• Title/Summary/Keyword: Biguanides

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Therapy of Diabetes Mellitus Using Experimental Animal Models

  • Min, T.S.;Park, Soo Hyun
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.23 no.5
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    • pp.672-679
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    • 2010
  • Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide epidemic with high mortality. As concern over this disease rises, the number and value of research grants awarded by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) have increased. Diabetes mellitus is classified into two groups. Type 1 diabetes requires insulin treatment, whereas type 2 diabetes, which is characterized by insulin resistance, can be treated using a variety of therapeutic approaches. Hyperglycemia is thought to be a primary factor in the onset of diabetes, although hyperlipidemia also plays a role. The major organs active in the regulation of blood glucose are the pancreas, liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, intestine, and kidney. Diabetic complications are generally classified as macrovascular (e.g., stroke and heart disease) or microvascular (i.e., diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy). Several animal models of diabetes have been used to develop oral therapeutic agents, including sulfonylureas, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, acarbose, and miglitol, for both type 1 and type 2 diseases. This review provides an overview of diabetes mellitus, describes oral therapeutic agents for diabetes and their targets, and discusses new developments in diabetic drug research.

The First Report on Chemoselective Biguanide-Catalyzed Henry Reaction under Neat Conditions

  • Alizadeh, Abdolhamid;Khodaei, Mohammad M.;Abdi, Gisya;Kordestani, Davood
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.33 no.11
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    • pp.3640-3644
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    • 2012
  • An efficient synthetic method for direct Henry reaction catalyzed by a biguanide; namely metformin, as an organosuper-base, between a variety of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes and nitromethane under neat conditions has been developed. Convenient procedure for removal of the catalyst, chemoselective acquiring of ${\beta}$-nitroalcohols as predominant products, as far as possible short reaction time with excellent conversions are advantages of the developed protocol.

ANALYSIS OF PARA-CHLOROANILINE AFTER CHEMICAL INTERACTION BETWEEN ALEXIDINE AND SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE USING MASS SPECTROMETRY (알렉시딘과 차아염소산나트륨의 화학적 상호반응 후 mass spectrometry를 이용한 파라클로로아닐린의 검출 분석)

  • Kim, Hyeon-Sik;Han, Seung-Hyun;Oh, So-Ram;Lim, Sang-Min;Gu, Yu;Kum, Kee-Yeon
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.295-301
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    • 2010
  • Recent studies demonstrated that the combination of chlorhexidine (CHX) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) resulted in the formation of a precipitate, para-chloroaniline (PCA). Alexdidine (ALX) is a kind of biguanides like CHX, and has stronger detoxification effect against the bacterial virulence factors such as lipoteichoic acid and lipopolysacchardide compared with CHX. The purpose of this study was to determine whether PCA was formed after chemical interaction between ALX and NaOCl using mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry was performed for the mixture of five different concentrations of ALX (1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.0625%) and 4% NaOCl. Results showed that the peak of PCA was not detected in mixed solutions of ALX and NaOCl in mass spectrometry analysis. The color of mixed solution of ALX and NaOCl after chemical interaction was light yellow to white, but there wasn't any precipitate found.