• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.2012-2018
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• 2016

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is the main cause of acute myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Plant extracts are considered as useful materials to develop new antiviral drugs. We had previously selected candidate plant extracts, which showed anti-inflammatory effects. We examined the antiviral effects by using a HeLa cell survival assay. Among these extracts, we chose the Amomi Cardamomi (Amomi) extract, which showed strong antiviral effect and preserved cell survival in CVB3 infection. We investigated the mechanisms underlying the ability of Amomi extract to inhibit CVB3 infection and replication. HeLa cells were infected by CVB3 with or without Amomi extract. Erk and Akt activities, and their correlation with virus replication were observed. Live virus titers in cell supernatants and viral positive- and negative-strand RNA amplification were measured. Amomi extract significantly increased HeLa cell survival in different concentrations ($100-10{\mu}g/ml$). CVB3 capsid protein VP1 expression (76%) and viral protease 2A-induced eIF4G1 cleavage (70%) were significantly decreased in Amomi extract ($100{\mu}g/ml$) treated cells. The levels of positive- (20%) and negative-strand (80%) RNA were dramatically decreased compared with the control, as revealed by reverse transcription-PCR. In addition, Amomi extract improved mice survival (51% vs 26%) and dramatically reduced heart inflammation in a CVB3-induced myocarditis mouse model. These results suggested that Amomi extract significantly inhibited Enterovirus replication and myocarditis damage. Amomi may be developed as a therapeutic drug for Enterovirus.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2009

This study was conducted to develop an imaging processing system of inoculation processing of a lily callus. The image processing system was composed of a camera, a image processing board, and etc. And the illuminance always decided by setting up 55W/3 wavelength lamp respectively on all aspects and the side was maintained by the lighting part. The image characteristic was examined according to each frame of RGB,therefore the culture vessel was able to be separated with B frame. The required time was 2.2 seconds in one cycle from the image acquisition to obtaining the result. The recognition rate of the container was 100%, and the result of image processing showed that the recognition success rate of lily callus was 93%.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.10-18
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• 2002

Modern plastics are of great importance in many practical applications and their performance can be enhanced by surface modification to improve their hardness, wear and chemical resistance. The object of this study is invention of functional hardening coating materials which are applied to plastic, such as polycarbonate, polymethylmethacylate and acrylonitrilebutadienestyrene. In order to invention of hardening coating materials, we synthesized new silicone acrylate oligomer and prepared coating films containing silicone acrylate oligomer (SAOE) on PC substrate. The curing of coatings is performed by UV-radiation. As results of experiments, The properties of coating films which are contained SAOE is greatly improved in comparison with coating films non-contained SAOE. Especially, when 1 wt% SAOE was introduced into the coating formulation, the UV hardening coatings obtained showed the best surface hardness and gloss.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1219-1223
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• 2007

The removal of nitrogen compounds from a wastewater is essential and it is often accomplished by bio-logical process. An aerobic nitrate-removing bacterium was isolated from a municipal sewage treatment plant and soil. On the basis of its morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics and 16S rRNA sequencing data, this strain was identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens, and named as P. fluorescens K4. The optimal conditions of the initial pH and temperature of media for its growth were $7.0{\sim}8.0$ and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. P. fluorescens K4 was able to remove 99.9% of nitrate after 24 h in a culture. The strain could grow with a nitrate concentration up to 800 mg/l and was able to remove 99.9% of nitrate after 104 h of incubation. The optimal electron donor was sodium citrate for a nitrate removal. The strain K4 showed a capability of a complete nitrate removal when the initial C/N ratio was 1.0. An effect of the initial seed concentration was observed for a cell of 10% (v/v) for a nitrate removal. Especially P. fluorescens K4 could completely remove 200 mg/l ammonium for 3 days.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.9
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• pp.1461-1466
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• 2013

In this study, we ascertained the characteristics of crude protease extracted from fruits (fig, kiwifruit and pineapple) as well as traditional Korean fermentation starters (bio nuruk, traditional nuruk, meju and rice koji) to determine their suitability for industrial application. Crude protease extracted from traditional Korean fermentation starters was found to have a higher optimum temperature ($70^{\circ}C$) and salt concentration (1~3%) but a lower optimum pH (3~6) value compared to the corresponding values for the protease extracted from fruits. On comparison, the total activities of protease per gram unit follow the order: bio nuruk> rice koji> traditional nuruk> fig> pineapple> meju> kiwifruit. Based on our results, we conclude that protease extracted from traditional Korean fermentation starters has potential for application in food industry, for example, as a meat tenderizer for sausage manufacturing and as a protease for cheese production.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.74-82
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• 2020

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and most frequently diagnosed neurodegenerative disorder. However, there is still no drug preventing the progress of this disorder. β-Amyrin, an ingredient of the surface wax of tomato fruit and dandelion coffee, is previously reported to ameliorate memory impairment induced by cholinergic dysfunction. Therefore, we tested whether β-amyrin can prevent AD-like pathology. β-Amyrin blocked amyloid β (Aβ)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment in the hippocampal slices. Moreover, β-amyrin improved Aβ-induced suppression of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling. LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, blocked the effect of β-amyrin on Aβ-induced LTP impairment. In in vivo experiments, we observed that β-amyrin ameliorated object recognition memory deficit in Aβ-injected AD mice model. Moreover, neurogenesis impairments induced by Aβ was improved by β-amyrin treatment. Taken together, β-amyrin might be a good candidate of treatment or supplement for AD patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.645-650
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• 2019

Skin plays important roles in protecting the internal organs from the chemical-biological risk factors and ultraviolet light. Exposure to the chemical and biological stimuli has a detrimental effect on skin's structure and physiological regulation. Therefore, much attention has been paid to natural products that show biological activities such as anti-oxidation, anti-aging and anti-bacterial activities. In this study, we investigated the skin-related biological activities of Oenothera lamarckiana aerial part extract. The extract contained 229.35 mg TAE (tannic acid equivalents)/g total polyphenolic compounds and the extract showed relative high antioxidant activity ($SC_{50}$ value: $8.52{\mu}g/mL$). The $IC_{50}$ value against tyrosinase and elastase were 307.94 and $181.51{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. This suggested that O. lamarckiana can be applied to whiten skin and slow the aging of skin. O. lamarckiana extract showed a growth inhibitory effect on Staphylococcu epidermidis (minimum inhibitory concentration: $250{\mu}g/mL$). Interestingly, O. lamarckiana extract showed no inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the paper disc assay. Yet the extract inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the broth dilution assay in a dose-dependent manners. Taken together, O. lamarckiana could have good potential for development as an additive in the cosmetic industry.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2003

The UV hard coating materials are attracting more and more attention to modern industry, in terms of the development of low or non solvent coating materials which will contribute to economizing both materials and energy and to reducing pollution. This study was performed in order to invent UV curable coating materials containing colloidal silica which have actual industrial applications. As results of experiments, the oligomers type and the concentration of colloidal silica acrylate oligomer (SAOC) have an influence on various especially, The properties of UV hardening cooling, such as chemical, abrasion resistance and weatherability, were greatly enhanced, the impact properties of coated polycarbonate substrate were improved compared with the noncoated that. The UV cured films containing 30 wt% SAOC obtained showed the best properties.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.817-823
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• 2011

Angelicae gigas Nakai has been used as a traditional medicine as well as an edible vegetable in South Korea. In this study, the total phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidants of A. gigas Nakai leaves were examined in vitro via hydroxyl-radical-scavenging activity, reducing power activity, metal chelating assay, and DPPH-free -radical-scavenging assay. Among all the extracts from A. gigas Nakai leaves, the ethanol extract showed the strongest effects in all of the assays. The $EC_{50}$ values for the DPPH-radical-scavenging activities of ethanol, methanol, and water extracts were 31.47, 42.14, and $58.47{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Among the extracts from A. gigas Kakai leaves, the ethanol extract had the highest levels of total phenolics ($7.84{\pm}1.46$ mg TAN/g) and total flavonoids ($4.23{\pm}0.03$ mg QE/g), which correlated strongly with the individual phenolic-compound (p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillin, and trans-ferulic acid) contents. The ethanol extract also showed stronger antioxidant activity than tocopherol in hydroxyl- radical-scavenging activity assay. These results indicate that the ethanol extract of A. gigas Kakai leaves possesses significant antioxidant properties, which suggests its great potential as a functional-food ingredient in the food industry.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.48.1-48.15
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• 2021

Background: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a swine enteropathogenic coronavirus that has devastated the swine industry in South Korea over the last 30 years. The lack of an effective method to control the endemics has led to a surge in PEDV recurrences in affected farms throughout the country. Objectives: In the first step toward establishing systematic monitoring of and active control measures over the swine populations, we constructed an assessment model that evaluates the status of (1) biosecurity, (2) herd immunity, and (3) virus circulation in each of the PEDV-infected farms. Methods: A total of 13 farrow-to-finish pig farms with a history of acute PEDV infection on Jeju Island were chosen for this study. The potential risk of the recurrence in these farms was estimated through on-site data collection and laboratory examination. Results: Overall, the data indicated that a considerable number of the PEDV-infected farms had lax biosecurity, achieved incomplete protective immunity in the sows despite multi-dose vaccination, and served as incubators of the circulating virus; thus, they face an increased risk of recurrent outbreaks. Intriguingly, our results suggest that after an outbreak, a farm requires proactive tasks, including reinforcing biosecurity, conducting serological and virus monitoring to check the sows' immunity and to identify the animals exposed to PEDV, and improving the vaccination scheme and disinfection practices if needed. Conclusions: The present study highlights the significance of coordinated PEDV management in infected farms to reduce the risk of recurrence and further contribute towards the national eradication of PEDV.