적으로 소요동력이 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 향후 다양한 작업기 및 작업 단수에 따른 소요동력을 분석하여 농업용 트랙터의 모든 부하 조건에 대한 데이터베이스 구축에 관한 연구를 수행할 예정이다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.325-330
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• 2006

Bio-MEMS를 기반으로 microfilter와 백금 전극이 내재되어 있는 microbiochip을 제작하였다. 우리는 이 chip으로 microbead에 indirect ELISA 방법으로 항원-항체를 반응시키고 전기 신호 검출 방법을 이용하여 반응 여부를 판단하였다. 이 때 신호 증폭을 위해 silver enhancer를 사용하였다. Chip 상에서 항원-항체 반응 조건을 최적화하기 위해 pH, temperature, flow time, flow rate, silver enhancer time을 결정하였다. 이렇게 최적화된 조건을 바탕으로 짧은 시간 안에 소량의 시료로 immunoassay를 성공적으로 수행할 수 있었다. 전기 신호 검출 방식을 사용함으로써 biosensor 장비의 소형화와 다중 시료 측정과 자동화를 biosensor에서 적용할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.906-914
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• 2009

The Korean Society of Animal Science (KSAS) was officially born on October 8, 1956 under the leadership of Professor Sang W. Yun of Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea a few years after the end of the Korean War. At that time, there were 0.9 million Korean native cattle, 1.3 million pigs and 8.9 million chickens in Korea. Per capita income for Korea (US$ 66) or China (US$ 59) was about 10% of Asian's average income (US$ 513) in 1956. Korea produced less than 0.2 million M/T of formula feed and consumed 6.1 kg/person/year of animal products. One could say that Korea was an example of an under-developed country in the world. Although the first issue of the Proceedings of the KSAS was published on October 28, 1958, regular quarterly journals of the KSAS were not published until March 1, 1969. Major activities other than publishing its journal were: holding an annual meeting and/or scientific forum at national or international level. The Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (AAAP) was founded on September 1, 1980 at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia with founding members from Australia, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, NZ, Philippines and Thailand. Thirteen AAAP Animal Science Congresses have been held in its 28 year history. Hosting countries were Malaysia (1980), Philippines (1982), Korea (1985), NZ (1987), Taiwan (1990), Thailand (1992), Indonesia (1994), Japan (1996), Australia (2000), India (2002), Malaysia (2004), Korea (2006) and Vietnam(2008). In 1988, significant progress of the AAAP was made by creating an official English journal of the AAAP entitled "Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences (AJAS)" under the initiative of the KSAS. This journal is now published monthly and distributed to more than 50 countries in the AAAP region and the world. It should be mentioned that the KSAS was able to successfully host the $3^{rd}$ AAAP Animal Science Congress in 1985 and the 12th in 2006, as well as the $8^{th}$ WCAP in 1998. During the last 50 years of KSAS history, per capita income of Korea increased to US$ 17,690 (268 fold), formula feed production increased to 15 million M/T (97 fold) and consumption of animal products increased to 105 kg/person/year (17 fold). Cattle, pig and chicken numbers also increased to 2.5 million (2.8 fold), 9 million (7.4 fold) and 119 million (13 fold). This trend was also found for China and Asia, even if the rate of growth was slightly lower than that of Korea. It is expected that a similar rate of growth in economics, animal numbers, formula feed production and animal protein intake will likely be achieved by other Asian countries in the $21^{st}$ century with somewhat lower rate of development than that of Korea.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1006-1013
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• 2014

This study is aimed at examining the usefulness of mugwort as an alternative of western herb by making widely known tomato sauce with mugwort powder added, the ingredient that has a bio-active substance. The control group showed the highest percentage of water from tomato sauce, 89.24%. The sauce with mugwort added in by 2% showed the lowest pH, 4.55. The brightness L value for chromaticity got lower significantly (p>0.001) as the amount of added mugwort increased, and red a value and yellow b value were high in the control group for 18.06 and 16.84 respectively, and got reduced as the amount of added mugwort increased. The salinity was the highest in the sauce mugwort added in by 2% for 1.02. Sugar content and reducing sugar were the lowest in the sauce mugwort added in by 2% for 9.49 and 56.01. As measuring total count change, no microorganism was found until $10^{th}$ day of storage, and was 0% $1.7{\times}10^3CFU/mL$ on the $15^{th}$ day, and no microorganism was found in the 1.5% and 2% added groups. Lastly for 60 days of storage, the control group without mugwort showed the highest microorganism count for $3.1{\times}10^8CFU/mL$ In a sensory test, color was in the 1% added group was 5.28, higher than the control group which showed 4.78, but there was no significant difference. Taste was rated most highly in the 1.5% added group for 5.65. After taste was also rated most highly in the 1.5% added group for 5.8. Overall preference was the highest in the 1% added group for 5.79. From the results, tomato sauce with mugwort added in showed the high storage capacity and was rated highly in the preference test. The possibility of the alternative of western spice and the potential to use Korean spice for other western spice were observed again.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1348-1358
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• 2017

To enhance the physiological activity of the Rhynchosia volubilis (RV), R. volubilis (RVHE-A) and R. volubilis-added herbal powder (RVHE-B) were fermented with a solid state culture of Hericium erinaceum mycelia (HE). The total isoflavone contents of the non-fermented RV-A ($489.9{\mu}g/g$) and RV-B ($571.1{\mu}g/g$) were remarkably increased in fermented RVHE-A ($1,836.4{\mu}g/g$) and RVHE-B ($1,276.7{\mu}g/g$). In particular, aglycone isoflavones such as daidzein and genistein were significantly higher in the RVHE-A than any other sample. When hot-water (HW) and EtOH extracts (E) were fractionated from the RV and RVHE, both extracts from the RVHE-A were higher than those from the RV-A in total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. However, the RVHE-B-HW showed a lower polyphenol and flavonoid content level than did RV-B-HW. RVHE-A-HW and -E also had more potent ABTS radical scavenging activity than any extract from the non-fermented RV and other ferments (RVHE-B). In the meanwhile, RVHE-A-HW potently stimulated the production of macrophage activation-related cytokines such as $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6 and IL-12 ($841.7{\pm}71.3pg/mL$, $3.9{\pm}0.1ng/mL$, $179.3{\pm}30.2pg/mL$) from peritoneal macrophage more than RV-A-HW ($92.5{\pm}1.5pg/mL$, $0.1{\pm}0.0ng/mL$, $37.4{\pm}5.4pg/mL$) as well as RVHE-B-HW ($557.0{\pm}21.3pg/mL$, $1.8{\pm}0.0ng/mL$, $90.0{\pm}10.0pg/mL$). However, all the EtOH extracts did not show significant activity. In addition, the RVHE-A-HW showed a significantly higher intestinal immune system modulating activity through Peyer's patch and GM-CSF production than did any other extract from RV and RVHE-B. In conclusion, these results suggest that the fermented R. volubilis with H. erinaceum mycelia possesses a possible use as an industrial application as functional food or material.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.92-97
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• 2005

Inhibition of inflammatory response, acceleration of basal cell growth, and balanced synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) are important in healing of cutaneous open wounds. In order to evaluate the healing effects of water extracts of Radix Astragali (the root of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.)) on open wound at early stage, the experimental open wounds were generated on the dorsal sides of SD rats under anesthesia. The boiled-water extracts of Radix Astragali $(100{\mu}l)$, soaked into an occlusive film dressing were applied once a day for eleven consecutive days. The healing process was assessed by measuring macroscopic appearance and wound areas of the open wounds. The molecular aspects of healing process by Radix Astragali extracts were also investigated by Hematoxylin-Eosin (H-E) double staining and immunohistological staining of collagen type I in the healed skin area, implying cell density and linear alignment of the granulation tissue, and ECM synthesis and its remodeling, respectively. The Astragali radix extracts were found to significantly accelerate the cutaneous wound healing by suppressing the inflammation and stimulating the basal cell growth in wounded area, as compared to epidermal growth factor (EGF).

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1206-1209
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• 2005

In recent, injection molding process for features in sub-micron scale is under active development as patterning nano-scale features, which can provide the master or stamp for molding, and becomes available around the world. Injection molding has been one of the most efficient processes for mass production of the plastic product, and this process is already applied to nano-technology products successfully such as optical storage media like DVD or BD which is a large area plastic thin substrate with nano-scale features on its surface. Bio chip for like DNA sequencing may be another application of this plastic substrate. The DNA can be sequenced using order of 100 nm pore structure when making the DNA flow through the pore structure. Agarose gel and silicon based chip have been used to sequence the DNA, but injection molded plastic chip may have benefit in terms of cost. This plastic DNA sequencing chip has plenty of pillars in order of 100 nm in diameter on the substrate. When the usual features in case of DVD or BD have very low aspect ratio, even less than 0.5, but the DNA chip will have relatively high aspect ratio of about 2. It is not easy to injection mold the large area thin substrate with sub-micron features on its surface due to the characteristics of the molding process and it becomes much more difficult when the aspect ratio of the features becomes high. We investigated the effect of the molding parameters for injection molding with high aspect ratio nano-scale features and injection molded some plastic DNA sequencing chips. We also fabricated PR masters and Ni stamps of the DNA chip to be used for molding