• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.443-472
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• 2014

To survive in the global competitive environment, enterprise should be able to solve various problems and find the optimal solution effectively. The big-data is being perceived as a tool for solving enterprise problems effectively and improve competitiveness with its' various problem solving and advanced predictive capabilities. Due to its remarkable performance, the implementation of big data systems has been increased through many enterprises around the world. Currently the big-data is called the 'crude oil' of the 21st century and is expected to provide competitive superiority. The reason why the big data is in the limelight is because while the conventional IT technology has been falling behind much in its possibility level, the big data has gone beyond the technological possibility and has the advantage of being utilized to create new values such as business optimization and new business creation through analysis of big data. Since the big data has been introduced too hastily without considering the strategic value deduction and achievement obtained through the big data, however, there are difficulties in the strategic value deduction and data utilization that can be gained through big data. According to the survey result of 1,800 IT professionals from 18 countries world wide, the percentage of the corporation where the big data is being utilized well was only 28%, and many of them responded that they are having difficulties in strategic value deduction and operation through big data. The strategic value should be deducted and environment phases like corporate internal and external related regulations and systems should be considered in order to introduce big data, but these factors were not well being reflected. The cause of the failure turned out to be that the big data was introduced by way of the IT trend and surrounding environment, but it was introduced hastily in the situation where the introduction condition was not well arranged. The strategic value which can be obtained through big data should be clearly comprehended and systematic environment analysis is very important about applicability in order to introduce successful big data, but since the corporations are considering only partial achievements and technological phases that can be obtained through big data, the successful introduction is not being made. Previous study shows that most of big data researches are focused on big data concept, cases, and practical suggestions without empirical study. The purpose of this study is provide the theoretically and practically useful implementation framework and strategies of big data systems with conducting comprehensive literature review, finding influencing factors for successful big data systems implementation, and analysing empirical models. To do this, the elements which can affect the introduction intention of big data were deducted by reviewing the information system's successful factors, strategic value perception factors, considering factors for the information system introduction environment and big data related literature in order to comprehend the effect factors when the corporations introduce big data and structured questionnaire was developed. After that, the questionnaire and the statistical analysis were performed with the people in charge of the big data inside the corporations as objects. According to the statistical analysis, it was shown that the strategic value perception factor and the inside-industry environmental factors affected positively the introduction intention of big data. The theoretical, practical and political implications deducted from the study result is as follows. The frist theoretical implication is that this study has proposed theoretically effect factors which affect the introduction intention of big data by reviewing the strategic value perception and environmental factors and big data related precedent studies and proposed the variables and measurement items which were analyzed empirically and verified. This study has meaning in that it has measured the influence of each variable on the introduction intention by verifying the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variables through structural equation model. Second, this study has defined the independent variable(strategic value perception, environment), dependent variable(introduction intention) and regulatory variable(type of business and corporate size) about big data introduction intention and has arranged theoretical base in studying big data related field empirically afterwards by developing measurement items which has obtained credibility and validity. Third, by verifying the strategic value perception factors and the significance about environmental factors proposed in the conventional precedent studies, this study will be able to give aid to the afterwards empirical study about effect factors on big data introduction. The operational implications are as follows. First, this study has arranged the empirical study base about big data field by investigating the cause and effect relationship about the influence of the strategic value perception factor and environmental factor on the introduction intention and proposing the measurement items which has obtained the justice, credibility and validity etc. Second, this study has proposed the study result that the strategic value perception factor affects positively the big data introduction intention and it has meaning in that the importance of the strategic value perception has been presented. Third, the study has proposed that the corporation which introduces big data should consider the big data introduction through precise analysis about industry's internal environment. Fourth, this study has proposed the point that the size and type of business of the corresponding corporation should be considered in introducing the big data by presenting the difference of the effect factors of big data introduction depending on the size and type of business of the corporation. The political implications are as follows. First, variety of utilization of big data is needed. The strategic value that big data has can be accessed in various ways in the product, service field, productivity field, decision making field etc and can be utilized in all the business fields based on that, but the parts that main domestic corporations are considering are limited to some parts of the products and service fields. Accordingly, in introducing big data, reviewing the phase about utilization in detail and design the big data system in a form which can maximize the utilization rate will be necessary. Second, the study is proposing the burden of the cost of the system introduction, difficulty in utilization in the system and lack of credibility in the supply corporations etc in the big data introduction phase by corporations. Since the world IT corporations are predominating the big data market, the big data introduction of domestic corporations can not but to be dependent on the foreign corporations. When considering that fact, that our country does not have global IT corporations even though it is world powerful IT country, the big data can be thought to be the chance to rear world level corporations. Accordingly, the government shall need to rear star corporations through active political support. Third, the corporations' internal and external professional manpower for the big data introduction and operation lacks. Big data is a system where how valuable data can be deducted utilizing data is more important than the system construction itself. For this, talent who are equipped with academic knowledge and experience in various fields like IT, statistics, strategy and management etc and manpower training should be implemented through systematic education for these talents. This study has arranged theoretical base for empirical studies about big data related fields by comprehending the main variables which affect the big data introduction intention and verifying them and is expected to be able to propose useful guidelines for the corporations and policy developers who are considering big data implementationby analyzing empirically that theoretical base.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.619-628
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• 2002

The purpose of the study was to compare the satisfaction level on hospital meal size and actual intake rate of hospital foods between elderly and middle aged patients. Sixty one middle aged and one hundered thirty two elderly patients were surveyed on the foods served in the hospital-rice, soup, meat/fish, vegetable, kimchi and daily products. Compared to the middle aged patients, the more elderly thought the serving size of rice was too big(p<0.05), and those of soup, meat/fish and kimchi tended to be too big. There was no difference in the satisfaction level on the serving size of vegetable dish between two age groups. In actual intake rates of hospital meal there were no significant differences between the elderly and middle aged patients. However, the elderly male ate significantly(p<0.05) less amount of rice than the middle aged male and the elderly female ate significantly(p<0.01) less amount of meat/fish then the middle aged female. Satisfaction levels and actual intake rates were significantly correlated in all food items.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2011

Old big tree transcends the simple meaning of trees as they are the natural monuments that embody the people's history and culture of this land. The Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea(CHA) defines and protects old big tree based not only on the size of the tree but also on its definitive cultural and natural factors such as value, implications, and originality. This research aims to identify and analyze the growth conditions, soil conditions and location character of 20 old big tree in Gyeongsangnamdo korea. The research examined the soundness of the arboreal form, the degree of damage on the bark, as well as the quantity of leafs levels to evaluate the overall condition of growth and development. Also, 9 elements such as soil texture, nitrogen and organic matter content, soil pH, phosphoric acid and EC were further analyzed The research analyzed in correlation of Growth condition and soil. Tree health related positivity that total nitrogen and organic matter. The result which analyzes location character, With natural monument old big trees raising a hand the area where is contiguous appeared with the fact that the farming village style where the rice field and the arable land of field etc. This research aimed at generating some foundational reference data for the analysis of the habitation and management conditions of natural monument old big tree within the Gyeongsangnamdo korea.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2018

Today, we are living in the era of data and information. With the advent of Internet of Things (IoT), the popularity of social networking sites, and the development of mobile devices, a large amount of data is being produced in diverse areas. The collection of such data generated in various area is called big data. As the importance of big data grows, there has been a growing need to share big data containing information regarding an individual entity. As big data contains sensitive information about individuals, directly releasing it for public use may violate existing privacy requirements. Thus, privacy-preserving data publishing (PPDP) has been actively studied to share big data containing personal information for public use, while preserving the privacy of the individual. K-anonymity, which is the most popular method in the area of PPDP, transforms each record in a table such that at least k records have the same values for the given quasi-identifier attributes, and thus each record is indistinguishable from other records in the same class. As the size of big data continuously getting larger, there is a growing demand for the method which can efficiently anonymize vast amount of dta. Thus, in this paper, we develop an efficient k-anonymity method by using Spark distributed framework. Experimental results show that, through the developed method, significant gains in processing time can be achieved.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.183-195
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• 2009

In this study, foot shapes were compared between the men in their 20's and 60's, with the application of 3-dimensional measurement data, and the classification was established in consideration of each of their features. The results are as follows: 1. The investigation into the differences between the groups for the 3-dimensional measurement items of the men in their 20's and 60's indicated that those in their 20's had larger values than those in the 60's age group for all of the length items, while those in the 60's age group had larger values for all of the angle items. 2. The analysis of the constituting factors for the feet of those in their 60's and 20's resulted in the 7 items for the 20's age group and 8 items for those in the 60's age group. 3. The comparison of foot classifications for the 60's age group and 20's age group presented 3 types each for both groups, but the features of each type was different. To examine each characteristic by each type and age group, following can be determined of the 60's age group. Type 1 had a thick instep, high malleolus position and heel and a thick formed ankle. Type 2 the entire foot was small, and the big toe was formed in such a way that it tened to bend toward the inside. When the whole size compared with similar Type 1, Type 3 had a low instep, a low heel, the big toe did not bend and ankle form was thin. The following can be determined of the 20's age group. Type 1 had narrow width a thin ankle and the big toe was formed in such a way that it bended toward the inside. Compared with length, Type 2 had wide width and a thick ankle. Type 3 had a larger overall size, thick instep and wide and the toe was big, but the characteristic of inside and outside of a malleolus position was low and the big toe's form showed no tendencies to bend.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2003

The purpose of this study were to analyze the anthropometric data of feet of Korean women with aging, to categorize the women's foot shapes, and to compare the shoe size according to the foot shapes in order to provide the basic information for more comfortable shoes. Subjects of this study were 181 women over age 20. They were measured with the direct measurement method and the indirect measurement method. 26 items were measured from the right foot and 6 items were taken on foot outline. Factor analysis, cluster analysis, analysis of variance, post-hoc test, and cross tabs were peformed for statistical analysis of the data by SPSS program. There were significant differences in height items, breadth items, girth items, and angle items by subjects' age. The older subjects' feet were wide and thick with big deformity on toes. The arch height of the older ones was low. This implicates that the degree of deformity on toes, the foot ratio, the foot girth, the foot breath and the arch height as well as the foot length are needed to be considered in developing comfortable shoes. Nine foot construction factors were extracted by the factor analysis of anthropometric measurements; foot size factor, heel and instep factor, malleolus lateralis factor, malleolus medialis factor, foot shape factor, shape of toes factor, heel height factor, big toe height factor, and internal factor. On the basis of the cluster analysis, three different foot shapes were categorized. Type 1 was large and wide foot with little deformity on little toe. Type 2 was medium foot with deformation of big toe, and with the lowest arch height. Type 3 was small and narrow foot with the highest arch height. Distribution of shoe size according to the foot shape was analyzed. The ball of foot breath was of wide distribution than the ball of foot girth. This implicates that girth items and breath items of the foot should be enclosed for the same foot length in the shoe sizing system.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2000년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.905-908
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• 2000

The growth properties of diamond grain were examined by Raman spectroscopy and microscope images. Diamond thin films were prepared on single crystal Si wafers by microwave Plasma chemical vapor deposition. Preparation conditions, substrate temperature, boron concentration and deposition time were controlled differently. Prepared diamond thin films have different surface morphology and grain size respectively Diamond grain size was gradually changed by substrate temperature. The biggest diamond grain size was observed in the substrate, which has highest temperature. The diamond grain size by boron concentration was slightly changed but morphology of diamond grain became amorphous according to increasing of boron concentration. Time was also needed to be a big diamond grain. However, time was not a main factor for being a big diamond grain. Raman spectra of diamond film, which was deposited at high substrate temperature, showed sharp peaks at 1334$cm^{-1}$ / and these were characteristics of crystalline diamond. A broad peak centered at 1550$cm^{-1}$ /, corresponding to non-diamond component (sp$^2$carbon), could be observed in the substrate, which has low temperature.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.12-21
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• 2013

E-waste(폐전기전자기기, WEEE)는 많은 종류의 금속을 함유한 유가물과 유해물의 복합혼합물로 자원의 유효이용과 환경부하저감을 위해 리싸이클링 처리가 필수로 되어 있다. 특히 최근 레어메탈의 공급제약문제 등으로 도시광산자원 중에서 E-waste의 비중이 높아지고 있다. 한편, E-waste의 리싸이클링산업에 있어서 E-waste의 경제적 가치의 파악은 매우 중요하다. 이와 같은 관점에서 본보에서는 E-waste를 대형가전, 소형가전, 휴대전화기 및 PCB(전자인쇄회로기판, 기판)로 분류해서 경제적 가치를 논하였다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2022

Purpose - The primary purpose of this study is to verify whether the target set out by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) for reducing carbon emissions from ships can be achieved by quantitatively analyzing the trends in technological advances of fuel oil consumption in the container shipping market. To achieve this purpose, several scenarios are designed considering various options such as eco-friendly fuels, low-speed operation, and the growth in ship size. Design/methodology - The vessel size and speed used in prior studies are utilized to estimate the fuel oil consumption of container ships and the pace of technological progress and Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) regulations are added. A database of 5,260 container ships, as of 2019, is used for multiple linear regression and quantile regression analyses. Findings - The fuel oil consumption of vessels is predominantly affected by their speed, followed by their size, and the annual technological progress is estimated to be 0.57%. As the quantile increases, the influence of ship size and pace of technological progress increases, while the influence of speed and coefficient of EEDI variables decreases. Originality/value - The conservative estimation of carbon emission drawn by a quantitative analysis of the technological progress concerning the fuel efficiency of container vessels shows that it is not possible to achieve IMO targets. Therefore, innovative efforts beyond the current scope of technological progress are required.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.321-326
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• 2024

본 연구는 Big4 회계법인이 해운사를 감사할 경우 이익조정을 경감시키는 역할을 하는지 검증하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 일반적으로 Big4 회계법인이 감사한 기업의 이익조정은 작고 감사품질은 높다고 알려져 있지만, 규모, 산업 등 처한 상황에 따라 다를 수도 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 Big4 회계법인의 감사가 해운사의 이익조정에 미치는 영향을 실증분석한다. Big4 회계법인은 삼일, 삼정, 안진, 한영 등 4대 회계법인이다. 이익조정의 대용치로 재량적발생액을 사용하고, Dechow et al.(1995)이 고안한 수정Jones모형과 Kothari et al.(2005)이 고안한 성과대응모형으로 재량적발생액을 측정한다. 2001년부터 2023년까지 KOSPI에 상장된 해운사를 대상으로 분석한 결과, Big4 회계법인의 감사는 해운사의 이익조정에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 일반적인 경우와 다르게 Big4 회계법인의 감사는 해운사의 이익조정을 경감시키는 역할을 하지 못한 것으로 판단된다. 본 논문은 해운업이라는 특수한 산업에서 감사인의 역할에 관해 연구해 일반적으로 알려진 바와 다른 결과를 도출했다는 점에 의의가 있다. 해운사들은 감사인을 선정할 때 Big4 회계법인의 감사품질이 항상 좋은 것만은 아니라는 점을 고려해야 할 것이다. 또한, 금융감독원 등 감독 당국은 Big4 회계법인의 감사품질에 대한 정확한 이해를 바탕으로 감리·감독에 임해야 할 것이다.