• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.67-74
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the Cold-pattern and the quantitative index through the results of an anthropometric method and Bio Impedance Analysis (BIA) of the Haenyeo living in Jeju island. Furthermore, we will examine the effect of Cold-pattern on the quality of life. Methods : BIA indices were acquired directly from Inbody770 and questionnaires were collected by Gallup Korea professional surveyor through face to face interviews. Binary regression analysis and linear regression analysis were used to examine the association between collected data. Results : Total of 175 of people were participated in this study. First, we examined the difference of the indicators in the Cold-pattern group and the non-Cold pattern group by the average comparison of the anthropometry and BIA indices. Most of the non-Cold pattern group showed high quality of life, BIA and anthropometry. In the relationship between Cold-pattern and anthropometry and BIA indices, BMI and PA indices were found to affect the Cold-pattern on a group basis. As the BMI increased by $1kg/m^2$, probability of not being non-Cold pattern was 1.13 times. and as the PA increased by $1^{\circ}$, probability of not being non-Cold pattern was 2.4 times. In the case of EQ5D value, the quality of life of ${\beta}$ was increased by 0.08 in non-Cold pattern (p <.05), EQ5D VAS of ${\beta}$ was also increased by 10.05 (p <.05). Conclusions : This study showed that BMI and PA could be used as a clinical index to evaluate the Cold-pattern as a clinical indicator, and there is a difference in quality of life according to Cold-pattern.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.626-637
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• 1994

The relationship between microstructures and tensile properties depending on various solution treatment temperature and cooling rate of Ti-6A1-4V alloy have been investigated. The complex and random edge shaped $\alpha$ phases were formed after the 1st solution treatment at $\beta$ region and the 2nd solution treatment at $900^{\circ}C$, which was followed by furnace cooled. When the specimen was subjected to the 2nd solution treated at $950^{\circ}C$, and furnace cooled, $\alpha$ phase changed its morphology to equiaxed structure. The aspect ratio showing the appreciation basis of microstructual refinement decreases with the temperature of 1st and 2nd solution treatment. The slightly decrease in strength were observed in the Widmanstltten structures than in the bimodal structures. Also, ductility of the Widmanstatten structures was considerable lower than that of bimodal structures. The tensile-fractured surface of the Widmanstatten structures appears to be quasi-cleavage and dimple fracture, while that of the bimodal structures was the type of ductile fracture. The tensile fracture surface of the bimodal structures can easily be separated into cental crack areas lying generally perpendicular to the tensile axis and shear lip areas lying at angles of high shear(around 45 deg.) to the tensile axis.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.638-643
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• 1994

The Si(ll1) surface structures induced by deposition of Au atoms were investigated by RHEED system. When Au atoms were deposited on the Si(ll1) $7\times7$ surfade, the dependence of structures and phases on the substrate temperatures and coverages was drastic. For O.1ML to 0.4ML of coverage the $7\times7$ structure changes to $7\times7$ + $5\times2$ structure as temperature increases to $350^{\circ}C$-$750^{\circ}C$. Between 0.4M1 to 1.OML the phase changed to $5 \times 2,\alpha- \sqrt{3} \times \sqrt{3},\beta- \sqrt{3} \times \sqrt{3}$ structure according to the substrate temperature and coverages. When the coverages exceeds O.SML, the 6 x 6 structure appears at the substrate temperature range between $270^{\circ}C$-$370^{\circ}C$ and compeletely transforms to 6 x6 at 1,OML. The isothermal desorption of Au on Si(ll1) surface investigated by using AES in the $\alpha- \sqrt{3} \times \sqrt{3},5 \times 2$ structures shows that the desorption energys of $\alpha- \sqrt{3} \times \sqrt{3}$ and 5 x 2 were 79Kcal/mol and 82 Kcal/mol respectively.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 1994

Morphological features of the interaction between the hatching blastocyst and implantation in pig were studied by electron microscopy. The observations extended from late blastocyst stage to the completion of trophoblastic erosion of the epithelium and early decidual transformation of the epithelium and early decidual transformation of the stromal cells. Between day 7 and 17 of pregnancy, blastocysts from 0.3 to 12 mm in diameter were flushed from the uterine horns of Dutch Landrace pigs. On the 7th of development in the pig blastocyst, the blastocyst shedded of the zona pellucida established the tips of microvilli and with bleb-like cytoplasmic protrusions of the epithelial cells. From day 11 on in pig embryo, the bilayered trophoblast undergoes a dramatic phase of elongation so that the initially spherical expanded blastocyst becomes tubular. In pig, close apposition to the uterine wall beg-ins at about 12 $^1$/$_2$ days and then attachment occurred during the afternoon of the 16th or 18th day post coitum. At this stage, embryonic loss compared with corpus luteum number is up to 40% of ovulated oocytes. Therefore, the implantation failture of these embryos may be mainly caused by morphological abnormality and failture of zona shedding.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.337-348
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• 2009

Clear and homogeneous glass inclusions are well preserved at the rim of the quartz phenocrysts of tuff from Sunshin epithermal Au deposit, Haenam, although the host rocks experienced extensive silicification and argillic alteration. Glass inclusion vary in size from $5\;{\mu}m$ to larger than $200\;{\mu}m$ consisting of glass(60~80 vol%) + vapor bubble(15~30 vol%) $\pm$ daughter crystals(<10 vol%). Most of glass inclusions are cubic to rectangular in shape, indicating that the host quartz grew in the stability field of $\beta$-quartz. All the glass inclusions appear to be primary. Glass inclusions are composed of highly evolved high-K calc-alkaline rhyolites, which can represent the final liquidus phase of the magma system. The $Au_2O_3$ concentration (<0.30 wt%) is trivial in the glass, indicating there was no enrichment in the final residual melt. Textural characteristics suggest that magma was water-saturated shortly before or during the eruption. $H_2O$ content of the glass (ca. 2-4 wt%) suggests a water saturation pressure($P_{H2O}$) of about 300-900 bars. This pressure implies a minimum depth of 0.8-2.5 km for the magma chamber.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.23-30
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• 2002

The PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride) thin film having P phase is prepared by the vacuum deposition with applying the electric field and its pyroelectric properties are studied by using a dynamic method to examine the possibility of the application to the pyroelectric IR sensor. The pyroelectric responses of the PVDF thin film are characterized as the frequency dispersion in both low and high modulation frequency regions, and their frequency dependences are observed. In the low frequency region (2~10Hzz), the polarization can easily rotate with the increase of modulation frequency and show the maximum since the reorientation rate of domains is higher than the modulation frequency. On the other hand, in the high frequency region (100~1000Hz), the pyroelectric response decreases as the frequency increases, because the reorienatation rate of domains is suppressed and thus, the change of polarization decreases. Pyroelectric coefficient, figure of merits for noise equivalent power and detectivity of the PVDF thin film are measured as 3.2$\times$10$^{-10}$ C/$\textrm{cm}^2$.K, 2.34$\times$10$^{-10}$ C.cm/J and 1.32$\times$10$^{-9}$ C.cm/J, respectively. Also, the noise equivalent and the detectivity are 1.66$\times$10$^{-7}$ W/H $z^{$\sfrac{1}{2}$}$, 6.03$\times$10$^{5}$ cm.H $z^{$\sfrac{1}{2}$}$W, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.800-808
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• 2004

Resveratrol, a phytoalexin found at high levels in grapes and in grape products such as red wine, has been reported to possess a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities including antioxident, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, and anti-carcinogenic effects. According to recent studies, this compound is an effective inhibitor of cell growth in general, triggers partial arrest of the cell cycle and induce apoptosis. In this study, the anti-proliferative effects of resveratrol in A549 human lung carcinoma cells were investigated. It is shown that resveratrol induced the growth inhibition in a time-dependent manner and morphological changes of A549 cells, which were associated with induction of S phase arrest of the cell cycle and apoptotic cell death. The Bcl-$X_L$levels were markedly down-regulated in resveratrol treated cells, however, Bax and Bcl-2 were remained unchanged. Resveratrol treatment induced the proteolytic degradation of Sp-l and proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein, and inhibited the expression of $\beta$-catenin protein. Resveratrol treatment also induced a marked up-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p21 and inhibited the kinase activities of Cdk2 and Cdk4. In addition, resveratrol treatment inhibited the levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 mRNA and protein, and the release of prostagladin E2 without alteration of COX-1 expression. Taken together, these findings suggest that resveratrol may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the control of human lung carcinorma cells.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.17
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• pp.7195-7200
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• 2014

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate how CYP2C19 affects icotinib and metabolite' exposure, and to determine whether the exposure and EGFR genotype influences survival time, tumor metastasis and adverse drug reactions. Materials and Methods: 274 NSCLC patients who accepted 125mg icotinib/t.i.d. were chosen from a phase III study. Blood samples were obtained in $672^{nd}$ ($4^{th}$ week) and $1,680^{th}$ hours ($10^{th}$ week), and plasma was used to quantify the concentration of icotinib and blood cells were sampled to check the genotypes. Clinical data were also collected at the same time, including EGFR genotypes. Plasma concentrations were assessed by HPLC-MS/MS and genotype by sequencing. All data were analyzed through SPSS 17.0 and SAS 9.2. Results: CYP 2C19 genotypes affected bio-transformation from icotinib to M24 and M26, especially in poor-metabolisers. Higher icotinib concentrations (>1000 ng/mL) not only increased patient PFS and OS but also reduced tumor metastasis. Patients with mutant EGFR experienced a higher median PFS and OS (234 and 627 days), especially those with the 19del genotype demonstrating higher PR ratio. Patients who suffered grade II skin toxicity had a higher icotinib exposure than those with grade I skin toxicity or no adverse effects. Liver toxic reactions might occur in patients with greater M20 and M23 plasma concentrations. Conclusions: CYP2C19 polymorphisms significantly affect icotinib, M24 and M26 exposure. Patients with mutant EGFR genotype and higher icotinib concentration might have increased PFS and OS and lower tumor metastasis. Liver ADR events and serious skin effects might be respectively induced by greater M20, M23 and icotinib concentrations.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3 s.63
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• pp.27-42
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• 2005

Objectives : Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. These plaques are associated with degenerating neuronal processes and consist primarily of fibrillary aggregates of beta-amyloid$ protein, generated from amyloid precursor protein (APP). Another amyloidogenic fragment, the carboxyl terminus (CT) of APP, which is composed of 99-105 amino acid residues containing the complete $A{\beta}$ sequence, also appears to be toxic to neurones. Recent evidence suggest that CT105, carboxy terminal 105 amino acids peptide fragment of APP, may be an important factor causing neurotoxicity in AD. Methods : Although a variety of oriental prescriptions including Pinelliae rhizoma have traditionally been utilized for the treatment of AD, their pharmacological effects and action mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, we investigated effects of the dichloromethane extract of Pinelliae rhizoma (PINR) on neurotoxicity and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in SK-N-SH cells overexpressed with CT105. In addition, we evaluated its radical scavenging activity and effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Furthermore, effects on cognitive deficits induced by scopolamine treatment in rats were evaluated. Results ; We found in this study that PINR significantly inhibited apoptotic neuronal death induced by CT105 overexpression in SK-N-SH cells. Based on morphological examinations by phase-contrast microscopy, PINR reversed apoptotic changes of CT105-expressed cells. It was also found that PINR significantly promoted neurite outgrowth and inhibited formation of ROS nd NO. PINR was shown to scavenge DPPH radicals and noncompetitively inhibit AChE activity. Furthermore, it reduced scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rata, assessed by passive avoidance test. Conclusions : Taken together, these results demonstrate that PINR exhibits neuroprotective, antioxidant, and memory enhancing effects, and therefore may bs beneficial for the treatment of AD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.775-783
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the physicochemical properties and volatile ingredients of Jeju Apple mango subjected to different extraction methods and GC/MS. The crude protein, fat, and ash contents were $0.22{\pm}0.01$, $0.09{\pm}0.00$, and $0.27{\pm}0.02%$, respectively, and contents of free sugar increased in the order of sucrose, fructose, and glucose, whereas maltose, lactose, and galactose were not detected. The numbers of volatile flavor compounds obtained by the SE (solvent extraction), SDE (simultaneous steam distillation extraction), and SPME (solid-phase micro-extraction) methods were 51, 59, and 71, respectively. The percentages of extracted volatile flavor compounds in mango were 11.44, 15.68, and 73.54% by the SE, SDE, and SPME methods, respectively. The most abundant compounds found in Jeju Apple mango were terpenes and their derivatives, which accounted for 44.49~94.57% of total volatiles obtained. SPME method was considered to be the most effective extraction method in terms of the numbers of detected compounds and their amounts. ${\delta}$-3-Carene was identified as the dominant compound in mango, whereas ${\alpha}$-phellandrene, ${\gamma}$-terpinene, trans-${\beta}$-ocimene, ${\alpha}$-terpinolene, limonene, ${\alpha}$-pinene, and furaneol were the next important compounds.