• Title/Summary/Keyword: Bile

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Isolation and Characterization of Exopolysaccharide Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria from Korean Soy Sauce and Soybean Paste (전통 장류로부터 Exopolysaccharide 생성 유산균의 분리 및 특성)

  • Yun, Hye Ju;Lee, You Jung;Yeo, Soo-Hwan;Park, Hye Young;Park, Heui-Dong;Baek, Seong Yeol
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.41 no.2
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    • pp.190-197
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    • 2013
  • Three slime-forming lactic acid bacteria were isolated from traditional Korean fermented soy sauce and soybean paste and shown to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) in sucrose media. By isolating the strains, examining their morphological characteristics and determining their 16S rDNA sequences, N58-5 and K6-7 were identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides and N45- 10 as Leuconostoc citreum. The acid and bile tolerances of these three strains were investigated. Amongst the three lactic acid bacteria, Leuc. citreum N45-10 exhibited the highest viability ($10^5-10^6$ CFU/ml) in 0.05 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 0.3) for 2 h, in artificial gastric juice for 2 h and in 0.3%, 0.5% oxgall for 24h. Leuc. mesenteroides K6-7, N58-5 and Leuc. citreum N45- 10 were grown in sucrose liquid medium and 8.16 g/L, 3.65 g/L, 16.17 g/L of EPS was collected, respectively. The hydrolyzed EPS was analyzed by HPLC in order to determine the sugar composition of EPS. Leuc. mesenteroides K6-7 and N58-5 showed two peaks indicating glucose and fructose, thus they were determined to be hetero-type polysaccharides. Leuc. citreum N45-10 showed only the glucose polymer, indicating it to be a homo-type polysaccharide. In addition, all three lactic acid bacterial hemolysis did not demonstrate a clear zone in blood agar in the area surrounding a lactic acid bacteria colony.

The analysis of ethylene glycol and metabolites in biological specimens (생체시료에서 에틸렌 글리콜과 그 대사체 분석에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Seh-Youn;Kim, Yu-Na;Kim, Nam-Yee
    • Analytical Science and Technology
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.69-77
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    • 2011
  • Ethylene glycol (EG) is produced commercially in large amounts and is widely used as antifreeze or deicing solution for cars, boats, and aircraft. EG poisoning occurs in suicide attempts and infrequently, either intentionally through misuse or accidental as EG has a sweet taste. EG has in itself a low toxicity, but is in vivo broken down to higher toxic organic acids which are responsible for extensive cellular damage in various tissues caused principally by the metabolites glycolic acid and oxalic acid. The most conclusive analytical method of diagnosing EG poisoning is determination of EG concentration. However, victims are sometimes admitted at a late stage to hospitals or died during emergency treatment like a gastric lavage or found rotten dead, when blood EG concentrations are low or not detected. Therefore, in this study, the identification of EG was not only performed by gas chromatograpyc-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) following derivatization but also further toxicological analyses of metabolites, glycolic acid (GA) and oxalic acid (OA), were performed by ion chromatography in various biological specimens. A ranges of blood concentrations (3 cases) was $10\sim2,400\;{\mu}g/mL$ for EG, $224\sim1,164\;{\mu}g/mL$ for GA and ND $\sim40\;{\mu}g/mL$ for OA, respectively, In other biological specimens (liver, kidney, bile and pleural fluid), a range of concentrations (3 cases) was ND $\sim55,000\;{\mu}g/mL$ for EG, ND $\sim1,124\;{\mu}g/mL$ for GA and ND $\sim60\;{\mu}g/mL$ for OA, respectively. Liver and kidney tissues were recommended specimens including blood because OA, a final metabolite of EG, was identified large amounts in these despite no detectable EG caused by some therapy.

The Biological Effects of β-Cyclodextrin on Antithrombotic Activity and Plasma Lipid Metabolism in Rats (흰쥐에서 혈액지질 대사 및 항혈전작용에 관한 베타사이클로덱스트린의 생물학적 효과)

  • Park, B. S.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.45 no.2
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    • pp.199-210
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    • 2003
  • The effect of feeding a cyclic oligosaccharide, $\beta$-cyclodextrin($\beta$CD) on plasma cholesterol and triacylglyceride concentrations and on antithrombotic activity were investigated in rats fed a control chow diet, or one either high in cholesterol or in saturated fat. The bleeding time of $\beta$CD-fed groups was significantly prolonged by 293%, 157% and 218% in normal, high cholesterol and high fat diet fed groups, respectively, as compared to the control group(p<0.05). The whole blood clotting time was significantly increased by 202%, 168% and 211% in normal, high cholesterol and high fat diet fed groups as compared to control group, respectively(p<0.05). The $\beta$CD diet caused a marked decrease in plasma total lipid(TL), triacylglyceride(TAG), total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations. The plasma TL concentration was significantly decreased by 70%, 82% and 87% in normal, high cholesterol and high fat diet fed groups as compared to the control group, respectively(p<0.05). The plasma TAG concentration was significantly decreased by 89%, 43% and 59% in normal, high cholesterol and high fat diet fed groups, respectively, as compared to the control group(p<0.05). The plasma TC concentration was significantly decreased by 28%, 62% and 36% in normal, high cholesterol and high fat diet fed groups, respectively, as compared to the control group(p<0.05). The LDL-C concentration was significantly decreased by 39%, 54% and 25% in normal, high cholesterol and high fat diet fed groups as compared to control group, respectively(p<0.05). The plasma total bile acids contents of $\beta$CD group was significantly increased by 66%, 95% and 97% in normal, high cholesterol and high fat diet fed groups as compared to control group, respectively(p<0.05). The hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity was significantly lowered by 41% in the $\beta$CD-fed group compared to normal diet fed rats(p<0.05). The fecal steroid excretions of the $\beta$CD groups was significantly increased by 167% in normal diet fed rats(p<0.05). These results suggest that the $\beta$CD has a biological active function on antithrombotic activity and is hypolipidemic, hypotriglyceridemic and hypocholesterolimic agents. These are all effects that can help to prevent obesity and coronary heart disease in humans.

Pre- and post-paturition rumen volatile fatty acid composition and blood chemistry in ketotic and non-ketotic dairy cows (케톤증(症) 및 비(非)케톤증(症) 빈유우간(牝乳牛間)의 출산전후시(出産前後時) 제1위내(第1胃內) 휘발성지방산(揮發性脂肪酸)과 혈액화학치(血液化學値)의 변화(變化) 비교관찰(比較觀察))

  • Hamakawa, Masaaki;Shohji, Hiroshisa;Sakai, Takeo;Lee, Won-chang
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.823-831
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    • 1995
  • The composition of rumen volatile fatty acids(VFA) and the blood chemistry were investigated in 5 clinically health dairy cows(Group I) reared on dairy farms and in 5 cows with post-parturition(POP) primary ketosis(Group II). The determinations were performed on days 5 to 7 pre-parturition(PRP), immediately POP, and on days 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 POP. In both groups, the total VFA levels gradually increased starting from day 5 POP, but the levels were lower in Group II than in Group I. With regard to POP. changes in the composition of VFA, Group II occasionally showed lower levels of acetic acid and caproic acid than did Group I. Blood glucose levels decreased POP in both groups. In contrast, blood levels of ketone bodies and 3-hydroxybutyric acid were increased POP, but there was no statistically by significant difference between the groups. The aspartate aminotransferase level was transiently increased immediately POP in both groups, and the increase was more marked in Group II than in Group I. Both groups showed a tendency for total cholesterol, free cholesterol, ester cholesterol, phospholipid, and total bile acid to be increased POP, but there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Clinically healthy dairy cows also showed POP changes in the composition of VFA and blood similar to those in dairy cows with ketosis, suggesting that even apparently healthy cows are at risk of subclinical ketosis POP.

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Apoptotic Effect of Co-Treatment with Valproic Acid and HS-1200 on Human Osteosarcoma Cells (Valproic acid와 HS-1200의 병용처리가 사람골육종세포에 미치는 세포자멸사 효과에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Duck-Han;Lee, Kee-Hyun;Kim, In-Ryoung;Kwak, Hyun-Ho;Park, Bong-Soo;Jeong, Sung-Hee;Ko, Myung-Yun;Ahn, Yong-Woo
    • Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.165-175
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    • 2010
  • Valproic acid (VPA) is a well-known anticonvulsive agent and has been used in the treatment of epilepsy for almost 30 years. VPA emerged in 1997 as an antineoplastic agent as well, when findings indicated the substance inhibited proliferation and induced differentiation of primitive neuroectocdermal tumor cells in vivo (Cinatl et al., 1997). Antitmor activity of VPA is associated with its targeting histone deacetylases. Bile acids and their synthetic derivatives induced apoptosis in various kinds of cancer cells and anticancer effects. It has been reported that the synthetic chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) derivatives showed apoptosis-inducing activity on various cancer cells in vitro. This study was undertaken to investigate the synergistic apoptotic effect of co-treatment with the histone deacetylases inhibitor, VPA and a CDCA derivative, HS-1200 on human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells. Cell viability was evaluated by trypan-blue exclusion. Induction and augmentation of apoptosis were confirmed by Hoechst staining, flow cytometry (DNA hypoploidy and MMP change), Westen blot analysis and immunofluorescent staining. In this study, HOS cells co-treated with VPA and HS-1200 showed several lines of apoptotic manifestation such as nuclear condensations, the reduction of MMP, the decrease of DNA content, the release of cytochrome c into cytosol, the translocation of AIF onto nuclei, and activation of caspase-7, caspase-3 and PARP whereas each single treated HOS cells did not. Although the single treatment of 1 mM VPA or $25\;{\mu}M$ HS-1200 for 48 h did not induce apoptosis, the co-treatment of them induced prominently apoptosis. Therefore our data provide the possibility that combination therapy of VPA and HS-1200 could be considered as a novel therapeutic strategy for human osteosarcoma.

A Comparison of Segmental Gastrectomy and Distal Gastrectomy with Billroth I Reconstruction for Early Gastric Cancer That's Developed on the Gastric Body (위체부에 발생한 조기위암에서 위구획절제술과 Billroth I 재건술식의 비교)

  • Song, Min-Sang;Lee, Sang-Il;Sul, Ji-Young;Noh, Seung-Moo
    • Journal of Gastric Cancer
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.207-214
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    • 2009
  • Purpose: Subtotal distal gastrectomy has been accepted as the standard treatment for early gastric cancer that's developed on the gastric body. EMR and ESD have been introduced to minimize the incidence of postgastrectomy syndrome, but these procedures can not detect lymph node metastasis and they have a risk for gastric perforation. Segmental gastrectomy has recently been applied for treating early gastric cancer, but its usefulness has not been clarified. The aim of this study was to compare segmental gastrectomy and distal gastrectomy with Billroth I reconstruction for treating early gastric cancer that's developed on the gastric body. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all the patients who were diagnosed as having early gastric cancer that developed on the gastric body at Chungnam National University Hospital from January 2004 through July 2007. During this period, 41 patients received segmental gastrectomy and 40 patients underwent subtotal distal gastrectomy. All the patients were studied via a biannual review of the body systems, a physical examination, endoscopy, computed tomography and the laboratory findings. Results: There were no significantly differences of the clinicopathologic characteristics between the two groups. The changes of the nutritional status (Hb, TP, Alb and TC) and the body weight change were not significantly different between the 2 groups. There were significantly more residual food in the SG group than that in the SDG group (RGB classification, Residual>Grade 2), but there were no differences for epigastric discomfort (P>0.05). Esophagitis developed at a similar rate for both two groups (LA classification, >Grade A), and bile reflux was found in only one patient of each group. Conclusion: We expected the reduction of esophagitis and gastritis and the improvement of nutritional status according to the type of procedure. Yet the results of our study showed no significant differences between the two study groups. More patients and a longer follow up time are needed for determining the advantage sand disadvantages of segmental gastrectomy.

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Physiological Characteristics of Starter Isolated from Kimchi and Fermentation of Tofu with Isolated Starter (발효두부 제조용 Starter의 선발과 이를 이용한 두부의 발효특성)

  • Kang, Kyoung Myoung;Lee, Shin Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.41 no.11
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    • pp.1626-1631
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    • 2012
  • Sixty strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated from kimchi and used as a starter for fermented tofu. Among the isolated strains, strain KL-6 showed antimicrobial activity against various pathogens, antioxidative activity, and viability in artificial gastric juice and artificial bile acid. The selected strain KL-6 was identified as Pediococcus acidilactici KL-6 by morphological and physiological tests, including Gram staining, catalase test, and 16S rRNA sequencing. The fermentation characteristics of tofu with a kimchi ingredient mixture (Control) consisting of red pepper, garlic, ginger, sugar, salt, jeotgal, and juice of chinese cabbage were compared with those of tofus inoculated with strain KL-6 and the kimchi ingredient mixture (TL) or a pre-fermented kimchi ingredient mixture (TPL) for 24 hr at $37^{\circ}C$. The pH levels of all tested tofu samples decreased after 1 week of fermentation, reaching 3.96 (control), 3.97 (TL), and 4.03 log cfu/g (TPL) after fermentation for 14 weeks at $20^{\circ}C$. Total aerobe content of fermented tofu increased until 2 weeks of fermentation, but decreased steadily thereafter. The number of lactic acid bacteria reached $10^6$ cfu/g after 1 week of fermentation in TL and TPL, whereas it took 2 weeks for the control. The number of lactic acid bacteria in all tested tofu samples reached $10^3$ cfu/g after 14 weeks of fermentation at $20^{\circ}C$. Coliform bacteria were not detected in TL or TPL after 1 week of fermentation. The sensory scores of TL and TPL were higher than that of control in terms of taste, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability. The sensory quality of TPL was the best among all tested fermented tofu samples.

Availability and Reproducibility Evaluation of High-dose-rate Intraluminal Brachytherapy for Unresectable Recurrent Cholangiocarcinoma (재발한 간담도암 환자에서 시행 한 high-dose-rate intraluminal brachytherapy의 유용성 및 재현성 평가)

  • Park, Ju-Kyeong;Lee, Seung-Hun;Cha, Seok-Yong;Kim, Yang-Su;Lee, Sun-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.151-157
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    • 2012
  • General treatment for cholangiocarcinoma is complete surgical resection. However recurrence is common in those patients. In most of cases the purpose of the treatment for patients with recurrent is palliative. Therefore we adopt intraluminal catheter to treat a recurrent patient with high-dose-rate intraluminal brachytherapy. This study aims to evaluate the treatment procedure and set-up reproducibility of intraluminal brachytherapy in the recurrent patient. Study patient was diagnosed at rcT1N0M0 and undergone intraluminal brachytherapy after Arrow Sheath insertion. 3 Gy was delivered in every fraction with a total dose of 30 Gy. We planned dose normalization at distal, proximal and central axis point of narrowed bile duct far from 1 cm. To evaluate set-up reproducibility, we measured distance between distal, proximal treatment target volume point and anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral body respectively for five times before every treatment with dummy seed insertion. Mean distance between distal, proximal treatment target volume point and anterior surface of 10th and 11th thoracic vertebral bodies is 0.5 cm, 6.1 cm and standard deviation is 0.06, 0.08 respectively. In addition, set-up reproducibility was maintained significantly. The patient has been alive with no evidence of disease recurrence for more than a year and has not yet reported severe complications. In conclusion, high-dose-rate intraluminal brachytherapy for unresectable recurrence of cholangiocarcinoma maintains high set-up reproducibility without severe side effects.

Ultrastructural Changes Induced by Telluric Acid in the Rat Liver (Telluric Acid가 흰쥐 간조직의 미세구조에 미치는 영향)

  • Son, Serk-Joo;Jeong, Young-Gil;Cho, Seung-Muk;Baik, Tai-Kyung;Choi, Chang-Do;Choi, Wol-Bong
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.83-103
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    • 1995
  • This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of telluric acid on the histological and fine structural changes in the rat liver. Fischer 344 rats($150{\sim}200gm$) were used in this study as control and experimental groups. Telluric acid(5 mg/100 gm of body weight) suspensed in olive oil was given intraperitoneally to the animals of the experimental group and only olive oil to those of the control group. At the intervals of 3, 6 and 12 hours, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60 days after administration, the animals were sacrificed, and livers were obtained from the rats. For light microscopic examination of the liver, sections($5{\mu}m$) were stained with hematoxylineosin(H-E). For electron microscopic examination of the liver, sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, finally examined with Zeiss EM 109 electron microscopes. The results obtained were as follows. 1. In the control group, round nucleus. well developed mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER) and numerous glycogen particles were observed in the cytoplasm of the hepatocyte. In the cytoplasmic membranes of the hepatocyte, sinusoidal surface had numerous microvilli and cellular surface is combinated adjacent hepatocyte with desmosomes. The RER cisterns were dilated and zymogen granules were fewer than those of the dark cells. Kupffer cells with irregular nuclear membrane were observed. Fat storing cell and collagenous fiber bundle were observed in the Disse space. 2. Kupffer cell, inflammatory cells in the connective tissue of hepatic triad and lysosome were increased in the 3, 6, and 12 hour experimental group comparing with that of the control group. 3. In the 1 day experimental group, infiltration of inflammatory cells in interlobular connective tissue, dilatation of sinusoidal capillary and increasing of Kupffer cell were observed. Atropic change of hepatocyte and aggregation of glycogen particles in the cytoplasm of hepatocyte were observed. In this group, desmosome near bile canaliculi and collagenous fiber bundle in the Disse space were increased comparing with that of the 12 hours experimental group. In the 2 days experimental group, desmosome, lysosome, peroxisome and collagenous fiber bundle were increased comparing with that of the 1 day experimental group. Furthermore, lamellated bodies were also seen in the cytoplasm of the hepatocyte. 4. In 3 and 5 days experimental groups, transformations of hepatic cell cord and degeneration of the hepatocyte were markedly inclosed comparing with the all experimental groups. And damaged RER and mitochondria. collagenous fiber bundle were also inclosed comparing with that of the 2 days experimental group. Autophagosome and fat storing cells with large lipid droplets were also observed comparing with that of the 2 days experimental group. Tight junction and desmosome between the hepatocytes were separated. These degenerating changes were severe through the all experimental groups. 5. In the 10 and 20 days experimental groups, arrangement of hepatic cell cords and cell organelles of hepatocytes were similar to those of the control group. However, aggregation of glycogen particles, dilatation of sinusoidal capillary and infiltration of inflammatory cells remained. 6. In the 30 days experimental group, the tissue findings were similar to those of the control grout. But lamellated bodies in some hepatocytes and lysosome were remained in the cytoplasms of the Kupffer cells. In the 60 days experimental group, these all changes were recovered as the control group. In conclusion, telluric acid would directly induce the degenerative and necrotic changes on the hepatic tissue. However, these changes were perfectly recoverd in the 60 days experimental group as the control group.

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Final Report of China-Korea Collaborative Project of Control Strategies of Clonorchiasis in Heilongjiang Pilot Areas(2001-2004) (중국 흑룡강성 간흡충증 관리사업(2001-2004))

  • Ji, Zhuo;Li, Zhimin;Wang, Shuyu;Yuan, Ren;Ge, Tao;Yuan, Shang;Cui, Changyuan;Ge, Hongan;Feng, Zheng;Xu, Longqi;Hong, Sung-Tae;Choi, Min-Ho;Cho, Seung-Yull;Choi, Dong-Il;Hong, Kwang-Seon;Rim, Han-Jong;Lee, Soon-Hyung
    • Journal of Korea Association of Health Promotion
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.72-83
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    • 2005
  • The present pilot project was executed to recommend a strategy of clonorchiasis control in China. The pilot area of this project was Zhaoyuan, Hailin, and Ningan, Heiloagjiang province. A baseline survey subjecting 4,865 residents in Heilongjiang confirmed Zhaoyuan asa high endemic area and Hailin and Ningan as moderate endemic areas. Six different control strategies were implemented in Zhaoyuan, two were in Hailin, and one was in Ningan. Including the baseline survey and project programs from 2000 to 2004, total 63,274subject-times were examined of their feces for Clonorchiseggs, 26,680 were treated, 10,082 were screened by ELISA, and 6,130 subjects were examined of their liver by sonography. The egg Positive rates in 6 villages of Zhaoyuan were as high as 44.8% 70,0%. Following the protocolof each strategy, the subjected residents were examined of their feces and treated with 25 mg/kg praziquantel, 3 times. Except the control group, all of the villages showed 72.8% to 92.0% reduction of their original egg Positive rates at Zhaoyuan. Mass treatments of all subjected residents in 2001 and 2003 reduced the egg rate from 68.8% to18.7% and 4 annual mass treatments reduced the rate from 44.8% in 2001 to 8.7% in 2004.Selective annual treatments of egg positive subjects reduced the egg rates from 50.8% in2001 to 13.8% in 2004 or from 70.0% in 2001 to 11.6% in 2004, and two treatments in a year reduced the rate from 57.6% in 2001 to 4.6% in 2004. According to repeated treatments, EPG counts decreased remarkably. In moderate endemic areas, the original egg rates were 22.6% and 28.3% in 2001 but were 1.7% and 1.1% after 2 or 3 selective treatments. The present findings of the chemotherapeutic control of clonorchiasis prove that repeated medication is important. The reduction is directly correlated with dose of praziquantel but not with mass or selective treatments. Chemotherapeutic control of reservoirhosts has little effect on reinfection of clonorchiasis because the field along the Songhua-jiang is too wide to be impacted. ELISA confirmed many serologically positive cases to Clonorchisantigen but only a few cases were positive to other antigens (Paragonimus, cysticercus, sparganum). The abdominal soaography visualized intrahepatic bile duct dilatation and periductal echo in 2,002 of 6,070 examined subjects. In addition to these examinations and treatment, health education supplemented tㅗe control activities. The present findings prove clonorchiasis is very widely prevalent and heavily endemic along the rivers in Heiloagjiang. The results suggest that group chemotherapy with praziquantel is effective to reduce endemicity of clonorchiasis. Mass treatment without individual fecal examination is recommended in heavy endemic areas where the egg rate is over 40% while one selective treatment is effective enough in moderate endemic areas.

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