• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.413-418
• /
• 2004

A bioequivalence of $Melax^{TM}$ capsules (Chong Kun Dang Pharm., Korea) and $Mobic^{TM}$ capsules (Boehringer Ingelheim Korea) was evaluated according to the guideline of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Single 15 mg dose of meloxicam of each medicine was administered orally to 24 healthy male volunteers. This study was performed in a $2\;{\times}\;2$ crossover design. Concentrations of meloxicam in human plasma were monitored by a high-performance liquid chromatography. $AUC_t$ (the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 72 hr) was calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule method. $C_{max}$ (maximum plasma drug concentration) and $T_{max}$ (time to reach $C_{max}$) were compiled from the plasma concentration-time data. Analysis of variance was performed using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$. No significant sequence effect was found for all of the bioavailability parameters. The 90% confidence intervals of the $AUC_t$ ratio and the $C_{max}$ ratio for $Melax^{TM}/Mobic^{TM}$ were 0.95 - 1.04 and 0.98 - 1.14, respectively. This study demonstrated a bioequivalence of $Melax^{TM}$ and $Mobic^{TM}$ with respect to the rate and extent of absorption.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.255-261
• /
• 2007

A bioequivalence study of $Nimegen^{TM}$ soft capsule (Medica Korea Pharma. Co., Ltd.) to $RoAccutane^{(R)}$ soft capsule (Roche Korea Ind. Co., Ltd.) was conducted according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Thirty healthy male Korean volunteers received each medicine at the isotretinoin dose of 60 mg in a $2{\times}2$ crossover study. There was one week wash-out period between the doses. Plasma concentrations of isotretinoin were monitored by a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for over a period of 48 hours after drug administration. $AUC_t$ (the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 48 hr) was calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule method. $C_{MAX}$ (maximum plasma drug concentration) and $T_{MAX}$ (time to reach $C_{MAX}$) were compiled from the plasma concentration-time data. Analysis of variance was carried out using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t\;and\;C_{MAX}$. No significant sequence effect was found for all of the bioavailability parameters indicating that the crossover design was properly performed. The 90% confidence intervals of the $AUC_t$ ratio and the $C_{MAX}$ ratio for $Nimegen^{TM}/RoAccutane^{(R)}$ were $log0.860{\sim}log0.98\;and\;log0.85{\sim}log1.00$, respectively. These values were within the acceptable bioequivalence intervals of $log0.80{\sim}log1.25$. Thus, our study demonstrated the bioequivalence of $Nimegen^{TM}\;and\;RoAccutane^{(R)}$ with respect to the rate and extent of absorption.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.209-214
• /
• 2004

A bioequivalence study of $Roxithrin^{TM}$ tablet (Kukje Pharma. Ind. Co., Ltd.) to $Rulid^{TM}$ tablet (Han Dok Pharma. Ind. Co., Ltd.) was conducted according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Twenty four healthy male Korean volunteers received each medicine at the roxithromycin dose of 300 mg in a $2{\times}2$ crossover study. There was a one-week wash-out period between the doses. Plasma concentrations of roxithromycin were monitored by a high-performance liquid chromatography for over a period of 36 hours after drug administration. $AUC_t$ (the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 36 hr) was calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule method. $C_{max}$ (maximum plasma drug concentration) and $T_{max}$ (time to reach $C_{max}$) were compiled from the plasma concentration-time data. Analysis of variance was carried out using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$. No significant sequence effect was found for all of the bioavailability parameters indicating that the cross-over design was properly performed. The 90% confidence intervals of the $AUC_t$ ratio and the $C_{max}$ ratio for $Roxithrin^{TM}/Rulid^{TM}$ were 1.00 - 1.13 and 0.98 - 1.10, respectively. These values were within the acceptable bioequivalence intervals of 0.80 - 1.25. Thus, our study demonstrated the bioequivalence of $Roxithrin^{TM}$ and $Rulid^{TM}$ with respect to the rate and extent of absorption.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.319-325
• /
• 2004

A bioequivalence of $Etodol^{TM}$ tablets (Yuhan corporation) and $Kuhnillodine^{TM}$ tablets (Kuhnil Pharm. Co., Ltd.) was evaluated according to the guideline of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Single 200 mg dose of etodolac of each medicine was administered orally to 24 healthy male volunteers. This study was performed in a $2{\times}2$ crossover design. Concentrations of etodolac in human plasma were monitored by a high-performance liquid chromatography. $AUC_t$ (the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 24 hr) was calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule method. $C_{max}$ (maximum plasma drug concentration) and $T_{max}$ (time to reach $C_{max}$) were compiled from the plasma concentration-time data. Analysis of variance was performed using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$. No significant sequence effect was found for all of the bioavailability parameters. The 90% confidence intervals of the $AUC_t$ ratio and the $C_{max}$ ratio for $Etodol^{TM}/Kuhnillodine^{TM}$ were 1.01-1.10 and 0.87-1.06, respectively. This study demonstrated a bioequivalence of $Etodol^{TM}$ and $Kuhnillodine^{TM}$ with respect to the rate and extent of absorption.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제34권6호
• /
• pp.505-511
• /
• 2004

A bioequivalence study of $Bestidine^{TM}$ tablets (Choong Wae Pharma. Corp., Korea) to Dong-A $Gaster^{TM}$ (Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Korea) tablets was conducted according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Twenty four healthy male Korean volunteers received each medicine at the famotidine dose of 40 mg in a $2{\times}2$ crossover study. There was a one-week wash out period between the doses. Plasma concentrations of famotidine were monitored by a high-performance liquid chromatography for over a period of 12 hours after the administration. $AUC_t$ (the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 12 hr) was calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule method. $C_{max}$ (maximum plasma drug concentration) and $T_{max}$ (time to reach $C_{max}$) were compiled from the plasma concentration-time data. Analysis of variance was carried out using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$. No significant sequence effect was found for all of the bioavailability parameters indicating that the crossover design was properly performed. The 90% confidence intervals of the $AUC_t$ ratio and the Cmax ratio for $Bestidine^{TM}/Gaster^{TM}$ were log 0.90-log 1.06 and log 0.98-log 1.20, respectively. These values were within the acceptable bioequivalence intervals of 0.80-1.25. Thus, our study demonstrated the bioequivalence of $Bestidine^{TM}$ and $Gaster^{TM}$ with respect to the rate and extent of absorption.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.299-309
• /
• 1997

본 실험은 수경재배에서 딜의 양수분 흡수 패턴을 밝히고 생육과 환경특성에 적합한 배양액을 개발하여 실제 재배에 응용하고자 수행하였다. 이를 위해 딜의 양분 홉수율에 의한 배양액을 조성하였으며 그 적합성을 검정하기 위해 기존배양액과 비교실험을 실시하였다. 딜의 NFT재배에 적합한 배양액을 개발하기 위해서 일본야채시험장 표준액을 1/4배액, 1/2배액 및 1배액으로 조성하여 재배한 결과, 1/2배액에서 생육과 수량이 가장 높았으며 근권내 pH와 EC의 변화도 안정되었고, 식물체내 무기이온 합량도 적정치로 나타나 딜의 양분흡수특성에 적합할 것으로 판단되었다. 따라서 일본야채시험장 1/2 배액의 양수분 흡수율(n/w)을 기준으로 새로운 배양액을 조성하였으며, 이온의 조성은 NO$_3$―N 8.85, NH$_4$―N 0.55, P 2.1, K 6.2, Ca 2.8, Mg 1.7 me.L$^{-1}$였다. 딜의 순환식 NFT 재배용으로 개발한 배양액의 적합성 검정실험 결과, 근권내 pH와 EC는 저농도인 SCU 1/2배액을 제외하고는 변화폭이 크게 나타나지 않았다. 본 실험에서 개발된 SCU 1배액은 기존에 허브 배양액으로 사용된 일본 야채 시험장 배양액과 비교할 때 생육과 수량면에서 우수하였으며, 엽내 무기성분 함량도 적정수준을 나타내었다. 따라서, 본 실험에서 개발된 SCU 배양액은 딜의 NFT재배에 적합한 배양액이라 할 수 있다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.125-131
• /
• 2001

순환식 펄라이트 재배에서 오이의 양액흡수는 일사량 변화와 관계없이 단위일사량당 흡수량이 80~100 mg.MJ$^{-1}$까지 증가 후 일정하게 유지되어 양액흡수 지표는 전체 양액흡수량보다 단위일사량당 양액흡수량이 더 적합하였다. NO￣$_3$-N의 흡수량은 초기에 3 mg.MJ$^{-1}$에서 후기 16 mg.MJ$^{-1}$로 상승하였고 Ca는 초기에 3mg.MJ$^{-1}$에서 후기에 14 mg.MJ$^{-11}$ 로, Mg는 초기에 1 mg.MJ$^{-1}$에서 후기에 5 mg.MJ$^{-1}$로 증가되었으나, 정식 후 62일 이후의 증가세로 둔화되었다. K는 초기에 5.0 mg.MJ$^{-1}$에서 후기 18 mg.MJ$^{-1}$로 증가되었으나 지속적인 증가를 보여주지 못하였는데 이것은 오이의 하엽 제거로 인한 결과로 생각되어진다. 그러나 P는 초기에 0.5 mg.MJ$^{-1}$에서 후기의 3.2mg.MJ$^{-1}$로 지속적으로 증가되었다. S는 초기에 0.5 mg.MJ$^{-1}$에서 증가에 6.5 mg.MJ$^{-1}$까지 증가되다가 후기에 2.7 mg.MJ$^{-1}$로 감소되었다. 오이의 각각의 무기이온 흡수량과 가장 상관이 높았던 요소는 정식일수와 엽면적이었으나 이 두 요소와 단위일사량당 양액흡수량과는 $r^2$=0.92, 0.97로 높은 상관을 보였다. 단위일사량당 양액흡수량을 이용한 각각의 무기이온 흡수량 회귀식은 $r^2$=0.9 이상으로 높은 상관관계를 보여 실용적 이용이 가능할 것으로 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
• /
• 제73권10호
• /
• pp.1584-1588
• /
• 2018

During hyperthermia therapy, cancer cells are heated to a temperature in the range of $40{\sim}45^{\circ}C$ for a defined time period to damage these cells while keeping healthy tissues at safe temperatures. Prior to hyperthermia therapy, the amount of heat energy transferred to the cancer cells must be predicted. Among various non-invasive methods, the thermal prediction method using the specific absorption rate (SAR) is the most widely used method. The existing methods predict the thermal distribution by using a single constant for the mass density in one organ through assignment. However, because the SAR and the bio heat equation (BHE) vary with the mass density, the mass density of each organ must be accurately considered. In this study, the mass density distribution was calculated using the relationship between the Hounsfield unit and the mass density of tissues in preceding research. The SAR distribution was found using a quasi-static approximation to Maxwell's equation and was used to calculate the potential distribution and the energy distributions for capacitive RF heating. The thermal distribution during exposure to RF waves was determined by solving the BHE with consideration given to the considering contributions of heat conduction and external heating. Compared with reference data for the mass density, our results was within 1%. When the reconstructed temperature distribution was compared to the measured temperature distribution, the difference was within 3%. In this study, the density distribution and the thermal distribution were reconstructed for the agar phantom. Based on these data, we developed an algorithm that could be applied to patients.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.519-526
• /
• 2003

본 연구에서는 한국인에게 적합한 비만 개선책을 찾고자 지방 흡수억제 기천뿐만 아니라 과잉의 탄수화물 흡수억제가 함께 작용하는 분화억제에 대한 지방흡수 억제 물질과 율무 열수에서 ${\alpha}$-amylase 활성 저해에 대한 탄수화물 흡수 억제물질이 첨가된 비만 개선 식이조성물이 동물 실험 시 체중 증가가 억제됨을 확인하였다. 호박의 열수 추출물을 ethyl acetate로 추출하여 췌장 lipase 활성 저해를 확인하였으며, 호박의 ethyl acetate 추출물을 농축하여 silica gel column chromatography와 C-18 column chromatography를 이용하여 활성 저해 물질을 분리하였다. 또한 율무 열수는 chloroform으로 추출하여 호박 열수와 같은 방법으로 분리하여 ${\alpha}$-amylase 활성 저해를 확인하였다. 3T3-L1 분화억제 확인 실험에서는 3T3-L1에 분화 유도물질만 처리한 경우 지방 세포로 분화되어 세포내에 지방축적이 일어났지만, 분화 유도물질과 호박 추출물을 동시처리 결과 지방 세포로의 분화가 호박 추출물 $120\;{\mu}g/mL$ 처리 시약 5% 이하로 일어났으며, 세포내에 지방축적도 거의 일어나지 않았다. 동물실험에서 고지방 식이와 비만개선용 식이조성물을 동시에 섭취한 군의 체중 증가가 고지방 식이만 섭취한 군보다 13% 정도 감소함을 확인할 수 있었고, 비만개선용 식이 조성물을 8주간 경구 투여한 뒤 간 기능 지표와 혈액학적 지표 및 흰쥐의 행동학적 소견에서 차이를 나타내지 않아 비만개선용 식이조성물이 경구 투여에 의한 안전성이 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 이들 결과를 종합하면, 호박의 췌장 lipase 활성 저해물질과 율무의 ${\alpha}$-amylase 활성 저해물질을 첨가한 비만개선용 식이조성물이 동물 실험에서 체중 증가를 효과적으로 억제할 수 있음을 관찰하였으며, 이는 비만 환자들의 다이어트 식이로 유용할 것으로 사료되었다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.167-173
• /
• 2007

참외 재배시설의 광 환경 개선을 위하여 필름두께, 자외선 차단율, 적외선 흡수율이 다른 PO계 필름 3종(J-1, J-2, J-3), PE 필름(K-1, K-2, K-3)을 비교하여 참외를 재배한 결과는 다음과 같다. 재배지역과 품종에 따라 다소의 차이는 있으나 오복꿀참외의 경우, K-3의 당도는 $14.3^{\circ}Brix$이고 J-3, J-2에서는 이보다 각각 $1.3^{\circ}Brix,\;0.8^{\circ}Brix$ 정도 높은 경향이었다. 과피의 색도(a 값)는 K-3의 0.5에 비하여 J-3, J-1, J-2에서 각각 3.3, 2.3, 1.9 정도 더 높았다. 또한 J-1, J-2, J-3 처리구에서 발효과율 및 기형과율이 감소하였고 상품과 율은 증가하였다. 10a당 상품수량은 K-3의 1,622 kg에 비하여 J-1, J-3, J-2에서 각각 31.2%, 23.8%, 18.5%증가하였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 J-1, J-2, J-3등의 polyolefin계 필름은 필름두께가 두껍고 적외선 흡수율이 높아 보온효과가 우수하였으며 이로 인하여 과실의 당도가 증가하고 색도가 우수한 것으로 생각된다. 또한 발효과 발생이 감소하고 상품과율이 증가하는 등 품질이 향상되었고 수량도 증가되었다.