• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.19-25
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• 2008

Commercial analog x-ray detectors based on film cassettes have been showing problems such as with image storage and image transmission. Recently direct conversion material, photoconductor whit flat panel have been researched which generate the electron hole-pair (EHP). In this paper, we researched the electrical properties of the PbO and Lead(II) oxide PbO. film which fabricated by Particle-In-Binder(PIB) method. We compared tetragonal ${\alpha}$-PbO with orthorhombic ${\beta}$-PbO physical property. Tetragonal material was more than orthorhombic material in other paper. The solution was Poly Vinyl Butyral(PVB) in the PIB. We discussed about the sample of x-ray sensitivity, leakage current, Signal to Noise Rate and investigated SEM for the physical property of sample. We need to think more research ${\alpha}$-PbO material fabrication.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.650-657
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• 2018

Objective: The study investigated the biological functions and mechanisms for controlling cashmere growth of Liaoning cashmere goat by ovarian carcinoma immunoreactive antigen-like protein 2 (OCIAD2) and decorin (DCN) genes. Methods: cDNA library of Liaoning cashmere goat was constructed in early stages. OCIAD2 and DCN genes related to cashmere growth were identified by homology analysis comparison. The expression location of OCIAD2 and DCN genes in primary and secondary hair follicles (SF) was performed using in situ hybridization. The expression of OCIAD2 and DCN genes in primary and SF was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: In situ hybridization revealed that OCIAD2 and DCN were expressed in the inner root sheath of Liaoning cashmere goat hair follicles. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that these genes were highly expressed in SF during anagen, while these genes were highly expressed in primary hair follicle in catagen phase. Melatonin (MT) inhibited the expression of OCIAD2 and promoted the expression of DCN. Insulin-like growth factors-1 (IGF-1) inhibited the expression of OCIAD2 and DCN, while fibroblast growth factors 5 (FGF5) promoted the expression of these genes. MT and IGF-1 promoted OCIAD2 synergistically, while MT and FGF5 inhibited the genes simultaneously. MT+IGF-1/MT+FGF5 inhibited DCN gene. RNAi technology showed that OCIAD2 expression was promoted, while that of DCN was inhibited. Conclusion: Activation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway up-regulated OCIAD2 expression and stimulated SF to control cell proliferation. DCN gene affected hair follicle morphogenesis and periodic changes by promoting transforming growth $factor-{\beta}$ ($TGF-{\beta}$) and BMP signaling pathways. OCIAD2 and DCN genes have opposite effects on $TGF-{\beta}$ signaling pathway and inhibit each other to affect the hair growth.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.3 s.76
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• pp.500-504
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• 2006

Haptoglobin (Hp) is an acute phase protein, and its plasma level increases consistently in response to inflammation. To investigate the biological role of Hp in lung epithelial cells, the gene expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inflammatory cytokines were analyzed using human Hp gene-transfected A549 cells. Western blot analysis showed that COX-2 expression was markedly increased in Hp DNA-transfected cells (stable transfection and transient transfection) compared with that in vehicle DNA-transfected cells. When the Hp-expressing cells were treated with $1{\mu}g/ml$ of LPS or 100 U/ml of $IL-1{\beta}$ for 24 hr, the COX-2 expression was synergistically up-regulated. ACP-based PCR data demonstrated the Hp decreased SPARC expression, but increased IL-4 and S100AI expressions. These findings suggest that the Hp acts as a pro-inflammatory mediator in lung inflammation.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.392-398
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• 2002

Comparative analysis of paeoniflorin, albiflorin and phenolic compound contents as bioactive components of peony was performed by Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RPHPLC) using the four- year-old peony which were different plant parts and pretreatment, such as removing or unremoving the cork layer of peony root before drying. The contents of paeoniflorin, albiflorin, (+)-taxifolin $3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin were the highest in rhizome part, but those of gallic acid and benzoic acid in the leaves were higher than other parts. The contents of albiflorin, gallic acid, benzoic acid and (-)-epicatechin in the cork layer were higher than in those of the core, but the contents of paeoniflorin, (+)-taxifolin $3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ and (+)-catechin in the core were higher than those in the cork layer. In general, the rhizome part of peony root has been used only propagation purpose, but this part contained high contents of bioactive component. Therefore, it is needed that medicinal application of rhizome part in peony root was firmly investigated. Also, In the use of peony root for medicinal purpose, the use of peony root with cork layer can be efficient way on the practical use of useful components and the reduction of labor for removing the cork layer.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.725-729
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• 2006

A method was developed for the determination of fructooligosaccharides and raffinose contents in infant formula. The samples were extracted and analyzed by liquid chromatography equipped with carbohydrate column and evaporative light scattering detector. The mobile phase used for the gradient mode was water-acetonitrile, at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min. The method showed a mean recovery of 95-99%, the relative standard deviation obtained in the precision study was 0.774-8.982%, the quantification and detection limits were 25-50mg/L.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2001

Expression of the baculovirus major envelope glycoprotein gene(gp64) is regulated by transcription from botha early and late promoters. To develop a transient expression vector under the control of gp64 gene promoter, the gp64 gene of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus-K1(BmNPV-K1) was characterized. The gp64 gene was local-ized at EcoR I-Pst I 7.38-kb fragment of the BmNPV-K1 genome. The EcorR 1-Pst I 7.38-kb fragment was cloned and the nucleotide sequence of 2,277 bases including the coding region of gp64 gene was determined. Based on these results, transient expression vector using gp64 gene promoter was constructed and named as pBm64. E.coli lacZ gene was introduced onto pBm64 as a reporter gene and expressed transiently in B. mori 5(Bm 5) cells. The expression vector transfected into the cells was maintained stably for 1 to 5 days. In order to confirm the expression of the reporter gene by gp64 promoter, recombinant virus was constructed. The recombinant virus has two independent transcription units in opposite orientations with two promoters; gp64 and polyhedrin gene promoters each initiating transcription of $\beta$-galactosidase and polyhedrin, respectively. Polyhedra formation and expression of $\beta$-galactosidase in Bm5 cells infected with the recombinant virus were observed with phase contrast microscope and in situ staining.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2012

$Al_2TiO_5$ ceramics were sintered by a solid-state reaction. LAS (${\beta}$-spodumene) and $Fe_2O_3$ were added to the $Al_2TiO_5$ composition for enhancement of sintering behavior such as mechanical strength and thermal shock resistance. The sintered body was much densified by addition of LAS and $Fe_2O_3$ because LAS formed the liquid-phase and $Fe_2O_3$ suppressed the grain growth. We have systematically investigated the sintering characteristics, microstructures, mechanical properties, and thermal shock resistance according to the change of the amount of additive. When the additive of LAS (20 wt%)-$Fe_2O_3$ was added to $Al_2TiO_5$, it confirmed that superior mechanical properties of the fracture strength of over 120 MPa and the thermal shock resistance of over $1,200^{\circ}C$ were achieved.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.229-243
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• 2011

Consumers' interest and government's support for the fruits rapidly increased organic fruit productions. This study was examined to compare the soil physicochemical and microbial properties of orchards soil in conventionally and organically management systems. Organic cultivation had lower soil bulk density, solid phase, and penetration resistance than the conventional cultivation. Soil pH and organic matter contents increased from March to August, and the values were greater in the organic cultivation than the conventional cultivation. Total nitrogen (N) and phosphorous concentrations decreased from March to August, and the organic soils had greater N but lower phosphorous concentrations than the conventional soils. Soil microbial carbon biomass increased 36% and 15% for organic and conventional cultivations, respectively, from March to August. Soil microbial N biomass was greater in June than March or August, and the organic cultivation had a greater biomass N compared to the conventional cultivation. Soil dehydrogenase and chitinase activities were greater in June than in March or August. ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity declined in both cultivations, while the phosphatase activity increased. Organic cultivation had greater enzyme activities in March, June, and August, except for the acid phosphatase activity in June.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6191-6196
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• 2012

Aims and Background: Traditional chemotherapy strategies for human leukemia commonly use drugs based on cytotoxicity to eradicate cancer cells. One predicament is that substantial damage to normal tissues is likely to occur in the course of standard treatments. Obviously, it is urgent to explore therapies that can effectively eliminate malignant cells without affecting normal cells. Our previous studies indicated that ginsenoside $Rg_1$ ($Rg_1$), a major active pharmacological ingredient of ginseng, could delay normal hematopoietic stem cell senescence. However, whether $Rg_1$ can induce cancer cell senescence is still unclear. Methods: In the current study, human leukemia K562 cells were subjected to $Rg_1$ exposure. The optimal drug concentration and duration with K562 cells was obtained by MTT colorimetric test. Effects of $Rg_1$ on cell cycle were analyzed using flow cytometry and by SA-${\beta}$-Gal staining. Colony-forming ability was measured by colony-assay. Telomere lengths were assessed by Southern blotting and expression of senescence-associated proteins P21, P16 and RB by Western blotting. Ultrastructural morphology changes were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results: K562 cells demonstrated a maximum proliferation inhibition rate with an $Rg_1$ concentration of $20{\mu}\;mol{\cdot}L^{-1}$ for 48h, the cells exhibiting dramatic morphological alterations including an enlarged and flat cellular morphology, larger mitochondria and increased number of lysosomes. Senescence associated-${\beta}$-galactosidase (SA-${\beta}$-Gal) activity was increased. K562 cells also had decreased ability for colony formation, and shortened telomere length as well as reduction of proliferating potential and arrestin $G_2$/M phase after $Rg_1$ interaction. The senescence associated proteins P21, P16 and RB were significantly up-regulated. Conclusion: Ginsenoside $Rg_1$ can induce a state of senescence in human leukemia K562 cells, which is associated with p21-Rb and p16-Rb pathways.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.769-773
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• 2014

Fangchinoline (Fan) inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in several cancer cell lines. The effects of Fan on cell growth and proliferation in breast cancer cells remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that Fan inhibited cell proliferation in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line through suppression of the AKT/Gsk-3beta/cyclin D1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, Fan induced apoptosis by increasing the expression of Bax (relative to Bcl-2), active caspase 3 and cytochrome-c. Fan significantly inhibited cell proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells in a concentration and time dependent manner as determined by MTT assay. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that Fan treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells resulted in cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, which correlated with apparent downregulation of both mRNA and protein levels of both PCNA and cyclin D1. Further analysis demonstrated that Fan decreased the phosphorylation of AKT and GSK-3beta. In addition, Fan up-regulated active caspase3, cytochrome-c protein levels and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, accompanied by apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggest that Fan is a potential natural product for the treatment of breast cancer.