• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1407-1413
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• 2009

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of feather meal (FM) on the performance of pigs and taurine content in pork. A total of 135 cross-bred (L${\times}$Y${\times}$D) pigs, weighing an average 46 kg, were assigned to five dietary treatments; Control, 3% FM supplemented diet (3% FM), 3% FM and 10 ppm pyridoxin supplemented diet (3% FMpyridoxin), 6% FM supplemented diet (6% FM) and 6% FM and 10 ppm pyridoxine supplemented diet (6% FM-pyridoxin). Each treatment had 3 replications of 9 pigs (4 gilts and 5 barrows) each. Pigs were fed for 11 weeks under a phase feeding program which consisted of grower (0-3 week), grow-finisher (4-8 week) and finisher (9-11 week) periods. During the whole feeding period, ADG and ADFI of pigs fed FM treatments tended to increase in general compared to the control. Feed conversion ratio (feed/gain) of the control was significantly (p<0.05) lower than FM treatments. Taurine content of the control was highest in heart muscle (1,393.8 ppm) followed by liver (647.3 ppm), tenderloin (601.2 ppm), ham (462.4 ppm) and loin (375.8 ppm). Taurine contents of heart, tenderloin, ham and loin were significantly (p<0.05) increased by FM treatments. Taurine content was highest in the 6% FM-pyridoxin treatment. Taurine content of heart, tenderloin, ham and loin on 6% FM-pyridoxin supplementation were increased by 91%, 23%, 27% and 29%, respectively, compared with the control. Sensory tests of the pork showed that there was no consistent response among the treatments. In conclusion, supplementation of FM and pyridoxin to a pig diet can increase taurine content of the pork.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.13-18
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• 2013

In this paper design a 8 bit Current Steering D/A Converter for stimulating neuron signal. Proposed circuit in paper shows the conversion rate of 10KS/s and the power supply of 3.3V with 0.35um Magna chip CMOS process using full custom layout design. It employes segmented structure which consists of 3bit thermometer decoders and 5bit binary decoder for decreasing glitch noise and increasing resolution. So glitch energy is down by $10nV{\bullet}sec$ rather than binary weighted type DAC. And it makes use of low power current stimulator because of low LSB current. And it can make biphasic signal by connecting with Micro Controller Unit which controls period and amplitude of signal. As result of measurement INL is +0.56/-0.38 LSB and DNL is +0.3/-0.4 LSB. It shows great linearity. Power dissipation is 6mW.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.441-446
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• 2018

Herbaceous biomass is easier at chemical conversion than woody biomass. However, pretreatment must be needed because it has substantially lignin. Organsolv is good at fractionation of enzymatic hydrolysis inhibitors such as lignin and it is reusable by distillation when it has low molecular weight. Flow-through process can prevent recondensation of fractionated components and easily separate liquid from the biomass. In this study, the pretreatment was performed for decreasing additional process by using ethanol without catalyst because this process has a lot of operation expense at bio-alcohol production process. Flow-through pretreatment was performed at $150{\sim}190^{\circ}C$ with 30~99.5 wt% ethanol during 20~60 minutes. Also the phsyco-chemical pretreatment was performed for decreasing reaction time and temperature.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.357-362
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• 2010

Green alga, Ulva pertusa kjelmann has been known to be one of the largest pollutants in Korea. Therefore, the efficient pretreatment processes have been required to improve the yields of fermentable sugar. The optimal pretreatment conditions were determined to be $195^{\circ}C$ for 15 min. The sugar yield of glucose and xylose were estimated as 20.5%, and 5.0% respectively, based on theoretical yields. However solid residues were estimated enzymatic digestibility of 90-95% with cellulase loading of 15 FPU/g glucan. This process was proved to generate the low concentration of Hydroxy-Methyl-Furfural (51 ppm), which resulted in ethanol production with 95% of the maximum conversion yield from glucose in the culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC, 24858). This study showed that Ulva pertusa kjellmann can be used as a bioetahnol resource using the high temperature liquefaction process.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.112-118
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• 2008

Laccases are multicopper-containing oxidases that catalyze the oxidation of many aromatic compounds with concomitant reduction of oxygen to water. Interest in this enzyme has arisen in many fields of industry, including detoxification, wine stabilization, paper processing, and enzymatic conversion of chemical intermediates. In this study, we cloned a laccase gene (GLlac1) from the white-rot fungus Ganoderma lucidum. The cloned gene consists of 4,357 bp, with its coding region interrupted by nine introns, and the upstream region has putative CAAT and TATA boxes as well as several metal responsive elements (MREs). We also cloned a full-length cDNA of GLlac1, which contains an uninterrupted open reading frame (ORF) of 1,560 bp coding for 520 amino acids with a putative 21-residue signal sequence. The DNA and deduced amino acid sequences of GLlac1 were similar but not identical to those of other fungal laccases. GLlac1 was released from the cells when expressed in P. pastoris, and had high laccase activity. In addition, GLlac1 conferred antioxidative protection from protein degradation, and thus may be useful in bio-medical applications.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.298-302
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• 2009

Samultang is one of traditional medicine composed of Paeonia lactiflora, Angelica gigas, Rehmannia glutinosa and Cnidium officinale. To develop simultaneous determination of paeoniflorin, decursin and 5-HMF in Samultang, a high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector was used. To separate three marker components, Dionex $C_{18}$ column (5 ${\mu}m$, 120 ${\AA}$, 4.6 mm${\times}$150 mm) was used with a gradient elution system of water and methanol. UV wavelength of detector set at 230 nm and 280 nm. This method was validated by linearity, precision test and recovery test. Calibration curves of three standard components were showed good linear regression ($R^2$>0.9973). LOD and LOQ ranged from 0.08 ${\mu}g$/ml to 0.38 ${\mu}g$/ml and 0.25 ${\mu}g$/ml to 1.16 ${\mu}g$/ml, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of data of the inter-day and intra-day experiments were less than 0.54% and 0.89%, respectively. The measured results of recovery test were varied from 93.36 to 107.79 with RSD values 0.01~1.45%. The established method was applied for separation of bio-conversion Samultang sample and compared with control sample.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2015

Prions are proteinaceous infectious particles that cause neurodegenerative diseases, such as scrapie in sheep, bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans. Although the detailed process, regarding the abnormal conversion of prion proteins (PrP), remains to be fully elucidated, a number of environmental factors appear to affect the formation of misfolded PrP, termed PrP^Sc. Because oceanic algae contain mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), which exhibit cellular defensive activities under a variety of stress conditions, we investigated the level of PrP^Sc in prion-infected neuroblastoma cells using mycosporine-glycine, porphyra-334 and shinorine. When judged by the level of protease-resistant PrP^Sc in western blots, porphyra-334 and shinorine increased the level of PrP^Sc in cells, but mycosporine-glycine did not. The current results indicate that the MAAs tested in this study enhance the formation of PrP^Sc.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.1-5
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• 2015

This study is to investigate the effect of torrefaction on enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass for bio-ethanol production. As a pretreatment, the torrefaction of lignocellulosic biomass was conducted in temperature of $250{\sim}350^{\circ}C$ in the absence of oxygen. Tween-80, nonionic surfactant, was tested to enhance saccharification efficiency by coping with hydrophobicity resulted from torrefaction. As a result, the glucose production from enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass pretreated by torrefaction was greater than that obtained from the non-pretreated biomass. Sugar conversion was higher when the biomass was saccharified with addition of tween-80. It was found that torrefaction can be applied as a preptreatment for lignocellulosic biomass and tween-80 is needed to enhance its enzyme saccharification.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 2016

Extreme floods occur more often recently as the frequency of extreme storm events increase due to the climate change. Because the extreme flood exceeding the design flood can cause large-scale disasters, it is important to predict and prepare for the future extreme flood. Flood flow is affected by two main factors; rainfall and land use. To predict the future extreme flood, both changes in rainfall due to the climate change and land use should be considered. The objective of this study was to simulate the future design flood in the Hwangguji river watershed, South Korea. The climate and land use change scenarios were derived from the representative concentration pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. Conversion of land use and its effects (CLUE) and hydrologic modelling system (HEC-HMS) models were used to simulate the land use change and design flood, respectively. Design floods of 100-year and 200-year for 2040, 2070, and 2100 under the RCP4.5 and 8.5 scenarios were calculated and analyzed. The land use change simulation described that the urban area would increase, while forest would decrease from 2010 to 2100 for both the RCP4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. The overall changes in design floods from 2010 to 2100 were similar to those of probable rainfalls. However, the impact of land use change on design flood was negligible because the increase rate of probable rainfall was much larger than that of curve number (CN) and impervious area.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.505-511
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• 2015

In this study, Arctigenin was obtained by using supercritical fluid extraction and bio-conversion process from Arctii Fructus. Arctigenin is efficacious in anti-inflammatory and anti-influenza. For this reason, Arctigenin is studied in various field. It was identified as 4-[(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)methyl)]dihydro-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2(3H)-furanone (arctigenin) by FT-IR, $^1H$-NMR and the purity of it was 95.1 % by HPLC analysis. Arctigenin inhibited tyrosinase (up to $85.06{\pm}0.9%$ at $260{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration) and melanin synthesis in a dose dependent manner (up to $51.1{\pm}3.7%$ at the concentration of $3.0{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). The results were better than arbutin. Therefore, it is expected that manufactured Arctigenin is useful for whitening cosmetics.