• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.49 no.7
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• pp.1571-1574
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• 2017

In the present work, the gamma ray backscattering technique was used to determine the effective atomic numbers for certain binary alloys. With the help of a muffle furnace, the binary alloys were synthesized using the melt quenching technique with different compositions of $_{82}Pb$, $_{50}Sn$, and $_{30}Zn$. The intensity distribution of backscattered photons from radioactive isotope $^{22}Na$ (511 keV) was recorded with the help of GAMMARAD5 [$76mm{\times}76mm$ NaI(Tl) scintillator detector] and analyzed as a function of both atomic number and thickness of the target material. The effective atomic numbers for the same binary alloys were also computed theoretically using the atomic to electronic cross-section method with the help of the mass attenuation coefficient database of WinXCom (2001). Good agreement was observed between theoretical and experimental results for the effective atomic numbers of all the selected alloys.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.8
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• pp.2661-2668
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• 2021

Gamma radiation shielding features for three series of binary alloys identified as (Pb-Sn), (Pb-Zn), and (Zn-Sn) have been investigated. The mass attenuation coefficients (µ/ρ) for the selected alloys were simulated using the MCNP-5 code in the energy range between 0.01 and 15 MeV. Moreover, the (µ/ρ) values were computed using WinXCOM database in the same energy range to validate the simulation results. Results reveal a good agreement between the simulated and computed values. The half value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), effective atomic number (Z_eff) and exposure buildup factor (EBF) were evaluated for the selected binary alloys. Results showed that the PS1, PZ1, and ZS2 alloys have the best shielding parameters and better than the commercially standard and available radiation shielding materials. Therefore, the investigated alloys can be used as effective radiation shielding materials against gamma ray with energies between 0.01 and 15 MeV.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.361-364
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• 2018

Binary Ti-Al alloys below 51.0 mass%Al content exhibit a breakaway, transferring from parabolic to linear rate law. The second $Al_2O_3$ layer might have some protectiveness before breakaway. Ti-63.1 mass%Al oxidized at 1173 K under parabolic law. Breakaway oxidation is observed in every alloy, except for Ti-63.1 mass%Al. After breakaway, oxidation rates of the binary TiAl alloys below 34.5 mass%Al obey almost linear kinetics. The corrosion rate of Ti-63.1 mass%Al appears to be almost parabolic. As content greater than 63.0 mass% is found to be necessary to form a protective alumina film. Addition of Mo improves the oxidation resistance dramatically. No breakaway is observed at 1123 K, and breakaway is delayed by Mo addition at 1173 K. At 1123 K, no breakaway, but a parabolic increase in mass gain, are observed in the Mo-added TiAl alloys. The binary Ti-34.5 mass%Al exhibits a transfer from parabolic to linear kinetics. At 1173 K, the binary alloys show vary fast linear oxidation and even the Mo-added alloys exhibit breakaway oxidation. The 2.0 mass%Mo-added TiAl exhibits a slope between linear and parabolic. At values of 4.0 and 6.0 mass% added TiAl alloys, slightly larger rates are observed than those for the parabolic rate law, even after breakaway. On those alloys, the second $Al_2O_3$ layer appears to be persistently continuous. Oxidation resistance is considerably degraded by the addition of Mn. Mn appears to have the effect of breaking the continuity of the second $Al_2O_3$ layer.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.26-31
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• 1999

An attempt was made in this study to investigate the brazing characteristics of Zr-Be binary amorphous alloys for the development of a new brazing filler metal for joining Zircaloy-4 nuclear fuel cladding tubes. This study was also aimed at the feasibility study of rapidly solidified amorphous alloys to substitute the conventional physical vapor-deposited(PVD) metallic beryllium. The $Zr_{1-x}Be_{x}$($0.3\leq$x$\leq0.5$) binary amorphous alloys were produced in the ribbon form by the melt-spinning method. It was confirmed by x-ray diffraction that the ribbons were amorphous. The amorphous. the amorphous alloys were used to join bearing pads on Zircaloy-4 nuclear fuel cladding tubes. Using Zr-Be amorphous alloys as filler metals, it was found that the reduction in the tube wall thickness caused by erosion was prevented. Especially, in the case of using $Zr_{0.65}Be_{0.35}$ and $Zr_{0.7}Be_{0.3}$ amorphousalloys, the smooth and spherical primary $\alpha$-Zr particles appeared in the brazed layer, which was the most desirable microstructure from the corrosion-resistance standpoint.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.8-11
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• 2017

Binary Ti-Al alloys containing 50 to 60 atomic percent aluminum are rapidly solidified by hammer anvil method under an argon atmosphere. Constituent phases in each alloy are identified by X-ray diffractometry and microstructures of the alloys are investigated using a transmission electron microscope. In alloys with aluminum content between 50 and 54 percent, a second phase exists besides TiAl(${\gamma}$); this second phase is identified as $Ti_3Al$(${\alpha}2$). The ${\alpha}2$ phase is observed in two types of morphology. One is as fine lamellar alternating with ${\gamma}$ and the other is as a particle. It is concluded that the existence of a metastable phase with the morphologies stated above should arise from a higher quenching rate attained by the hammer anvil method as compared to the conventional roll or splat-quench method. Implications of the above observation are discussed with respect to the phase relations in the Ti-Al binary system; these implications are still controversial in many respects.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1187-1192
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• 2000

Ternary (Mo-Ru-Pd) and binary (Mo-Ru, Mo-Pd) alloys have been prepared using an Ar arc melting furnace. Mo and the noble metals, Ru and Pd, are the constituents of metallic insoluble residues, which were found in the early days of post-irradiation studies on uranium oxide fuels. In the present study, the structure of the alloys was evaluated using a powder X-ray diffractometer. Unit cell parameters were determined by least squares refinements of powder X-ray diffraction data. Scanning electron microscopic analyses of the surface of the alloys indicated that surface morphology was dependent on the crystallographic structure as well as its composition. Measurements of the magnetic susceptibility of the alloys showed evidence of superconducting transition from 3 to 9.2 K. Among the ternary and binary alloys, the ${\sigma}-phase$ showed the highest superconducting transition temperature,~9.2 K.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.378-385
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• 1999

To evaluate the effect of Sn on the corrosion behavior of Zr alloys for nuclear fuel claddings, the corrosion tests on the binary Zr-xSn and the ternary Zr-0.4Nb-xSn alloys were performed in water at $360^{\circ}C$. The binary alloys containing 0.5, 0.8 and 1.5wt.% Sn showed the transition corrosion rate at 15 days. On the other hand, the binary alloy containing 2.0wt.% Sn showed a good corrosion resistance without the transition of corrosion rate up to 80 days. The corrosion rate of the ternary alloy increased with increasing Sn content. The difference of corrosion behaviors between binary and ternary alloys is considered due to the different solubility of Sn, Nb content and precipitates. The corrosions of Zr-xSn and Zr-0.4Nb-xSn alloys would be controlled by the fraction of tetragonal-$ZrO_2$and the amount of hydrogen pick-up.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.857-862
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• 2009

We model lattice-mismatched group III-V semiconductor $In_{x}Ga_{1-x}$ alloys with the three-parameter anharmonic Kirkwood-Keating potential, which includes realistic distortion effect by introducing anharmonicity. Although the potential parameters were determined based on optical properties of the binary parent alloys InAs and GaAs, simulated dielectric functions, reflectance, and Raman spectra of alloys agree excellently with experimental data for any arbitrary atomic composition. For a wide range of atomic composition, InAs- and GaAs-bond retain their respective properties of binary parent crystals despite lattice and charge mismatch. It implies that use of the anharmonic Kirkwood-Keating potential may provide an optimal model system to investigate diverse and unique optical properties of quantum dot heterostructures by circumventing potential parameter searches for particular local structures.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2012

The microstructure and tensile properties of Al-Mn/Al-Si hybrid aluminum alloys prepared by electromagnetic duocasting were investigated. Only the Al-Mn alloy showed the typical cast microstructure of columnar and equiaxed crystals. The primary dendrites and eutectic structure were clearly observed in the Al-Si alloy. There existed a macro-interface of Al-Mn/Al-Si alloys in the hybrid aluminum alloys. The macro-interface was well bonded, and the growth of primary dendrites in Al-Si alloy occurred from the macro-interface. The Al-Mn/Al-Si hybrid aluminum alloys with a well-bonded macro-interface showed excellent tensile strength and 0.2% proof stress, both of which are comparable to those values for binary Al-Mn alloy, indicating that the strength is preferentially dominated by the deformation of the Al-Mn alloy side. However, the degree of elongation was between that of binary Al-Mn and Al-Si alloys. The Al-Mn/Al-Si hybrid aluminum alloys were fractured on the Al-Mn alloy side. This was considered to have resulted from the limited deformation in the Al-Mn alloy side, which led to relatively low elongation compared to the binary Al-Mn alloy.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.141-147
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• 2003

Sputter-deposited Nb-Al-Cr alloys. $3-5{\mu}m$ thick, have been prepared on quartz substrates as oxidation-and sulfidation-resistant materials at high temperatures. The oxidation or the alloys in the $Ar-O_2$ atmosphere of an oxygen partial pressure of 20 kPa follows approximately the parabolic rate law, thus being diffusion controlled. Their oxidation rates are almost the same as or even lower than those ofthc typical chromia-forming alloys. The multi-lavered oxide scales are formed on the ternary alloys. The outermost layer is composed of $Cr_2O_3$, which is"mainly responsible for the high oxidation'resistance of these alloys. In contrast to sputter-deposited Cr-Nb binary alloys reported previously, the inner layer is not porous. TEM observation as well as EDX analysis indicates that the innermost layer is a mixture of $Al_2O_3$ and niobium oxide. The dispersion of $Al_2O_3$ in niobium oxide may be attributable to the prevention of the formation of the porous oxide layer. The sulfidation rates of the present ternary alloys arc higher than those of the sputter-deposited Nb-AI binary alloys, but still several orders of magnitude lower than those of conventional high temperature alloys. Two-layered sulfide scales are formed, consisting of an outer $Al_2S_3$ layer containing chromium and an inner layer composed of $NbS_2$ and a small amount of $Cr_2S_3$. The presence of $Cr_2S_3$ in the inner protective $NbS_2$ layer may be attributed to the increase in the sulfidation rates.