• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1196-1202
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• 2005

Omeprazole (OMP) is a proton pump inhibitor used as an oral treatment for acid-related gastrointestinal disorders. In the liver, it is primarily metabolized by cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) isoenzymes such as CYP2C19 and CYP3A4. 5-Hyroxyomeprazole (5-OHOMP) and omeprazole sulfone (OMP-SFN) are the two major metabolites of OMP in human. Cimetidine (CMT) inhibits the breakdown of drugs metabolized by CYP450 and reduces, the clearance of coad-ministered drug resulted from both the CMT binding to CYP450 and the decreased hepatic blood flow due to CMT. Phenobarbital (PB) induces drug metabolism in laboratory animals and human. PB induction mainly involves mammalian CYP forms in gene families 2B and 3A. PB has been widely used as a prototype inducer for biochemical investigations of drug metabolism and the enzymes catalyzing this metabolism, as well as for genetic, pharmacological, and toxicological investigations. In order to investigate the influence of CMT and PB on the metabolite kinetics of OMP, we intravenously administered OMP (30 mg/kg) to rats intraperitoneally pretreated with normal saline (5 mL/kg), CMT (100 mg/kg) or PB (75 mg/kg) once a day for four days, and compared the pharmacokinetic parameters of OMP. The systemic clearance ($CL_{t}$) of OMP was significantly (p<0.05) decreased in CMT-pretreated rats and significantly (p<0.05) increased in PB-pretreated rats. These results indicate that CMT inhibits the OMP metabolism due to both decreased hepatic blood flow and inhibited enzyme activity of CYP2C19 and 3A4 and that PB increases the OMP metabolism due to stimulation of the liver blood flow and/or bile flow, due not to induction of the enzyme activity of CYP3A4.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2010

Background : The human being and the bacteria have accomplished a balance and have coexisted each other during long time. Probiotics have evolved with the human host to exist and the result they have operated profitably to human host. So it requires that the functions of probiotics are expounded in view of Traditional Korean Medicine. Aim : Suggest the functions of probiotics in view of Traditional Korean Medicine. Method : The author's research has been performed to review the related references. Results : Probiotics assist the absorption of the lactose, proteins and minerals and product several kinds of vitamins, organic acids. Probiotics suppresses the growth of noxious bacteria and the production of harmful substances or gases. They absorbed and discharge the bile acid, and thus help us maintain the optimal level of blood cholesterol concentration. They can reinforce the immune response of the mucous membrane and control the hypersensitivity immune reaction such as asthma, atopy on the other hand. Probiotics have right functions as above and so can be applied widely in treatment of various disease and symptom. Conclusion : Considering the functions of probiotics in view of Traditional Korean Medicine, they participate in our spleen-earth-system (digestion and synthesis) and liver-wood-system (regulation of digestion, metabolism, internal secretion etc.), assist the function of lung-metal system(respiration and regulation of water metabolism) and regulate wi-chi (reinforce/control immune system). Consequently, hereafter there would be a necessity of control a circumstance in treatment of various diseases under these categories that probiotics should be able to do their right functions inside the human body.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.426-431
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• 2007

5개월령 암컷 샤모에드종 개가 운동 불내성과 간성뇌증과 관련된 신경증상으로 내원하였다. 임상검사상 간헐적 발작, 빈혈, 식전/식후 담즙산 농도 상승, 저단백혈증 및 빌리루빈뇨증이 관찰되었다. 진단영상검사에서 간내 문정맥 문합이 확인되었다. 문합이 일어난 문맥혈관을 경정맥을 통한 embolization coil을 이용하여 성공적으로 폐색시켰다. 환자의 임상증상은 점진적으로 개선되었다. 본 증례는 대형품종 개에서 발생한 간내 문정맥 문합을 embolization coil을 이용하여 성공적으로 치료한 증례이다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.1-33
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• 1992

In order to observe clinical effect of Gamikeguntang(加味柱芎湯) and Gamikuyibitang(加味歸脾湯), I reached following conclusion through the clinical pathology and physicohemical investigation, The following results were obtained. 1) The amplirude on AVL lead which is observed in ECG was increased significantly both in medication group of Gamikegungtang (加味柱芎湯) and of Gamikegungtang(加味歸脾湯). 2) In Hematology, the values of RBC, Hb and Hct are totally increased in the medication group of Gamikuyibitang(加味歸脾湯). 3) In serum Lipid, Total cholesterol and Tryglyceride are significantly decreased and HDL-cholesteral is significantly increased both in medication group of Gamikegungtang(加味柱芎湯) and Gamikuyibitang(加味歸脾湯). Especiay, HDL-cholesterol is remarkably increased in the medication group of Gamikegungtang(加味柱芎湯). 4) The serum Bile acid is remarkably decreased in the medication group of Gamikegungtang(加味柱芎湯), but is not in the medication group of Gamikuyibitang(加味歸脾湯). 5) The value of Cardiac enzyme is remarkably decreased both in the medication group of Gamikegungtang(加味柱芎湯) and Gamikuyibitnag(加味歸脾湯). especially, in the group of Gamikuybitang(加味歸脾湯). 6) In determination of LDH isoenzyme, $LD_4$ is remarkably decreased in the medication group of Gamikegungtang(加味柱芎湯) and $LD_1\;LD_2$ are remarkably decreased in the medication group of Gamikuyibitang(加味歸脾湯). In view of the result so far achieved, I knew that Gamikegungtang(加味柱芎湯) had an indirect effect on Palpitation which is called mental disorder by means of treatment of liver and gall bladder disease, and that Gamiluyibitang(加味歸脾湯) make increase activation of heart whose blood is deficient( 心血不足). In conclusion, I think that we need comparative studies between the main prescription of Kegungtang(柱芎湯). Kuyibitnag(歸脾湯) and the additional prescription of them from now on.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2002

저자들은 반복되는 저혈당과 점차 진행하는 담즙정체를 보이는 3개월 된 여아에서 호르몬 검사와 뇌 자기공명영상으로 뇌하수체 기능저하증을 진단하고 이에 대한 갑상선호르몬과 부신피질호르몬 치료 후 담즙정체가 호전되는 것을 경험하였기에 이를 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.127-140
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• 1994

The effect of milk in low and high cholesterol diet was invesigated on serum cholesterol metabolism and lipid contents of serum, aorta, liver of rats. Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into low(0.01% w/w) and high(1.01% w/w) cholesterol-diets groups. Low cholesterol groups subdivided into four groups ; control group was given water and three milk groups were given low heat milk(LM), ultra-high heat milk(HM), and powder milk(PM), respectivily, instead of water. High cholesterol groups were consisted of three groups ; control, LM, and HM groups. After feeding these experimental diets for six weeks, lipid levels were measured in serum and tissure and dried feces were analyzed for neutral and acidic sterols. Results obtained from this study are as follows : 1) Nutrient intakes, body weight gains and aorta weights did not differ among groups, but liver weights were higher in high cholesterol fed rats than low cholesterol fed rats. 2) Serum protein contents were increased independently by intakes of high cholesterol and milk. 3) Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were increased but phospholipid levels and HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratios were decreased by high cholesterol in diet. And milk supplementation decreased serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels but increased phospholipid levels and HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratios. 4) Contents of cholesterol and triglyceride in aorta and liver were elevated by dietary high cholesterol and lowered by consumption of all three types of milk. 5) Levels of cholesterol and triglyceride among serum, aorta and liver were highly correlated (r=0.7-0.9, p<0.001). 6) Fecal excretion of total sterols was three times high in high cholesterol group, compared with low cholesterol groups and were increased about 20% by milk consumption. 7) The effects of milk were more pronouncely shown in low cholesterol groups and mostly confined to LM and HM groups, rarely shown in PM group. It is concluded from the present study that milk had the hypolipidemic as well as hypocholes terolemic effect, which appears to be mediated through increased fecal bile acid excretion. But the effect is likely to be shaded by excess consumption of dietary cholesterol and was almost absent in powder milk.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.933-936
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• 2001

본 연구는 건강한 20대 한국 성인의 장에서 내산성과 내담즙성이 강한 비피더스균을 분리하여 비피더스균의 형철 콜레스테롤 저하 효과를 알아보기 위하여 체중 200g 정도 되는 Sprague-Dawley 종 희준 숫컷을 대상으로 우유, 비피더스균을 첨가항 우유, 캡슐화된 비피더스균을 첨가한 우유와 비피더스균에 의해 발혀된 발효유를 투여한 결과 우유, 비피더스 균을 첨가한 우유와 캡슐화된 비피더스균을 첨가항 우유를 투여한 실험군에서 혈청 콜레스테롤 저하 효과가 나타나지 않았으나 비피더스 발효유를 먹인 실험군에서 혈청 콜레스테롤 저하시키는 효과를 볼 수 있었으므로 혈청 콜레스테롤 저하 효과를 나타내는 것은 발효유에 있는 젖산균 그 자체가 아니라 발효유라는 결과를 얻었다.

• 지질동맥경화학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2018

Lowering serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is the mainstay for reduction of risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the second most common cause of death in Korea. The 2015 Korean guidelines for management of dyslipidemia strongly recommend the use of statins in patients at risk of CVD. Statin therapy, which is the gold standard for CVD, reduces LDL-C level by 40% to 60% and is generally well tolerated. However, many patients are intolerant to statins and discontinue therapy or become nonadherent to therapy because of actual/perceived side effects. The most common of these side effects is the statin-associated muscle symptom (SAMS). Discontinuation and repetitive re-challenge with statins can help identify SAMS. If serum creatinine kinase level is more than 10 times the upper limit of normal, statin therapy must be stopped immediately, and the physician should identify possible causes including rhabdomyolysis and treat appropriately. In other patients, it might help to switch to a less potent statin or to use statins at intermittent non-daily dosing. To achieve target LDL-C level, non-statin lipid-lowering therapies such as dietary modifications, ezetimibe, and bile acid sequestrants may be added. Several new drugs have recently been approved for lowering LDL-C level. Alirocumab and evolocumab are monoclonal antibodies that inhibit proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, and both drugs cause large reductions in LDL-C, similar to statins. Lomitapide and mipomersen are orphan drugs used as adjuncts to other lipid-lowering therapies in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.313-319
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• 2018

Halophilic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from myeolchi-jeotgal (23% NaCl, w/v) fermented in jangdok (Korean earthenware) located outside a house. They were identified as Tetragenococcus halophilus by 16S rRNA and recA gene sequencing. Four T. halophilus isolates showing high protease activities were selected for further studies. Four strains grew well, reaching $OD_{600}$ values of 0.75-0.92 at 18% NaCl content (w/v) and 0.28-0.44 at 23% salt. They showed rapid growth, attaining $OD_{600}$ values of 1.1-1.2 at $20-30^{\circ}C$, but did not grow at $4^{\circ}C$. At $15^{\circ}C$, the highest $OD_{600}$ values, which exceeded 0.6, were observed at 20 days, and were higher than those of cultures at $37^{\circ}C$ and $42^{\circ}C$ (approximately 0.5). Four isolates grew best in broth where the initial pH was adjusted to 8 and did not grow at $pH{\leq}4$. T. halophilus BS2-36 showed the highest survival ratio of 18.7% after 2 hours of exposure at pH 3. BS2-36 showed the highest survival ratio (1.29%) in presence of 0.3% bile salts. T. halophilus BS2-36 seems a promising candidate as a starter for jeotgal and other fermented foods with high salinities.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1478-1487
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• 2019

Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, substantially impacts patients' health-related quality of life. In this study, an effective strategy for discovering high-efficiency probiotics has been developed. First, in order to survive in the conditions of the stomach and intestine, high bile salt-resistant and strong acid-resistant strains were screened out from the fecal flora of healthy adults. Next, the probiotic candidates were rescreened by examining the induction ability of IL-10 (anti-inflammatory factor) production in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mice, and Lactobacillus sakei 07 (L07) was identified and selected as probiotic P. In the end, fourteen bifidobacterium strains isolated from stools of healthy males were examined for their antimicrobial activity. Bifidobacterium bifidum B10 (73.75% inhibition rate) was selected as probiotic B. Moreover, the colonic IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ expression of the DSS-induced colitis mice treated with L. sakei 07 (L07) - B. bifidum B10 combination (PB) significantly decreased and the IL-10 expression was up-regulated by PB compared to the DSS group. Furthermore, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria decreased and Firmicutes increased in the DSS group mice, significantly. More interestingly, the intestinal flora biodiversity of DSS colitis mice was increased by PB. Of those, the level of B. bifidum increased significantly. The Bacteriodetes/Firmicutes (B/F) ratio increased, and the concentration of homocysteine and LPS in plasma was down-regulated by PB in the DSS-induced colitis mice. Upon administration of PB, the intestinal permeability of the the DSS-induced colitis mice was decreased by approximately 2.01-fold. This method is expected to be used in high-throughput screening of the probiotics against colitis. In addition, the L. sakei 07 - B. bifidum B10 combination holds potential in UC remission by immunomodulatory and gut microbiota modulation.