• 약학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.449-458
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• 2005

There have been rapid changes in the pharmaceutical environment after the separation of Dispensing and Prescribing practice. In the early stage of this system, outpatients had few options to choose their pharmacies due to various obstacles. Under these circumstances, this study on the defection tendency of long-term care patients was performed through the analysis of outpatients who quit visiting a pharmacy nearby general hospital. PowerBuilder ver 9.0 program was used to extract significant data, and SPSS package was employed for statistic analysis. 3,308 outpatients who visited a pharmacy nearby hospital for a month (in January, 2004) were studied. Patients' sex, age and location of residence, the class of medical insurance, the characteristic type of medication (powder, split form, medication for external use/injection), waiting time, disease (department) were considered as variable factors. It turned out that the patient revisit ratio was 80.8$\%$ and the patient defection ratio was 32.4$\%$. As was expected, those factors mentioned above influenced on the revisit and defection ratio considerably. In terms of patient factors, it proved that there was no relationship among sex, location of residence, the class of medical insurance and revisit (defection) ratio. Only age factor influenced the ratio; the older, the higher revisit ratio and the less defection ratio. In respect of dispensing factors, there were obvious relationships among the factors and the ratio: bill (money they had to pay individually), waiting time, number of medications, splitting of tablets, unit price of drug and revisit (defection) ratio showed significant relationship. The result of this study revealed an aspect of outpatients' behavior and it could be used as a reference for better patient service and customer relationship management.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2016

본 연구는 2012년부터 2014년까지 국민연금 임의가입자의 계약자 및 계약특성이 해약 행동에 미치는 효과를 로지스틱 회귀모형을 사용하여 분석하였다. 첫째, 남성이 여성보다 탈퇴 오즈가 낮으며 신규가입자 집단에서는 더 큰 차이를 보인다. 둘째, 연령이 증가함에 따라 탈퇴 오즈는 증가하다가 감소하는 특징을 보인다. 셋째, 예상 수익비의 증가는 탈퇴 행동을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 2013년 국민연금과 기초연금 간 연계 안 발표 결과 전년도에 비해 탈퇴 오즈가 증가하였고 신규가입자 집단에서는 그 크기가 더 크게 나타났다. 다섯째, 17개 광역시 도를 기준으로 광역시 단위에 거주하는, 도시지역 가입자의 탈퇴 오즈가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 가입기간과 기준소득 월액과 같은 계약특성의 경우, 탈퇴 오즈에 미치는 영향은 유의미하지만 크기는 작게 나타났다. 본 연구는 향후 임의가입자 유형별 관리방안에 대한 아이디어를 제시하고 특히 예상 수익비의 변화가 해약률에 미치는 영향을 예측할 수 있음을 보였다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.131-156
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• 1999

최근의 통상환경중 "Logistics" 혁명을 통한 컨테이너 운송의 신속화, 인터넷혁명을 통한 전자상거래 활성화는 EDI, EC등을 통해 "Paperless trade"가 실현을 앞당기고 있다. 본 논고는 이러한 물류혁명과 인터넷 정보기술의 발달로 대두되는 문제중 기존의 종이서류로서의 운송서류를 전자식 운송서류로 대체하는데 따른 문제점과 이의 활성화 방안에 대해서 살펴보고자 한다. 인터넷 전자거래가 활성화되어지면 기존의 종이서류들은 전자메시지로 대체될 것으로 여겨진다. 이에 따라 전자계약서, 전자송장, 전자보험증권, 전자선하증권 등이 출현할 것이지만 이중 무엇보다도 전자식 운송서류중 유통성 운송서류의 전자화는 그간 전자화의 핵심부문으로 여겨서 상당한 중요성을 두어왔다. 현재 이용되는 유통성 운송서류는 그간 선하증권의 지연도착문제와 이에 따른 추가 경비의 소요, 또한 선하증권 발급에 따른 부대경비의 과다소비, 종이서류로서의 선하증권의 위조에 따른 사기문제 등에 제기되어 졌고 이에 따라 선취화물보상장 등의 현실적 대안이 제시되었지만 이 또한 여러 문제점을 야기시켜왔다. 전자식 운송서류는 이러한 문제점을 다소 해소할 수 있는 방안으로 알려져 왔다. 전자거래가 활성활 될 미래에는 운송서류의 전자화는 필연적으로 대두되게 될 것이고, 이러한 전자화에 있어 해상운송장의 사용은 바람직한 모델로 여겨지고 있다. 그렇지만 전매가 잦은 산업에 있어 해상운송장은 자체의 유통성의 미비로 인해 그 사용에 문제점이 있고, 실제 상관행에서 많은 이점을 가진 선하증권의 발행 욕구를 충족시켜 줄 수 있어야 할 것이다. 본 논고에서는 전자식 운송서류의 활성화 방안으로 첫째, 전자식 운송서류에 관한 법률정비가 필요할 것으로 여겨지며 둘째, 유통성 전자식 운송서류에 있어 관리기관의 안정성이 확보되어야 할 것으로 여겨지며 셋째, UCP에서 전자식 운송서류에 관한 조항이 삽입되어져야 할것으로 여겨지며 넷째, 여러 측면에서 우위성을 지닌 전자무역거래의 활성화는 점차적으로 운송서류의 전자화를 활성화시키는데 반드시 필요한 명제로 등장할 것으로 여겨진다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.160-169
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• 2010

내역서를 기반으로 하는 국내 공공공사의 기성 산정 방법은 작업진도의 산출과 무관한 기성고 산정과 많은 양의 서류작성과 복잡한 절차 등의 많은 문제점이 있다. 국가계약법에서 정식과 약식 기성 산정 방법으로 구분되며, 이중에서 약식 기성 산정 방법은 절차와 신청서류를 간소화하여 이와 같은 문제점을 상당 부분 해결 가능하지만 이의 활용이 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 작업분류체계의 수립과 이를 기반으로 선정된 대표공종의 진도율을 이용하여 기성을 산정하는 방법을 제안하였으며, 자연형 하천공사의 실적공사 데이터를 수집하여 이를 적용을 통한 국내 공공공사의 기성 산정 방법과의 비교를 통해, 기성 산정을 위한 관리항목의 감소로 인한 업무 부담의 감소와 빠르고 효과적인 기성 산정을 통한 업무효율의 증가 등 그 효율성을 검증하였다. 이러한 기성 산정 방법론의 도입은 기존 방법의 문제점 해결을 통한 업무효율의 증가뿐만 아니라 향후 공공공사의 사업관리에 있어서 그 효율성이 검증된 공정-공사비 통합관리의 기반을 다지는 데 있어 큰 의미가 있다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2005

We investigated the changes of volatile flavor components from Codonopsis lanceolata, which were packed in woven polypropylene(WP) film or low density polyethylene(LDPE) film and stored for 15 and 30 days at refrigerated($2{\∼}4^{\circ}C$ ) or room($18{\∼}20^{\circ}C$) temperature. A hundred and sixty seven volatile flavor components in the fresh C. lanceolata were identified by GC/MS analysis. When determining the flavor components from C. lanceolata cultivated on a wild hill and stored at 4 conditions for 30days, six volatile components such as 1-hexadecene, 2,6-dimethyl-2-octanol, 2-methyl-2-dodecanol, $\alpha$-guaiene, $\delta$-cadinene and trans-2-hexen-1-ol were detected as common components of all stored samples, and The types of common flavor components of C. lanceolata were different according to storage conditions. The numbers were 16 from refrigerated, 7 from room temperature stored, and 10 components from WP or LDPE packed conditions, respectively. The total peak area ratio of the major 10 compounds were $52.0{\∼}86.8\%$, and the percentage of trans-2-hexen-1-ol, which was the only common compound among the major 10 components, was the highest as $26.4{\∼}68.1\%$ The major flavor profile, describe by highly trained panel, were green, aldehydic, earthy and camphoreous. As the result from sensory evaluation, the freshness of C. lanceolata was maintained better by controlling storage temperature rather than selection of package materials. The best condition for characteristic flavor of C. lanceolata was packing with LDPE and chilling.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.37-55
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• 2012

Here we show that perchlorate reduction during pitting corrosion of zero-valent titanium (ZVT) is likely caused by dissolved titanium species, especially Ti(II). Several possible mechanisms were suggested based on the literature and were evaluated based on experimental observations. Direct reduction of perchlorate on the bare metal of the ZVT electrode was thermodynamically infeasible due to the high anodic potential that was applied. Other potential mechanisms were considered such as reduction by small ZVT metal particles released from the electrode and direct reduction on the oxide layer of the electrode where potential was sufficiently reduced by a high ohmic potential drop. However, these mechanisms were not supported by experimental results. The most likely mechanism for perchlorate reduction was that during pitting corrosion, in which ZVT is partially oxidized to form dissolved ions such as Ti(II), which diffuse from the electrode surface and react with perchlorate in solution. This mechanism is supported by measurements of the dissolution valence and the molar ratio of ZVT consumed to perchlorate reduced (${\Delta}Ti(0)/{\Delta}ClO_4{^-}$). The results shown in this study demonstrate that ZVT undergoing pitting corrosion has the capability to chemically reduce perchlorate by producing dissolved Ti(II) and therefore, it has the potential to be applied in treatment systems. On the other hand, the results of this research imply that the application of ZVT undergoing pitting corrosion in treatment systems may not be feasible now due to several factors, including material and electricity costs and possible chloride oxidation.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제25권
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• pp.163-187
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• 2004

본 연구는 우리나라 지역신문이 안고있는 문제의 인식과 함께 이에 대한 해결방안을 현실적으로 구체화할 수 있는 가능성과 한계에 대하여 고찰하는 데에 그 목적을 두었다. 구체적으로 지역신문의 활성화를 위한 정책 및 법제 차원의 활성화 방안은 무엇인지를 연구문제로 설정하고 고찰해보았다. 기본적으로 지역언론 활성화 담론은 지역분권의 함의와 그 기능적 축의 하나로서 접목되어 논의되는 것이 중요하다. 또한 지역신문들이 먼저 문제의식을 갖고 스스로 개혁을 통해 해결하려는 노력이 있어야 하며 필요시 이와 더불어 지역신문들이 안고있는 구조적 문제들은 정책적 및 법제도적 육성지원 방안의 차원에서 국가가 활성화시키는 것이 적절하다고 하겠다. 지역언론 활성화 논의는 지역간 균형있는 언론과 그에 따른 다양한 여론의 공존을 기할 수 있다는 점에서 큰 의미가 있으며 이는 지역언론의 풀뿌리 민주주의 보호와 참된 언론개혁을 지향한다는 점에서도 필요하다. 그간 침체되어온 지역신문은 활성화하기 위한 방안으로서 정책적 및 법제도적 차원에서의 논의는 이러한 점에서 의미가 있다고 하겠다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2012

It could be debated that the owners were indemnified from the charterers even in respect of the loss of deck cargo caused by the negligence on the part of the owners' servants by a clause 13(b) of NYPE(1993) form, where NYPE(1993) incorporated the Hague/Visby Rules by a paramount clause and did not contained an on deck statement to state or identify what or how much deck cargo was being carried, however the relevant bills of lading all had such statement. The socol 3 of U.K. is a very helpful decision on (1) an on deck statement in bill of lading was sufficient to exclude application of the Hague/Visby Rules to the carriage of deck cargo, as a result, the clause 13(b) should not be null and void by the clause 3(8) of the Hague/Visby Rules (3) the clause 13(b) could not protect the owners from the loss and/or liability caused by negligence and/or breach of the obligation of seaworthiness on the part of the owners, their servants and agents. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to critically analyze the decision in the socol 3, and provide the decision's practical implications in order to prevent legal disputes as to the on deck carriage between the owners and the charterters.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제7권
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• pp.141-168
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• 2001

The causes that the transparency of Korean accounting information was rated low, a short supply of faithful and transparent accounting information from the limitation of external audit environment must be pointed out. Purpose of the external audit is a expression of the auditors about that financial statements an enterprise made public were appropriately drew up in accordance with the corporate accounting principles from important point of view. Analysis of the audit opinion and so fourth according to 6,541 individual audit reports and introduced to the bill securities forward committee as a subject of external audit according to the raw of corporation external audit show that considerable change to the contents of audit report. This show as it is that uncertainty of future that is now being faced by our enterprise, because corporation which present audit reports since 1997 because of enterprise dishonor and contents of existence probability as a continued enterprise following to general economic crisis after 1998 occupy important position in special matters of audit report. Also, increase in special matters is due to application of the corporate accounting principles revised on December 11, 1998. In 1999, audit opinion under limitation(limitation, incongruity and rejecting opinion) increased greatly according to existence doubt as a continued enterprise, and this is the consequence of strengthening audit to the continues enterprise because of limited enterprise dishonor according to the stagnancy of business activities after 1997. Now financial supervisory service put in effect electromagnetic public announcement system about a project report of listed corporation (including an audit report) keeping pace with a documentary public announcement system as first phase since 1999 and expand to the unlisted corporation from 2000. As electromagnetic public announcement of public announcement documents including audit documents of external audit subject get a duty, approach of external user to the accounting information will be easier. Fixation of this system will make deep and wide analysis to the audit opinion, and this will draw up a plan to reconsider confidence of accounting information.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.121-133
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• 2008

In manufacturing companies, engineering information is a central data which defines a product to be produced. This is changed by various factors such as changes of product configuration, changes of drawings information of a technology's licensor, etc, and these changes essentially accompany the changes of a product BOM (Bill of Materials) structure. Thus, engineering changes gives a heavy burden to information management within enterprise because the changes of product BOM have an influence on each departmental BOM such as a procurement BOM, a manufacturing BOM, a quotation BOM, etc. Especially, these changes of product BOM due to the engineering changes is inevitably and frequently happened by a customer's requirements in a customer-oriented make-to-order manufacturing environments. In these manufacturing environments, information gap among each department from the first contact point of customer to engineering, materials, production, quality, and management is very close, and thus it is very important that the change information of product BOM due to changes of product specification and engineering information are efficiently communicated among each department. This paper describes a procedure of determining product specification and of generating product BOM, and proposes an efficient management scheme for the change process of product BOM information due to changes of product specification and engineering. Also, to show the effectiveness of the proposed product BOM management scheme, a product BOM management system is implemented for the ship engine division of 'H' company, one of customer-oriented make-to-order manufacturing enterprises.