• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.156-163
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a bergamot essential oil-inhalation on chronic pain after surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis. Methods: Fifty-two subjects were randomly assigned to the experimental (bergamot essential oil-inhalation) and control (almond oil-inhalation) group. All patients understood the purpose of this study and a written informed consent for the study was obtained. Results: Bergamot essential oil-inhalation was conducted during twenty minutes. Visual analog scale, blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate were measured before and after treatment in the two groups. The visual analog scale score, heart rate, and respiratory rate in bergamot essential oil-inhalation group were significantly lower than those in almond oil-inhalation group. However, there was no significant difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the two groups. Conclusion: Therefore, bergamot essential oil-inhalation is effective in alleviating pain, heart rate, and respiratory rate. These results suggest that bergamot essential oil-inhalation can be a useful method for the relief of chronic pain during the treatment after spinal surgery.

• 한국패션뷰티학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2005

The result of the study for essential oil(Bergamot, Grapefruit essential oil)'s Anaiysis of Blood Serum Epidermis proteins by exposure of nature lays on treatments are as follows. 1. There is no significant difference between control group and the groups treated by essential oil in feed efficiency, but in water intake, there are significant differences between each group. Water intake of the groups treated by Bergamot and Grapefruit essential oil without treatment by sun cream is higher than that of any other group. It is presented that the effect of losing water of the surface of skin is related to the balance effect of water. 2. As a result of serum analysis without applied UV-rays, the total cholesterol in the groups treated by Bergamot essential oil is higher than that of the groups treated by Grapefruit essential oil. It is showed that the dissolution of cellulite of Grapefruit essential oil is stronger than that of Bergamot essential oil. After applied UV-rays, however, the change of total cholesterol of the groups treated by Bergamot essential oil is lower than that of the groups treated by Grapefruit essential oil, namely, the group treated by Bergamot essential oil drops is used to make sebum membrane on the surface of skin, so the quantity of influx into blood vessel was low. With the result that, atherosclerotic index(A.I) also was low in the group treated by Grapefruit essential oil. In the aspect of increasing cholesterol for obesity treatment, it was judged that the effect of treatment with Bergamot essential oil is somewhat slower than that with Grapefruit essential oil, but it is safer than the effect of treatment with Grapefruit essential oil in the aspect of health. 3. As a result of protein analysis, the groups applied UV-rays in the group of treated by Bergamot essential oil, the biggest change of protein's band was appeared under part of 20.0 1Kd in the change pattern of protein. As the trend of changing protein at the groups treated by SPF 15 and 30 was similar to that of the groups of the control, it was showed that the effect of sun cream can prevent the change of the composition of skin. In the groups treated by Grapefruit essential oil, after the groups treated by Grapefruit essential oil applied UV-rays, the biggest change of protein's bend was appeared the upper part of 43Kd in the change pattern of protein. It was also judged that it means the change of the composition of skin. However, the trend of changing protein at the groups treated by SPF 15 and 30 was also similar to that of the groups of the control. Eventually, it was also showed that it can prevent the change of the composition of skin by the effect of sun cream.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.265-271
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• 2005

Citrus essential oil (bergamot, grapefruit, lemon, mandarin, petigrain)이 B16 melanoma 세포에서 melanin 생성에 미치는 영향과 RBL 2H3 비만세포에서 ROS 생성에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다 5 종류의 citrus essential oil은 DPPH 라디칼 소거와 세포 증식 및 독성에서 대조군에 비해 유의한 변화를 일으키질 않았다. 정제한 tyrosinase 활성에 있어서 mandarin과 petigrain essential oil은 유의하게 tyrosinase 활성을 억제하였으나 bergamot은 전혀 억제하지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 mandarin과 petigrain essential oil이 tyrosinase 효소 억제 기전은 설명하지 못하지만 tyrosinase 효소에 직접적으로 작용하여 억제하는 것으로 보인다. B16 melanoma 세포에서 MSH에 의한 melanin 생성이 5 종류의 citrus essential oil에 의해 모두 농도 의존적으로 억제되었다. Bergamot essential oil은 tyrosinase 효소 활성을 직접적으로 억제하지는 못했지만 melanoma 세포에서 MSH에 의한 melanin 생성은 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 다른 4종류의 citrus essential oil도 모두 tyrosinase 효소 활성을 억제하였으며, MSH에 의한 melanin 생성도 억제하였다. 한편 DCF-DA를 이용한 ROS 생성에 있어서는 madarin essential oil은 ROS 생성에 이렇다 할 영향을 주지 않았지만 다른 4개의 essential oil (Bergamot, Grapefruit, Lemon, Petigrain)은 농도 의존적으로 ROS 생성을 증가시켰다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 citrus essential oil은 MSH에 의한 melanin 생성을 억제하는 것으로 보아 미백제로서의 개발 가능성이 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.240-244
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• 2018

There is growing concern about cross infection among the patients to patients, patients to staffs, and tools to patients in healthcare facilities, especially in dentistry. In this study, the most widely used dental impression materials were prepared and the synergy effect of Chlorhexidine and essential oil on antimicrobial activity was examined in the impression materials. Chlorhexidine concentration of 0.1 wt% and 0.5 wt% showed no antimicrobial activity on Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Candida albicans. At 1.0 wt% Chlorhexidine, 0% of E. coli and 34.7% of Candida albicans were survived. Bergamot (Essential oil) concentration of 0.5 wt% and 1.0 wt% showed no antimicrobial activity on E. coli. At 2.0 wt% Bergamot oil, 71.9% of E. coli were survived. Tea tree oil (Essential oil) of 0.5 wt% showed no antimicrobial activity on E. coli. At 1.0 wt% Tea tree oil, 11.2% of E. coli was survived. At 2.0 wt% Tea tree oil, no E. coli was survived. However, no E. coli was survived at the concentration of 0.8 wt% Bergamot with 0.3 wt% Chlorhexidine. At the concentration of 0.8 wt% Tea Tree oil with 0.3 wt% Chlorhexidine, 1.3% of E. coli were survived. The experimental results showed that the synergy effects between Chlorhexidine and essential oils on antimicrobial activity were prominent.

• 약학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2003

This study is performed to investigate the effects of citrus essential oils on melanin production in B16 melanoma cells. Five kinds of citrus essential oils (Bergamot, Grapefruit, Lemon, Mandarin, Petigrain) did not have any influence on DPPH radical scavenger activity, cell growth and cytotoxicity in B16 melanoma cells. Both mandarin and petigrain essential oils dose-dependently inhibited purified tyrosinase activity, but bergamot did not. In 1$\mu$M MSH-stimulated B16 melanoma cells, all of 5 citrus essential oils inhibited melanin production in a dose dependent manner. From the above results, it is possible that citrus essential oils may be developed to be an anti-melanogenesis agent on the basis of their inhibitory effect on MSH-induced melanin production.

• 한국패션뷰티학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국패션뷰티학회 2005년도 정기총회 및 춘계학술대회
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• pp.23-24
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• 2005

• 한국패션뷰티학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2004

석창포와 에센셜오일 Geranium(Pelargonum aspeum), lemongrass(Cymbpogen), Cypress(Cupressus Sempervirens), Chamomile Roman(Anthemis nobilis), Tea tree(malaleuca lterniflia), Bergamot(citrus aurant bergamia), lavender(Lavendula officinalis), Sandal wood(Santalum album)을 혼합하여 나타나는 항균 시너지 효과를 Streptococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans에 대하여 검토 해본 결과 다음과 같은 사실이 확인되었다. 1. 석창포는 Streptococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans에 대하여 뚜렷한 항균 효과를 나타냈다. 2. 아로마오일, Geranium(Pelargonum aspeum) lemongrass(Cymbpogen), Cypress(Cupressus Sempervirens), Chamomile Roman(Anthemis nobilis), Tea tree(malaleuca lterniflia), Bergamot(citrus aurant bergamia).lavender(Lavendula officinalis), Sandal wood(Santalum album)등은 Streptococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans에 대하여 강력한 항균 효과를 나타냈다. 3. 석창포와 아로마오일을 혼합 시에도 Streptococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans에 대하여 항균 시너지 효과를 나타냈다. 이로써 석창포와 아로마오일 모두 항균력을 가지고 있음이 확인되었고, 혼합시 또한 석창포와 아로마 오일의 대부분 상승효과가 있으며 이는 화장품에 폭넓게 응용할 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2022

Purpose : In recent years, essential oils have been produced using natural extracts for various uses. Their functionality is currently being tested not only for cosmetics and perfumes but also for other categories of products. Therefore, this study verified their antibacterial effects on S. mutans, P. gingivalis, and L. gasseri which are the representative strains that cause oral diseases. Methods : Eighteen types of natural essential oils were made at a concentration of 50 % (v/v) using Tween 20, and their antibacterial effects were verified by applying S. mutans, P. gingivalis, and L. gasseri. The antibacterial effects were measured with the disc diffusion method. All the experiments were repeated three times, and the mean value of three measurement values for each variable was used for data analysis. A one-way analysis of variance was conducted using these mean values. Results : Of the eighteen types of essential oils tested, sixteen types showed antibacterial effects on S. mutans, and sixteen and fifteen types exhibited antibacterial effects on P. gingivalis and L. gasseri respectively. The types of essential oils with high-level antibacterial activities were geranium, may chang, and bergamot for S. mutans, lemongrass, bergamot, and eucalyptus for P. gingivalis, and lemongrass, machan, and geranium for L. gasseri in order of antibacterial effect. This result was statistically significant (p<.001). In addition, in the case of mandarin oil, it was found that there was no antibacterial activity in all three strains. Conclusion : This study proved the antibacterial activities of essential oils, which are used for various purposes in daily life, against dental caries and periodontal diseases. The study results will likely be applied to different prevention programs for oral health and broadly used to develop products such as oral care items and dentifrices.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.85-89
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• 2009

This study examined the therapeutic effects of aromatherapy for the treatment of otitis externa in dogs. Eleven dogs with otitis externa were examined. The control group (5 dogs) was treated with susceptible antibiotics, and the experimental group (6 dogs) was treated with aroma-oil applied topically to the ear canal. The aroma-oil contained 10 ml sweet almond oil, 0.3 ml bergamot oil, 0.2 ml lavender oil, 0.1 ml tea tree oil and 0.1 ml roman chamomile oil. The blended aroma-oil (0.1 ml) was applied to the ear canal twice daily for 2 weeks. The authors examined the changes in the clinical signs, bacterial count in discharges, total WBC count and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios in the two groups. The bacterial cell counts in the experimental group were significantly lower at one (p < 0.01) and two weeks (p < 0.05) after treatment than the control group. These results suggest that aromatherapy is an effective and practical treatment for otitis externa in dogs.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.1123-1134
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of aromatherapy on blood pressure and stress responses of clients with essential hypertension. Method: There were fifty-two subjects divided into an essential oil group, placebo group, and control group by random assignment. The application of aromatherapy was the inhalation method of blending oils with lavender, ylangylang, and bergamot once daily for 4 weeks. To evaluate the effects of aromatherapy, blood pressure and pulse were measured two times a week and serum cortisol levels, catecholamine levels, subjective stress, and state anxiety were measured before and after treatment in the three groups. Data was analyzed by repeated measures of ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, and $X^2-test$ using the SPSS 10.0 program. Results: The blood pressure, pulse, subjective stress, state anxiety, and serum cortisol levels among the three groups were significantly statistically different. The differences of catecholamine among the three groups were not significant statistically Conclusion: The results suggest that the inhalation method using essential oils can be considered an effective nursing intervention that reduces psychological stress responses and serum cortisol levels, as well as the blood pressure of clients with essential hypertension.