• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.70-77
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• 1997

Welding is one of the most important and popular joining techniques employed in structures. In spite of, weld designs depend on the rules and regulations. Moreover, the study to optimize a shape of welding joint not may be sufficient and systematic on the theoretical and experimental sides. Therefore, in this study, a computer program based on thermal elasto plastic theory is developed for optimizing(minimizing) shape of weld joints. By the results, study is made on the characteristics of the distributions of welding residual stresses and plastic strains, and their production mechanisms. Also, Various kinds of tests are carried out to find out mechanical characteristics due to shape of weld joints. As a result of this optimization(minimization) of weld joints, the productivity and the reliability will be improved.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.730-733
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• 2001

A computer aided design system for spur, helical, bevel and worm gears by using AutoCAD system and its AutoLISP computer language was newly developed in this study. Two methods are available for a designer to draw a gear. The first method needs the gear design parameters such as pressure, module, number of tooth, shaft angle, velocity, materials, etc. When the gear design parameters are inputted, a gear is drawn in AutoCAD system and maximum allowable power and shaft diameter are calculated additionally. The second method calculates all dimensions and gear design parameters to draw a gear when the information such as transmission, reduction ratio, rpm, materials and pressure are inputted. The system includes four programs. Each program is composed of a data input module, a database module, a strength calculation module, a drawing module, a text module and a drawing edit module. In conclusion, the CAD system would be widely used in companies to find the geometric data and manufacturing course.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.51-56
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• 2011

In this study, noise sources of a reducer which is combined a spiral bevel gear and a planocentric gear are identified by experimental method and the noise was reduced by the structure modification of the reducer. In order to identify the noise sources, noise and vibration signals were measured by microphone and accelerometer and these signals were analyzed with waterfall plot. In addition, the frequency response functions were obtained to prove the noise and vibration sources. It was found that the resonance was generated by the gear mesh frequencies and natural frequency of the reducer. The noise of the reducer could be reduced by structure modification.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2006

In this paper, we present parametric studies for the optimum design of a hexagonal plate monopole antenna. The dependence of the antenna performance on various geometric parameters is investigated using a commercial electromagnetic software, from which an optimum design of a hexagonal plate monopole antenna is derived. Guidelines for determining initial parameter values are given. The diameter of the circular ground plane is minimized tlo 1/5 wavelength at the lowest operating frequency. The antenna impedance matching is controlled by adjusting the gap between the plate and the ground plane, the plate base width, and the base bevel angle. The antenna proposed in. this paper shows a reflection coefficient less than -10 dB and a $2.0{\sim}6.2$ dBi gain over $3{\sim}20$ GHz frequencies.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.537-549
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• 1998

본 연구의 목적은 미세치근단 수술법에서 사용되는 치근단 절제방법 및 역충전와동 술식을 종래의 치근단 수술법에서 사용해 온 술식 및 방법과 치근단 미세누출의 측면에서 비교, 연구하고자 함이다. 치근단 절제방법 및 역충전와동 형성 방법에 따른 치근단 누출을 평가하기 위해서는 최근에 발거된 상악 중절치, 측절치 및 견치 71개를 절제 각도 및 와동 형성방법에 따라 5개의 군으로 분류하여 실험하였으며, 근관협부 처리에 따른 치근단 누출을 평가하기 위해서는 최근 발거된 상악 제 1대구치의 근심협측 치근 44개를 근관협부의 처리 유무에 따라 2개군으로 분류하여 실험하였다. 각 시편치아에서 근관을 형성하고 측방가압법으로 충전한 후 각 군에 따라 저속 다이아몬드 절단기를 이용하여 치근단 3 mm를 절제하였으며 저속 round bur와 초음파 스테인레스 스틸 기구를 이용하여 역충전와동을 형성하고 IRM으로 역충전하였다. 시편을 2% methylene blue 용액에 7일간 침잠시킨 후 35% 질산 용액에서 용해시킨 다음, 원심분리한 상층액을 비색계를 이용하여 누출 색소의 홉광도를 측정하였다. 결과치는 이원변량분석법과 Duncan's Multiple Range Test를 이용하여 분석하였으며, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. ${\cdot}$ 사면을 부여하지 않고 치아 장축에 대해 직각이 되게 치근단을 절제하고 치아 장축에 평행하게 역충전와동을 형성한 경우, 초음파기구를 이용한 군과 저속 round bur를 이용한 군사이에는 미세누출에 있어서 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다(p>0.05). ${\cdot}$ 사면을 부여하면서 치근단을 절제하고 치아 장축에 평행하게 역충전와동을 형성한 경우, 초음파기구를 이용한 군은 저속 round bur를 이용한 군에 비해 유의하게 적은 치근단 누출을 보였다(p<0.0001). ${\cdot}$ 초음파기구를 이용하여 역충전와동을 형성한 경우에는, 치근단 절제시 사면의 부여에 관계없이 치근단 누출에 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았으나(p>0.05), 저속 round bur를 이용한 경우에는, 사변을 형성하지 않은 군이 사면을 형성한 군에 비해 유의하게 적은 미세누출을 나타내었다(p<0.0001). ${\cdot}$ 치근단 절제시 사변을 부여한 경우에는, 저속 round bur로 치아 장축에 평행하게 역충전와동을 형성한 군은 치아 장축에 직각으로 역충전와동을 형성한 군에 비해 미세누출이 적게 나타났지만, 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다(p>0.05). ${\cdot}$ 초음파 기구를 이용하여 근관협부를 따라 역충전 와동을 형성한 군은 저속 round bur를 이용하여 근관협부를 따라 역충전 와동을 형성하지 못한 군에 비해 유의하게 적은 치근단 누출을 나타내었다(p<0.0001).

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.1506-1511
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• 2002

A computer aided expert system fur spur, helical, bevel and worm gears was newly developed by using AutoiCAD system and its AutoLISP computer language in the present study. Two methods are available for a designer to draw a gear. The first method needs the gear design parameters such as pressure, module, number of tooth, shaft angle, velocity, materials, etc. When the gear design parameters are inputted, a gear is drawn in AutoCAD system and maximum allowable power and shaft diameter are calculated additionally. The second method calculates all dimensions and gear design parameters to draw a gear when the information such as transmission, reduction ratio, nm, materials and pressure are inputted. The system includes four programs. Each program is composed of a data input module, a database module, a strength calculation module, a drawing module, a text module and a drawing edit module. In conclusion, the CAD system would be widely used in companies to find the geometric data and manufacturing course.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.485-490
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• 2011

The application of helical gears in crucial parts of automotive transmissions has been steadily increasing due to their higher power transfer performance compared to spur gears. However, the traditional gear manufacturing methods such as hobbing and deburring require large cycle times with expensive production lines so that there have been intensive efforts trying to manufacture gears via forging processes. Although forging processes for spur and bevel type gears have been developed on the practical level, the manufacturing of helical gears is still dependent on the traditional cutting process. Therefore, this paper seeks to develop a cold forward extrusion process for the helical gear with the pitch diameter of 43.5mm and a helix angle of $18.4^{\circ}$. A forward extrusion process was used due to the relatively small diameter of the target geometry. The material deforming behavior influenced by the die geometry was examined by using CAE analysis. Finally, it was found that the helical gear manufactured by the developed extrusion process satisfied the dimensional accuracy and mechanical characteristics for automotive transmissions.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.339-352
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• 1992

A numerical simulation of the steady and pulsatile flow across the end-to-side anastomosis was performed In order to understand the role of flow dynamics in the preferential bevel opment of distal anastomotic intimal hyperplasla. The finite element technique was employed to solve two-dimensional unsteady pulsatile flow in that region. The results of the steady flow revealed that low shear stresses occur at the proximally occluded host artery and at the recirculation region in the Inner wall just distal to the toe region of the anastomosis. The nor- mal;zed wall shear rate was increased, as was the recirculation zone size in the host artery of the by-pass graft anastomosis, with increased anastomotic junction angle. In order to min imize the size of the low wall shear region which might result in the intimal hyperplasia in the by-pass graft anastomosis, a smaller anastomotic junction angle is recommended. The pulsatile flow simulation revealed flow that regions of low and ascillating mali shear do exist near the anastomosis as In the steady simulation. The shift of stagnation point depends on the pulsation of the flow. As the flow was accelerated at systole, the stagnation point moved downstream, disappered at early diastole and reappeared during late diastole. Low shear stress was also found along both walls of the occluded proximal artery. However, the diastolic flow behavior is quite different from the steady results. The vortex near the occluded artery moved downstream and inwardly during late systole, and disappeared during diastole. Recirculations proximal to the toe and heel regions were significant during diastole. Shear stress oscillation was found along the opposite wall. The results of the present study revealed that tow shear occurs at the proximally occluded host artery aud the recirculation region in the inner wall Just dlstal to the toe region of the anastomosis. The present study suggested that the regions of fluctuated wall shear stress wit flow separation is correlated with the preferential developing regions of anastomosis neointial fibrous hyperplasia.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.37-47
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• 1980

The purpose of this study was to investigate the stresses in different proximal margins and to measure, quantitatively, the effect of different modifications in the design of preparations on the stresses using two-dimensional photoelasticity. Photoelastic stress analysis is based on the phenomenon, exhibited by most transparent solids, of becoming birefringent, or doubly refracting, when strained. Two birefringent materials were used in this study, PSM-1 and PSM-5 in .standard sheet ($10'{\times}10'{\times}\frac{1}{4}'$ thickness), PSM-1(polyester) was used for constructing the substructure, and PSM-5(epoxy resin) was used in making the restorations to be investigated. Two birefringent materials were used in the construction of composite photoelastic model. Seven variable models were constructed. The peripheral dimensions of all model were constant and the models represent an occlusomesial section of a lower posterior molar. Model 1 represents the knife edge margin (shoulderless), Model 2 represents the chamfer, Model 3 represents a rounded shoulder(no sharp angle between the axial wall and gingival floor), Model 4 represents a flat shoulder (axial wall is a $90^{\circ}$ angle to the gingival wall), Model 5 represents $+15^{\circ}$ angulation, Model 6 has a $-15^{\circ}$ angulation, and Model 7 is the same as Model 4 except that it has a $45^{\circ}$ bevel. Improved artificial stone was used to represent dental cement in luting the composite photoelastic model. Static loading procedures(100 pounds) were used at preplanned sites. The results were as follows; 1. The stresses in the proximal portion of all tested models were compressive in nature when the proximal shoulders were loaded vertically on the same proximal marginal ridge. 2. The round and chamfered preparations were the optimum designs in proximoocclusal restorations. They showed the lowest stress concentration factor, i.e. 2.16 and 2.23, respectively. The knife edged shoulder had the highest value, K=5.39. Round type shoulder geometry experiments reduced the stress concentration factor (S.C.F.) 3. The gingival portion of proximal shoulder geometry was a critical location for stress concentration.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.643-652
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• 1998

이동통신용 중계안테나는 현재 약 -20 dB의 후방부엽이 존재한다. 이는 인접한 안테나에 전파감쇠 및 장애를 일으키고 있어 후방부엽을 억제시키는 것이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 Back Plate 구조를 새롭게 변형하여 후방부엽의 발생을 억압시키고, -30 dB이하의 Null Point의 각도를 넓히고자 한다. 새로운 구조의 Back Plate는 리플렉터안테나의 원리를 이용하여 ㄷ자 형태로 만들었다. Back Plate구조의 설계를 위해 범용 소프트웨어 툴인 NEC Win Pro를 사용하였다. 각 파라미터에 대한 계산으로부터 $\pm180^\circ$에서 -48.48 dB 의 후방부엽을 갖는 중계국안테나를 설계하였으며, 또한 다이폴의 길이, 다이폴 사이의 간격 및 Back Plate 크기 등의 조정으로부터 -30 dB이하에서 64$^{\circ}$의 Null Point 각도를 가지는 안테나를 설계하였다.