• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.265-269
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• 2007

The effects of experimental variables for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide by Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase (CODH) were investigated. It shows the pH optimum at 6.3 where the feasibility of electro-chemical reduction and the stability of CODH compromise each other. The optimum temperature for the reduction was at $60^{\circ}C$ where the enzyme shows the optimum activity although the solubility of carbon dioxide decreases as increasing temperature.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.789-790
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• 2010

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.165-169
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• 2008

The effect of reduction of carbon dioxide by CODH(Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase) was compared on glassy carbon and gold working electrodes. In case of gold electrode, the choice of the optimum applied potential is very important since $H_2$ evolution can be mixed with $CO_2$ reduction. On the other hand, efficient $CO_2$ reduction was observed up to -650 mV vs. NHE on glassy carbon in neutral solution due to the larger overpotential for $H_2$ evolution on glassy carbon surface than that on gold surface. The optimum potential for $CO_2$ reduction was found to be $-570{\sim}600\;mV$ vs. NHE. The current efficiency of $CO_2$ to CO decreased dramatically at more negative potential according to the activity of enzyme decrease and the hydrogen evolution.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.36-37
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• 2002

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.96-103
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to develop selenium (Se)- and germanium (Ge)-enriched rice by foliar spray application of organic or inorganic Se and Ge. METHODS AND RESULTS: The time and frequency of organic or inorganic Se and Ge treatment were performed at the five main growth stages as followings: effective tillering stage (E), maximum tillering stage (M), booting stage (B), heading stage (H), grain filling stage (G). The main treatment plots were consisted of (1) 'once' treatment (at each E, M, B, H, G stage, Se/Ge single apply), (2) 'twice I' (at H + G stages, organic or inorganic Se/Ge apply), (3) 'twice II' (at H + G stages, mixture apply of Se + Ge + pesticide). The organic or inorganic Se treatment concentration was 20 and 40 ppm, and the Ge was 50 and 100 ppm. The Se and Ge contents in rice grain (brown rice and polished rice) were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The highest Se content was noted in brown rice 'twice I' with Se 40 ppm (1394.06) at H + G stages, but the lowest was in 'once' with Se 40 ppm ($367.79{\mu}g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) at B stage. The highest of Se content in polished rice was found in 'twice I' of Se 40 ppm (1090.25) at H + G stages, but the lowest was in 'once' with Se 40 ppm ($403.53{\mu}g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) at E stage. On the other hand, The highest of Ge content in brown rice was found in 'twice I' with Ge 100 ppm (398.66) at H + G stages, but the lowest was in 'once' with Ge 100 ppm ($139.64{\mu}g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) at B stage. The highest of Ge content in polished rice was found in 'twice I' of Ge 100 ppm (300.29) at H + G stages, but the lowest was in 'once' with Ge 100 ppm ($142.24{\mu}g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) at B stage. CONCLUSION: Se and Ge contents both in brown rice and polished rice treated with organic Se and Ge forms were higher than those of inorganic Se and Ge. Overall results concluded that the supplementation of organic Se and Ge contents in brown and polished rice contents were comparatively higher than the inorganic Se and Ge. This is results also proved that the foliar spray application of organic Se and Ge has positive nutritive effect on the rice for regular consumption.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.236-244
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• 2022

BACKGROUND: Liquid fertilizers can provide nutrients to crops effectively and quickly. Amino acid liquid fertilizers produced by decomposing the residues of rendered livestock carcasses are expected to be effective in improving the productivity and quality of crops. METHODS AND RESULTS: The treatment conditions for maize cultivation were control (Cn), inorganic fertilizer (IF), inorganic fertilizer and rendering residue liquid fertilizer (IF+RALF), compost (CP), compost and rendering residue liquid fertilizer (CP+RALF). Crop productivity, sugar content, and nutrient uptake were investigated after maize harvest in the field applied with liquid fertilizers. Maize yields ranged from 87.6-158 g/plant, and the yield increased by 7.9% and 12.9% in IF+RALF IF+RALF and CP+RALF than in IF and CP, respectively. The maize sugar content increased in the range of 0.1-0.5 brix % by rendering residue liquid fertilizer (RALF) fertilization, and the sugar content was the highest in CP+RALF. There was no significant change in soil chemical properties of the soil due to liquid fertilizer treatment. CONCLUSION(S): RALF increased yield and sugar content in maize cultivation, and fertilization with organic fertilizers was more effective for maize cultivation than inorganic fertilizers. Residues of rendered livestock carcass can be recycled as amino acid fertilizers, which can be effectively used for crop production and quality improvement.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.709-718
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• 2022

Nitrogen (N) is a vital element in growing crops and is essential for improving the yield and quality of crops. Thus, N fertilizer is the most widely used fertilizer and the primary N input source in soil-crop systems. Inorganic fertilizers such as urea are known to improve crop productivity and increase soil fertility. However, application with excessive amounts can interfere with crop growth and accelerate soil acidification. For these reasons, the use of organic fertilizers, which mainly contain organic nitrogen, has gradually increased worldwide. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of N fertilizer on the growth of Chinese cabbage including its functional compounds glucosinolates (GSLs). For the cultivation of Chinse cabbage, inorganic fertilizer was used for urea, and organic fertilizers were divided into conventional and biochar-based fertilizers. The growth parameters of Chinese cabbage treated by organic fertilizers was better than those of the inorganic fertilizers. Additionally, it was found that their co-application was more efficient. However, their GSL contents were lower with the application of the organic fertilizers. The characteristics of the experimental soil also changed according to the type, amounts and co-application of fertilizers. Therefore, this study presents the basis for an eco-friendly method that can increase the functionality and productivity of Chinese cabbage compared to conventional cultivations.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.106-125
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• 2006

Cesium and strontium are two important fission products and the removal/speciation of these two cations with several inorganic/bio-materials is an interesting topic to discuss. It is to be noted that inorganic materials are found to be fairly effective and efficient in the removal/speciation of these cations. Moreover, these solids are to be found promising as they show fairly good radiation and temperature stability. Hence, they play an important role in the radioactive waste management studies. However, various studies reveal that in addition to inorganic materials various biosorbents can also be employed in the removal/speciation of these ions. But the radiation and temperature stability of these bio-sorbents and dead biomasses are still the topic lying among the researchers to be investigated.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.457-464
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• 2023

The rendering residue generated by rendering disposal, an eco-friendly livestock carcass disposal method, is a useful agricultural resource. Methods for recycling this are being actively researched, and this study investigated the impact of applying rendered residue directly to soil on crop productivity and the agricultural environment. The chemical properties of the rendering residue were examined. The pH, OM, T-N, T-P, CaO, K₂O, and MgO content values were 5.47%, 59.8%, 9.22%, 2.96%, 2.16%, 0.51% and 0.10%, respectively. Treatment conditions were divided into control, inorganic fertilizer, and rendering residue, and rendering residue corresponding to 50, 100, and 200% nitrogen content was applied based on the amount of inorganic fertilizer nitrogen input. Greenhouse gases and ammonia were collected during the cultivation period. Rendering residue increased both the yield and growth of peppers and was effective in improving nutrients such as pH and OM of the soil after harvest. However, compared to inorganic fertilizer treatment, it increased emissions of nitrous oxide and methane as well as ammonia. It is judged that the direct agricultural use of rendering residue is difficult, and a utilization method is needed.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.424-431
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• 2016

The nutrients in livestock manure produced during fermentation processes in public livestock recycling centers are used as fertilizers. However, the large amounts of swine manure produced in intensive livestock farms can be a nonpoint source of pollution. In this experiment, we investigated the chemical properties, inorganic components, and heavy metal contents in 101 samples of liquid swine manure collected from 28 public livestock recycling centers throughout the nation. Results showed that the average pH of the samples was alkaline (pH range 5.18 to 9.54), and their maximum EC was $53.2dS\;m^{-1}$. The amounts of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were in the range of 1000 - 2000 and $200-800mg\;L^{-1}$ while potassium, which constituted 47% of the total inorganic ions recovered from the liquid swine manure, amounted to $1500mg\;L^{-1}$. The most distinctive heavy metals recovered from the liquid swine manure were copper and zinc although the amounts of both heavy metals were much lesser than those of the standards as livestock liquid fertilizer set by the Rural Development Administration. On the other hand, the amount of nitrogen decreased rapidly with an increasing fermentation period from immature to mature, assumed to be lost as volatile compounds, such as ammonia, which are the major odor components during the fermentation process.