• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1650-1655
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• 2009

The $\beta$-glucuronidase (GUS) gene from Lactobacillus brevis RO1 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli GMS407. The GUS gene was composed of 1,812 bp, encoding a 603-amino-acid protein belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 2 with three conserved domains. The amino acid similarity was higher than 70% with the $\beta$-glucuronidases of various microorganisms, yet less than 58% with the $\beta$-glucuronidase of L. gasseri ADH. Overexpression and purification of the GUS was performed in $\beta$-glucuronidase-deficient E. coli GMS407. The purified GUS protein was 71 kDa and showed 1,284 U/mg of specific activity at optimum conditions of pH 5.0 and $37^{\circ}C$. At $37^{\circ}C$, the GUS remained stable for 80 min at pH values ranging from 5.0 to 8.0. The purified enzyme exhibited a half-life of 1 h at $60^{\circ}C$ and more than 2 h at $50^{\circ}C$. When the purified GUS was applied to transform baicalin and wogonoside into their corresponding aglycones, $150\;{\mu}M$ of baicalin and $125\;{\mu}M$ of wogonoside were completely transformed into baicalein and wogonin, respectively, within 3 h.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.371-374
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• 2007

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.140.2-140.2
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• 1989

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.159.2-159.2
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• 1990

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.191-195
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• 1993

The intestinal microflora of humans is an extraordinarily complex mixture of microorganisms, the majority of which are anaerobic bacteria. Amongst them, most prevalent bacteria are Bacteroides, Eubacterium, Peptococcus, Bifidobacteria. We isolated a Bacteroides fragilis strain from a Korean adult and examined various glycosidase activities of this strain. The activities of $N-acetyl-{\beta}-glucosaminidase,\;{\alpha}-fucosidase$, ${\beta}-glucuronidase$, chitobiase and PNPCase were stronger in Bacteroides fragilis Roid 8 than in other intestinal anaerobic bacteria. $N-acetyl-{\beta}-glucosaminidase$ was strongest, followed by ${\alpha}-fucosidase$, ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ and PNPCase. The activities of ${\beta}-galactosidase$, ${\beta}-xylosidase,\;{\alpha}-arabinofuranosidase$ were not present or very low. The activities of ${\alpha}-glucosidase$, ${\beta}-glucosidase$ and ${\alpha}-galactosidase$ were present but at a lower level than in Bifidobacterium. The effect of the carbon sources on the production of $N-acetyl-{\beta}-glucosaminidase$, ${\alpha}-fucosidase$, ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ and PNPCase of Bacteroides fragilis Roid 8 was investigated. :.actose and glucose lowered the production of the varous glycosidase enzymes studied in this work. In addition, we investigated the optimum temperature and pH of each glycosidase from Bacteroides fragilis Roid-8 using crude enzyme preparations.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 1998

Fluoride (F), over a narrow concentration range, increases bone formation. Aluminum (Ai) too is biphasic in its action on bone, being mitogenic at very low levels and inhibitory at higher levels. Both F and Al are present in finished drinking water where the chemical interaction of these two agents is well characterized. F and AI, given individually, accumulate preferentially in bone. In addition. in vivo studies have shown that F causes the co-accumulation of Al in bone. Thus, it was necessary to determine the interactive effect of these two agents on bone mitogenesis. Calvaria were obtained from neonatal CD-1 mice and cultured with various concentrations of F (0.05~19 ppm) as NaF, Al (2 ppb~2 ppm) as $AlCl_3$ , or F and Al for 3 days at $37^{\circ}C$ on a rotating roller drum. Alkaline phosphatase activity in calvaria and $\beta$-glucuronidase activity in culture medium were determined as a measures of bone turnover. Alkaline phosphatase activity in calvaria was significantly increased by F (0.05~2 ppm) treatment and $\beta$-glucuronidase activity was slightly increased in the culture medium of calvaria treated with 0.3 ppm Al. The combination of 19 ppm F and 0.3 ppm Al increased alkaline phosphatase activity in calvaria, but did not affect $\beta$-glucuronidase activity, suggesting the interactive effect of fluoride and aluminum on bone turnover.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 1997

A lysosomal and matrix degrading enzyme $\beta$-glucuronidase activity was measured in BALS/c mice fed high and low Ca in combination with the i.p. adminstration of calcium-regulating hormones including parathyoid hormone(PTH), calcitonin(CT) and cholecalciferol(Vit D). After feeding experimental diets for five weeks, mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and the enzyme was fluometrically measured at 440nm. $\beta$-Glucuronidase activity was inhibited by high calcium in the diet. in addition, vitamin D also inhibited the enzyme activity in the serum regardless of the level of dietary calcium. In contrast, PTH has shown to stimulate the enzyme at all the levels of dietary calcium. Calcitonin, and inhibitor of PTH action for bone resorption, revealed to curb PTH effect in this enzyme, whereas CT stimulated the action of vitamin D in the serum. The above results led us to conclude that osteoclastic bone resorption and senile osteoporosis may be reduced by adequate dietary calcium and vitamin D.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.325-329
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• 2005

The hepatoprotective activity of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus brevis HY7401, Lactobacillus acidophilus CSG and Bifidobacterium longum HY8001), which inhibited $\beta$-glucuronidase productivity of intestinal microflora, on t-BHP- or CCl$_4$-induced hepatotoxicity of mice were evaluated. These oral administration of lactic acid bacteria lowered $\beta$-glucuronidase production of intestinal microflora as well as Escherichia coli HGU-3. When lactic acid bacteria at a dose of 0.5 or 2 g (wet weight)/kg was orally administered on CCl$_4$-induced liver injury in mice, these bacteria significantly inhibited the increase of plasma alanine transferase and aspartate transferase activities by $17-57\%$ and $57-66\%$ of the $CCI_4$ control group, respectively. These lactic acid bacteria also showed the potent hepatoprotective effect against t-BHP-induced liver injury in mice. The inhibitory effects of these lactic acid bacteria were more potent than that of dimethyl diphenyl bicarboxylate (DDB), which have been used as a commercial hepatoprotective agent. Among these lactic acid bacteria, L. acidophilus CSG exhibited the most potent hepatoprotective effect. Based on these findings, we insist that an inhibitor of $\beta$-glucuronidase production in intestine, such as lactic acid bacteria, may be hepatoprotective.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.11
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• pp.11-17
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• 1993

The transfer of genetic material into pea tissue was accomplished by using an avirulent strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens containing the binary vector. The method used for transformation requires non-tissue culture steps as it involves the inoculation of the site of the shoot removed of germinating seeds. The identification of ${\beta}$-glucuronidase activity in the tissues of $T_0$ pea plants indicates that the plant expressible ${\beta}$-glucuronidase gene, contained the T-DNA region from pLPBO2, had been transferred at least into somatic tissues. Putative transformed $T_0$ pea plants were advanced to produce $T_1$ plants which were also assayed for the presence of the transferred ${\beta}$-glucuronidase gene. The presence of the ${\beta}$-glucuronidase gene in DNAs isolated from $T_1$ plant was demonstrated by DNA gel blot hybridization. This analysis revealed that the transformed plants contained ${\beta}$-glucuronidase gene.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 2004

The effects of kimchis intake on Helicobacter pylori infection in the stomach, the counts of lactic acid bacteria in the large intestine, and bacterial enzymes ($\beta$-glucosidase, $\beta$-glucuronidase) and pH in feces were examined. A total of 20 participants (age range 34 ∼ 57) were assessed for H. pylori infection status by Be urea breath test. Fourteen participants were eliminated because they were H. pylori-negative. This study consisted of 4 consecutive phase, each of which lasted 4 weeks. Three hundred grams of kimchi were administered to H. pylori-infected subjects during the kimchi phase, followed by 4 weeks of control phase. During the control phase, subjects consumed 60 g of kimchi, the minimum amount in their customary diets. All participants were found to be H. pylori-positive during all experimental periods. During the kimchi phase, delta over baseline (DOB) level was lower than during the control phase, although significant difference between the kimchi and control phases were not found (p=0.9439). However, the counts of Lactobacillus sp. and Leuconostoc sp. significantly (p < 0.0005) increased during the kimchi phase. $\beta$-Glucosidase and $\beta$-glucuronidase activities and pH were significantly decreased by kimchi intake compared to control (p=0.000l). These results suggested that kimchi consumption did not show any therapeutic effect on H. pylori in the stomach. However, kimchi seemed to be a good food for colon health, since it increased the beneficial bacteria such as lactobacillus and decreased toxic enzyme ($\beta$-glucosidase and $\beta$-glucuronidase) activity and pH.