• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.661-665
• /
• 2002

In order to develop ginseng tea powder with spore forming lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus sporogenes was used. In the jar fermentor experiment under optimal culture conditions, the number of spore of L. sporogenes reached about $20{\times}10^8\;CFU/mL$ and sporulation rate was 97%. Granulated ginseng tea was made from glucose 7 kg, lactose 2 kg, ginseng extract 1 kg and spores 5 g $(5200{\times}10^8\;CFU/g)$. In the treatment of artificial gastric juice (pH 3.0) for 4 h and artificial bile for 8 h, the survival rate of spores in the granulated ginseng tea was 55.4% and 90.0% respectively. The spores survived 77.6% after incubation for 20 min in boiled water. Its storage stability was about 75% for 12 months at room temperature.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.567-573
• /
• 2001

Lactobacilli have been generally recognized as an important lactic acid bacteria present in the normal human intestinal flora. Fifty two Lactobacillus isolates were recovered from the feces of healthy Koreans whose age ranged from thirteen days after birth to 37 years. Among the isolates above, 17 isolates were tentatively identified as strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus and 3 isolates as strains of Lactobacillus casei. For their characterization, these twenty isolates were subjected to the experiments for the resistance to the artificial gastric juice, pH2.5 and bile salt. Interestingly, 3 strains survived pH 2.5 after 3 hour incubation in the artificial gastric juice with more than 75% of survival rate. L. acidophilus a-4 had the highest survival rate of 100%. Four strains including L. acidophilus a-3 grew gradually in MRS broth in the presence of the artificial bile salt. Cholesterol assimilation was also tested for the 20 isolates. The result showed that cholesterol concentration of the medium was reduced by 10 Lactobacillus isolates with more than 60%, as compared to the control. L. acidophilus a-2 had the highest reduction rate of 77%. Judging from these data obtained in vitro, some isolates ware likely to reach the lower small intestine after consumption without a significant loss of viability, suggesting that they had the potential to be developed as a probiotic culture which might lower the cholesterol level in human.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.190-197
• /
• 2013

Three slime-forming lactic acid bacteria were isolated from traditional Korean fermented soy sauce and soybean paste and shown to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) in sucrose media. By isolating the strains, examining their morphological characteristics and determining their 16S rDNA sequences, N58-5 and K6-7 were identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides and N45- 10 as Leuconostoc citreum. The acid and bile tolerances of these three strains were investigated. Amongst the three lactic acid bacteria, Leuc. citreum N45-10 exhibited the highest viability ($10^5-10^6$ CFU/ml) in 0.05 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 0.3) for 2 h, in artificial gastric juice for 2 h and in 0.3%, 0.5% oxgall for 24h. Leuc. mesenteroides K6-7, N58-5 and Leuc. citreum N45- 10 were grown in sucrose liquid medium and 8.16 g/L, 3.65 g/L, 16.17 g/L of EPS was collected, respectively. The hydrolyzed EPS was analyzed by HPLC in order to determine the sugar composition of EPS. Leuc. mesenteroides K6-7 and N58-5 showed two peaks indicating glucose and fructose, thus they were determined to be hetero-type polysaccharides. Leuc. citreum N45-10 showed only the glucose polymer, indicating it to be a homo-type polysaccharide. In addition, all three lactic acid bacterial hemolysis did not demonstrate a clear zone in blood agar in the area surrounding a lactic acid bacteria colony.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.823-831
• /
• 1995

The composition of rumen volatile fatty acids(VFA) and the blood chemistry were investigated in 5 clinically health dairy cows(Group I) reared on dairy farms and in 5 cows with post-parturition(POP) primary ketosis(Group II). The determinations were performed on days 5 to 7 pre-parturition(PRP), immediately POP, and on days 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 POP. In both groups, the total VFA levels gradually increased starting from day 5 POP, but the levels were lower in Group II than in Group I. With regard to POP. changes in the composition of VFA, Group II occasionally showed lower levels of acetic acid and caproic acid than did Group I. Blood glucose levels decreased POP in both groups. In contrast, blood levels of ketone bodies and 3-hydroxybutyric acid were increased POP, but there was no statistically by significant difference between the groups. The aspartate aminotransferase level was transiently increased immediately POP in both groups, and the increase was more marked in Group II than in Group I. Both groups showed a tendency for total cholesterol, free cholesterol, ester cholesterol, phospholipid, and total bile acid to be increased POP, but there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Clinically healthy dairy cows also showed POP changes in the composition of VFA and blood similar to those in dairy cows with ketosis, suggesting that even apparently healthy cows are at risk of subclinical ketosis POP.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.165-175
• /
• 2010

Valproic acid (VPA) is a well-known anticonvulsive agent and has been used in the treatment of epilepsy for almost 30 years. VPA emerged in 1997 as an antineoplastic agent as well, when findings indicated the substance inhibited proliferation and induced differentiation of primitive neuroectocdermal tumor cells in vivo (Cinatl et al., 1997). Antitmor activity of VPA is associated with its targeting histone deacetylases. Bile acids and their synthetic derivatives induced apoptosis in various kinds of cancer cells and anticancer effects. It has been reported that the synthetic chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) derivatives showed apoptosis-inducing activity on various cancer cells in vitro. This study was undertaken to investigate the synergistic apoptotic effect of co-treatment with the histone deacetylases inhibitor, VPA and a CDCA derivative, HS-1200 on human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells. Cell viability was evaluated by trypan-blue exclusion. Induction and augmentation of apoptosis were confirmed by Hoechst staining, flow cytometry (DNA hypoploidy and MMP change), Westen blot analysis and immunofluorescent staining. In this study, HOS cells co-treated with VPA and HS-1200 showed several lines of apoptotic manifestation such as nuclear condensations, the reduction of MMP, the decrease of DNA content, the release of cytochrome c into cytosol, the translocation of AIF onto nuclei, and activation of caspase-7, caspase-3 and PARP whereas each single treated HOS cells did not. Although the single treatment of 1 mM VPA or $25\;{\mu}M$ HS-1200 for 48 h did not induce apoptosis, the co-treatment of them induced prominently apoptosis. Therefore our data provide the possibility that combination therapy of VPA and HS-1200 could be considered as a novel therapeutic strategy for human osteosarcoma.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.576-584
• /
• 1988

Neutral detergent fiber(NDF) were extracted from the Nampung, Milyang #23, Whasung and Jinhung varieties of rice by neutral detergent fiber method. To determine the properties of NDF three factors were measured : water-binding capacity(WBC), Fe-binding capacity and sodium taurocholate binding with NDF. The average WBC of NDF was $5.60{\pm}0.87gH_2O/g$ NDF, and the average Fe-binding capacity ranged from 24.63% at pH 5.0 to 19.6% at pH 6.0 and 48.98% at pH 7.0. Binding of sodium taurocholate with NDF was determined in vitro using C-14 labeled sodium taurocholate at 100M sodium taurocholate concentrations. NDF binding of Jinhung was 27.87 while Nampung, Milyang #23 and Whasung measured 32% each. When sodium taurocholate concentrations were raised from $40{\mu}M\;to\;240{\mu}M$ the tendency of binding increased as the concentrations increased, but not linearly.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.454-458
• /
• 1997

Two human liver UDP-glucuronosyltransferase cDNA clones, HLUG25 and UDPGTh2 were previously shown to encode isozymes active in the glucuronidation of hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) and certain estrogen derivatives (e.g., estriol and 3,4-catechol estrogens), respectively. in this study we have found that the UDPGTh2-encoded isoform (UDPGTh2) and HLUG25-encoded isoform (UDPGThl) have parallel aglycone specificities. When expressed in COS 1 cells, each isoform metabolized three types of dihydroxy- or trihydroxy-substituted ring structures, including the 3,4-catechol estrogen (4-hydroxyestrone), estriol, 17-epiestriol, and HDCA, but the UDPGTh2 isozyme was 100-fold more efficient than UDPGTh1. UDPGTh1 and UDPGTh2 were 86% identical overall (76 differences out of 528 amino acids), including 55 differences in the first 300 amino acids of the amino terminus, a domain which conferred the substrate specificity. The data indicated that a high level of conservation in the amino terminus was not required for the preservation of substrate selectivity. Analysis of glucuronidation activity encoded by UDPGTh1/UDPGTh2 chimeric cDNA constructed at their common restriction sites, Sac I (codon 297), Nco I (codon 385), and Hha I (codon 469), showed that nine amino acids between residues 385 and 469 were important for catalytic efficiency, suggesting that this region represented a domain which was critical for the catalysis but distinct from that responsible for aglycone-selection. These data indicate that UDPGTh2 is a primary isoform responsible for the detoxification of the bile salt intermediate as well as the active estrogen intermediates.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.593-596
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate normal hepatobiliary functions in healthy miniature pigs. $^{99m}Tc-DISIDA$ hepatobiliary scintigraphy(HBS) was used for it. Five mCi dose of $^{99m}Tc-DISIDA$ was injected intravenously into 3 healthy adult miniature pigs, and dynamic images were obtained during 1 hour. $^{99m}Tc-DISIDA$ HBS in a miniature pig was evaluated for 6 variables. A cardiac washout occurred within 1 min in all miniature pigs and radioactivities in the gallbladder were not detected in two miniature pigs. Thus, the initial radioactivity and Tmax of the gallbladder were non-available to identify. Mean Tmax of liver was $8.67{\pm}2.08$ min and initial small intestinal radioactivity was seen at $9.67{\pm}2.52$ min after $^{99m}Tc-DISIDA$ injection. Mean hepatic washout time was not detected in 60 min dynamic images. Therefore, $^{99m}Tc-DISIDA$ HBS is the effective diagnostic method to evaluate the function of hepatocyte and bile flow rate. However, it was not a proper method to evaluate the function of gallbladder, which indicates that an additional study is needed to further specify the reasons for the absence of radioactivities in gallbladder of two miniature pigs.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.298-303
• /
• 2002

Optimal mixing renditions of sub-ingredients(citron, apple, carrot and mushroom) for preparation of kimchi tablet were investigated by response surface methodology. Hardness of kimchi tablet was low with the addition of 0.75 g carrot powder but increased as increasing of mushroom amount. Hue angle of kimchi tablet was 83 ∼86 degree when the amount of citron, apple, carrot and mushroom was lower than 0.5 g. Solubility in artificial bile acid of kimchi tablet was not affected by the addition of carrot and was high in the group with 1.0 g mushroom added and the group with 0.75 g apple added. Flavor of kimchi tablet was better as increasing of the amounts of apple and carrot added. The results of investigating the effects of independent factors on each response variable showed that only carrot affected on the hue angle of tablet and other sub-ingredients not affecting on response variable. Therefore, carrot, apple and mushroom could be added in a wide range of concentration around 0.75 g.

• CELLMED
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.21.1-21.5
• /
• 2013

Cholesterol gallstones are a digestive disease of high prevalence that has many risk factors; for this reason, research has focused mainly on how to prevent it rather than how to treat it. Many molecules of the hepatic, bile and intestinal systems are involved in the pathophysiology of this disease, making it very difficult to find a therapeutic target. The pharmacological treatment is limited, so when gallstones generate symptoms, medical treatment indicates gallbladder removal. Ursodeoxycholic acid is used to dissolve cholesterol stones, and ezetimibe and statins are other drugs with possible applications in the treatment of this disease. Given the small number of drugs that have been developed for treating this disease, the research of natural products becomes of paramount importance. Resources such as black radish, glucosinolates, fenugreek, capsaicin, curcumin, garlic, and onion, have all shown significant effects in the prevention and treatment of cholesterol gallstones. In this review, we made a synthesis of the scientific reports that deal with these natural products and that can serve as antecedents for finding a way to treat the most common disease of the gallbladder.