• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2006년도 PAN PACIFIC CONFERENCE vol.2
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• pp.471-474
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• 2006

Environment-friendly shock-absorbing materials were made of wastepaper such as old corrugated containers (OCC) and old newspapers (ONP) with a vacuum forming method. The plate-like cushioning materials made of OCC and ONP respectively by vacuum forming showed superior shock-absorbing properties with lower elastic moduli compared to expanded polystyrene (EPS) and pulp mold. Even though the plate-like materials had many free voids in their fiber structure, their apparent densities (${\approx}0.1g/cm^{3}$) were a little higher than that of EPS (${\approx}0.03g/cm^{3}$) and much lower than that of pulp mold (${\approx}0.3g/cm^{3}$). However, the elastic moduli of the cushioning materials made of wastepaper were much lower than that of EPS or pulp mold. This finding implies that the cushioning materials made of OCC fibers containing more lignin than ONP show better shock-absorbing properties than ONP Moreover, the cushioning materials made of OCC and ONP respectively showed greater porosity than pulp mold. The addition of cationic starch to the cushioning materials contributed to an increase in the elastic modulus to the same level as that of EPS. Furthermore, the deterioration in fiber quality by repeated use of wastepaper played a great role in improving shock-absorbing ability.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.136-141
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• 2021

Purpose: Dementia is a disease in which cognitive function declines, leading to deterioration of body functions and activities of daily living. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of dual-task training, including cognitive tasks, on cognitive and body function and β-amyloid levels in Alzheimer's dementia patients. Methods: 34 inpatients diagnosed with Alzheimer's dementia at a nursing hospital located in South Korea. The patients were randomly divided into a dual-task group (n=16) and a single-task group (n=18). Each group was trained for 30 minutes three times a week for eight weeks. The MMSE-K was used to measure the patients' cognitive function. To assess the patients' static balance ability, their LOS was measured using BioRescue. while dynamic balance was measured using the BBS. The 10MWT were conducted to evaluate the patients' walking ability. Blood analysis was performed to measure levels of β-amyloid. Results: Both groups exhibited statistically significant improvements in gait function after the training (p<0.05). The dual-task group exhibited statistically significant differences in cognitive function, static and dynamic balance function, and β-amyloid levels after training (p<0.05). A significant difference was observed between the two groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dual-task training were found to be effective in improving cognitive and bodily functioning and reducing β-amyloid levels in Alzheimer's dementia patients. Thus, this may be suggested as an effective exercise method for the treatment and early prevention of Alzheimer's dementia.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2022

This is a basic study analyzing emissions of an agricultural tractor during tillage operations. In this study, CO, THC, NOx, and PM considered as emission factor were analyzed during plow and rotary tillage operation by the tractor. Engine torque and rotational speed were measured through ECU. Engine power was calculated using engine torque and rotational speed. The emissions was calculated based on the number of units, rated power, load factor, and operating time. Results showed that the load factor was calculated almost twice, which was higher than 0.48. It was also observed that the emission of the tractor was variable for different agricultural operations because tractor loads were different based on operations. There was a difference in emissions due to differences in plow and rotary working hours. To estimate the emission of agricultural tractor based field operations in detail, it is necessary to consider TAF (Transient Adjustment Factor) and DFA (Deterioration factor). In the future, TAF and DFA will be considered to estimate emissions of the agricultural tractor. Finally, results of this study can contribute to the literature to estimate tractor emissions accurately.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2024

Objective: Beef of Jeju black cattle (JBC) is considered as a healthy meat type due to its significantly higher unsaturated fatty acids (UFA). Lipid (e.g., UFA) is highly susceptible to oxidizing agents, which results in the quality deterioration and economic value loss of meat products. Therefore, development and application of novel preservative techniques is necessary to improve the shelf-life stability of high-UFA beef. The objective of this study was to assess the applicability of chitosan-based coatings in preservation of JBC beef. Methods: Different coating solutions: 2% chitosan alone, and 2% chitosan containing 0.1% or 0.3% gallic acid were prepared to investigate their applicability in preservation of fresh beef during storage. Jeju black cattle beef (2-cm thick steaks) were non-coated (control) or coated with the above coating solutions, placed on trays, over-wrapped with plastic film and stored at 4℃. The microbiological indices, color, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) and lipid oxidation of the beef were investigated after 1, 10, and 21 days of storage. Results: Coating with 2% chitosan alone reduced the spoilage bacteria count, TVBN and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels in the beef compared with control during storage (p<0.05). Noticeably, coating with 2% chitosan containing 0.1% or 0.3% gallic acid was more effective on retardation of spoilage bacteria growth, lipid oxidation and discoloration in the beef compared to the chitosan coating alone over the storage period (21 days) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Taken together, the combined chitosan and gallic acid coating could be used as a bio-preservative technique in the meat industry.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.180-193
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• 2022

동구릉은 세계문화유산인 조선왕릉의 대표적인 곳으로, 봉분과 관계된 석조물 979점과 능과 봉분 주위에 석물, 석인상, 석수 등 310점으로 총 1,289점(일부 능의 지대석 제외)이 배치되어 있다. 동구릉 내 석조물은 대부분 흑운모화강암으로 구성되어 있지만 일부 능에서는 담홍색화강암으로 구성되어 있다. 전암대자율 측정결과 천장한 현릉(왕후)을 제외한 건원릉부터 목릉까지 범위 및 평균값이 유사하여, 동일한 채석지에서 산출된 돌을 사용한 것으로 판단된다. 숭릉, 수릉, 경릉의 경우 대자율 범위가 넓게 분포하는데, 조성 당시 석조물과 능을 옮기는 과정에서 새롭게 제작된 석조물이 섞이거나, 채석산지가 다른 석재를 사용하였기 때문이라 판단된다. 보존상태 조사결과 봉분부재와 능상 석조물 모두 표면풍화 중 박리박락과 입상분해에 의한 손상비율이 가장 높았으며, 표면변색의 경우 봉분부재는 황색과 토사, 능상 석조물은 황색, 흑색, 토사 등 복합적인 변색이 확인된다. 생물영향은 동구릉 내 손상양상 중 주된 요인으로 상대적으로 4~5등급 점유율이 높게 확인되었다. 이는 왕릉의 환경이 생물이 정착할 수 있는 토양형성이 용이하고 지속적으로 수분을 얻을 수 있는 조건이 갖춰져 있기 때문이라 판단된다. 구조상태의 경우 비교적 양호한 상태를 보이고 있다. 각 능별 종합훼손등급을 산출한 결과 전체적으로 양호한 상태를 보이고 있으나 이른 시기에 조성된 건원릉과 현릉의 경우 상대적으로 높은 풍화등급을 보였다. 동구릉 내 석조물은 표면풍화로 인해 부재 조각이나 문양 등 상당부분이 손실되었으며 2차 손상이 진행 중이다. 또한 각각의 손상요인이 단독적으로 발생하기보다는 복합적으로 작용하여 다양한 손상이 지속적으로 진행되고 있다. 따라서 왕릉 석조물의 보존처리뿐만 아니라 처리 이후에도 효율적인 관리를 위한 석조물의 정기적 보존현황관리와 자료 확보가 필요하며, 구체적인 관리 매뉴얼과 시스템이 갖춰져야 한다. 이번 연구는 세계문화유산 동구릉 내 석조물의 보존현황을 조사하고 체계적으로 분류하여 보존처리의 우선순위 및 필요성을 제공하였을 뿐만 아니라 향후 동구릉 보존관리 방안을 수립하는데 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.486-491
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• 2009

본 연구는 생산 후 3일 이내인 시판두부의 가공공장별, 두부유형별 위생실태를 파악하여 두부에 대한 미생물 규격의 설정 가능성을 검토하며, 가공단계별 총생균수와 대장균군을 분석하여 오염 원인을 규명코자 실시되었다. 시판중인 두부의 위생성은 동일유형이더라도 가공공장마다 차이가 있었고 동일공장의 시료 간에도 차이를 보였다. 총생균수가 $1.0{\times}10^6CFU/g$ 이상을 보인 일부 포장두부에서는 관능적 부패 변질 현상이 관찰되었다. 총 148개 두부시료 중 총생균수와 대장균군이 각각 $1.0{\times}10^5CFU/g$ 이하와 음성에 적합한 시료는 단순포장두부가 32.0%와 12.0%, 포장가열두부가 86.9%와 83.7%인 것으로 조사되었다. 이러한 가공공장에 따른 위생성 차이는 가열과 열처리사이의 공정인 응고, 압착, 성형, 1차냉각, 내포장공정에서 2차오염 정도의 차이에서 기인하는 것으로 생각되었다. 포장두부의 가공공정 중 미생물이 증가하여 각별한 관리가 요구되는 공정으로는 원료대두의 세척 침지와 마쇄, 응고 후 압착 성형, 1차냉각공정이었다. 따라서 보다 위생적인 두부를 가공하기 위해서는 이들 가공공정에서 사용되는 각종 설비나 작업도구, 성형포 및 작업자 등에 대한 세척 및 소독 강화가 절실하게 요구되었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1233-1237
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• 2000

Objectives : In order to evaluate the metabolic changes associated with pericontusional edematous area in mild head injury, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H-MRS) was performed in mild head injury patients (initial GCS score 13-15) with focal brain contusion. Methods : Seven head injury patients with initial GCS 13-15(3 males and 4 females : age range 15-65 years, mean age 33 years) have underwent 1H-MRS evaluations. The patients were examined within 7 days after injury(n=7) and 2 months after injury(n=5). The region of interest(ROI) was selected in the edematous area adjacent to traumatic brain contusion upon T2-weighted MR images and a corresponding region of the contralateral hemisphere (ROC, region of contralateral corresponding hemisphere) was examined as well. The metabolic ratios of NAA/Cr and lactate/Cr were compared between ROIs, ROCs and control values. Results : In initial NAA/Cr ratios, the values of ROIs were significantly lower than those of the controls(p=0.009), but there was no difference either between ROIs and ROCs(p=0.410) or between ROCs of patients and the control (p=0.199). In lactate/Cr ratios, the ROIs in all seven patients and the ROCs in two showed increased lactate signals. The lactate/Cr ratios of the ROIs were significantly elevated as compared to those of the ROCs(p=0.02) and the control(p=0.015). In two months follow-up, lactate signals were absent or significantly reduced(p=0.015). In no patients, clinical or radiological deterioration has been observed. Conclusion : Our 1H-MRS results demonstrate that there are significant ischemic changes in pericontusional edematous areas as indicated by elevated lactate signals in the patients with mild head injury. But there were no consistent neural loss or dysfunction in these area. There findings suggest that pericontusional edematous areas can be vulnerable to secondary brain insults even in the patients with mild head injury.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.601-608
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• 2014

콜라비의 저장기간 동안 품질이 유지되는 적정 유통기간 설정을 위해, 2차대사산물 및 생리적 변화를 조사하였다. 그 결과, 콜라비를 상온에 저장할 경우, 저장 2주후부터 부패가 발생하기 시작함과 더불어 총 페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량 또한 급격한 감소를 보였다. 반면에 저온저장의 경우, 저장 2개월간 품질의 변화가 거의 없고 기능성 성분도 초기값을 유지하거나 높은 값을 유지하였다. 콜라비의 총 페놀 함량과 플라보노이드 함량은 저온저장으로 증가하였고, 상온저장 기간 동안 감소하였다. 또한 포장처리에 관하여, 콜라비의 페놀함량은 저장기간동안 포장처리 유무에 따른 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 플라보노이드 함량은 0.05 mm PE 필름 밀봉시 이들 성분의 변화가 적은 것으로 나타나, 콜라비를 포장하여 저장하는 것이 플라보이드 함량 보존에 유효한 것으로 나타났다. 항암 성분으로 알려진 glucosinolate는 저장 기간 동안 유의적인 차이가 없는 것으로 나타나, 콜라비가 장기 저온저장동안 이들 유용한 성분을 유지하는 것으로 보인다. 본 연구에서 콜라비의 저장기간 동안 2차대사산물과 외관 품질변화는 밀접한 상관관계가 나타났다. 이러한 결과로부터, 페놀화합물과 같은 2차대사물질이 콜라비의 저장수명 구명을 위한 품질 지표로서 검토될 수 있을 것으로 제시한다.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2021

The characteristics of vibrational stress (shock and vibration) during transport and the possibility of damage to the packaged pears by functional PLA tray were investigated. And this study was conducted to analyze how environmental conditions by simulated transport environment affect quality factors such as weight loss (%) and soluble solid content (SSC, %), and firmness (bioyield strength, kPa) of packaged pears by PLA tray and Expanded PET foam pad (Group 1), EPE cushion cup pad and net (Group 2) for exporting. Pears with or without vibration stress were stored for 30 days at low temperatures (5 ± 0.8℃, 80 ± 5% relative humidity). There was the statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between pears with and without vibration stress for weight loss, soluble solid content, and firmness (bioyield strength) after 30 days storage. Vibration stress accelerated pear quality deterioration during storage, resulting in increased weight loss, soluble solids content, and reduced hardness. The firmness (bioyield strength) and weight changes of pears with PLA trays were smaller than those of conventional packaging box systems. It was determined that the firmness of agricultural products was a quality factor closely related to the storage period and that PLA could be applied.

• 인삼문화
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• 제1권
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• pp.57-66
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• 2019

Ginseng has been recognized as a lifespan extending medicine which has been regarded as one of the medicines classified as top medicines, as the Boncho (medical herbs) study which is influenced by the idea of guidance's costume and food concept mainly in China is gaining its bona fide form. As the demand for ginseng has been expanded to other levels, the demand for ginseng has been increasing. Ginseng from the nature reached its supply chain limit due to its extinction and difficulty of picking, so it translated into ginseng cultivation of economy rather than harvesting in nature. After the start of ginseng cultivation, the ginseng cultivation was further enhanced by the rapid development of processing methods such as white-ginseng and red-ginseng, and the surge of consumption due to the traditional belief in ginseng drug efficacy and support of scientific research. In the Joseon Dynasty, the name Gasam (cultivated ginseng) had been created as ginseng was cultivated on farmland after the stage of SanYang (wild cultivated ginseng), the purpose of the new name Gasam is to differentiate from natural ginseng, and natural ginseng lost its firm position as the genuine ginseng as the Gasam replaced the genuine ginseng, and the natural ginseng got a new name of SanSam (wild ginseng). Because the real ginseng substance concept dissipated, and as Gasam is being called ginseng, the name Gasam was also disappeared. As a result, it was possible to grow large quantities according to the arrival of the Gasam era, and it was possible to supply the demand for ginseng, and it could become one agricultural industry. In this ginseng cultivation, in Japan where ginseng did not grow naturally, it was difficult to obtain ginseng from Joseon and faced with a shortage of ginseng at all times. Therefore, the shogun cultivated the Gasam systematically at the national level by the inside of the shogunate. However, since the natural ginseng is native to China and Korea, there is a concern about the deterioration of the quality of natural ginseng due to the incorporation of cultivated ginseng (Gasam). To protect the interests, the cultivation of ginseng was subject to control. For this reason, the lack of historical information on Gasam cultivation, which had to be started secretly, would be a natural result. In this paper, althouh not sufficient enough, the historical informations were used to summarize the history of ginseng cultivation in China, Japan and Korea.