• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.437-440
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• 1985

Organic azides were reduced to organic amines in the presence of tetracarbonylhydridoferrate(O) as a highly selective reducing agent at room temperature under carbon monoxide atmosphere. Particularly, benzoylazide gave ethylphenylcarbamate at room temperature but gave benzamide quantitatively at -40$^{\circ}$ in the presence of tetracarbonylhydridoferrate under carbon monoxide atmosphere.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.916-920
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• 2003

Photoreactions of N-(2,4-dibromonaphthyl)arenecarboxamides in basic medium result in the intramolecular substituted products, 2-aryl-8-bromonaphthoxazoles in moderate yields and further photoreactions of the products afford the reduced products, 2-arylnaphthoxazoles. These reactions are straightforward for syntheses of naphthoxazole derivatives. Since the intramolecular photosubstitution of the bromoarenecarboxamide by the oxygen of its amide group is more effective than the photoreduction of the substituted product, 2-aryl-8- bromonaphthoxazole in basic medium, the intramolecular substituted product, 2-aryl-8-bromonaphthoxazole can be isolated. A charge-transfered excited singlet state of an imidol form of the 2-bromoarenecarboxamide is involved in the photosubstitution, whereas an excited triplet state of the 2-aryl-8-bromonaphthoxzole is closely involved in the photoreduction.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.23-26
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• 1984

The crystal structure of phthalylsulfacetamide, one of the long-acting 'sulfa' drugs, has been determined by the X-ray diffraction methods. The crystal is monoclinic with cell dimensions of a = 7.980(3), b = 12.784(2), c = 18.064(7) ${\AA}$ and ${\beta}$= $112.94(2)^{\circ}$, space group $P2_1$/c and Z = 4. The structure was solved by the direct methods and refined to R = 0.048. The sulfonylacetamide moiety is folded with respect to the central phenyl ring and the benzamide and benzoyl planes are nearly perpendicular to each other. This conformation is consistent with those of the relevant molecules containing the corresponding moieties. All of the molecules in the crystal lattice are connected by a three-dimensional hydrogen bonding network.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 1982

The new substituent constants $({\sigma}^{\ast})$ are calculated from the acidity constants $(pK^{\ast})$ of phenol derivatives in the excited state ($^1L_b$). These substituent constant are applied to the Hammett equations and found good correlation with $pK^{\ast}$ of 2,6-di-tert-butyl phenol, benzamide, nitroaniline, thiophenol, azobenzene, and benzoic acid derivatives. The correlation was much better than that of ground state substituent constants such as ${\sigma},\;{\sigma}^+$, and ${\sigma}^-$. From these results, the new substituent constants $({\sigma}^{\ast})$are proposed to be used for the linear free energy relationship in the $^1({\pi},{\pi}^{\ast})$ excited states of phenyl compounds.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.313-319
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• 1984

Phenylurea, phenylthiourea, benzylcarbamate and toluenesulfonate of L-alanyl-L-proline(comp. $3{\sim}6$) were synthesized and their effects against angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) were tested. Comp. 3 showed only mild inhibitory activities against ACE while comp. $4{\sim}6$ were inert indicating that those functional groups were not suitable for interactions with ACE. Ortho-hydroxy- or ortho-carboxy-benzamide of proline (comp. 7) and phenylalanine (comp. 8 and 9) were also tested. Of the benzamides, ortho-hydroxy function was unsuitable to exert inhibitory activities against ACE. Ortho-carboxy group of 9 seemed to have mild interactions with active site of ACE possibly because of the shorter distance between the amide and ortho-carboxyl group of the compound than the corresponding two active sites of the enzyme.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.3088-3092
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• 2013

A novel PVC membrane sensor for perindopril based on perindopril-phosphotungstate ion pair complex was prepared. The influence of membrane composition (i.e. percent of PVC, plasticizer, ion-pair complex, and kind of plasticizer), inner solution, pH of test solution and foreign cations on the electrode performance was investigated. The optimized membrane demonstrates Nernstian response ($30.9{\pm}1.0$ mV per decade) for perindopril cations over a wide linear range from $9.0{\times}10^{-7}$ to $1{\times}10^{-2}$ M at $25^{\circ}C$. The potentiometric response is independent of the pH in the range of 4.0-9.5. The proposed sensor has the advantages of easy preparation, fast response time. The selectivity coefficients indicate excellent selectivity for perindopril over many common cations (e.g., $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Ni^{2+}$, rhamnose, maltose, glycine and benzamide. The practical applications of this electrode was demonstrated by measuring the concentrations of perindopril in pure solutions and pharmaceutical preparations with satisfactory results.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.743-748
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• 1994

Photochemical reactions of saccharin with tertiary amines were explored. Saccharin was found to undergo an acid-base reaction with N-trimethylsilylmethyl-N,N-diethyl amine to form N-trimethylsilylmethyl-N,N-diethyl ammonium saccharin salt which is in equilibrium with free saccharin and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-N,N-diethyl amine insolution. Photoreaction of N-trimethylsilylmethyl-N,N-diethyl ammonium saccharin in $CH_3OH\;or\;CH_3CN$ results in the generation of desilylmethylated product, N,N-diethyl ammonium saccharin mainly along with benzamide. Photoreaction of N-methylsaccharin with N-trimethylsilylmethyl-N,N-diethyl amine in $CH_3OH$ leads to the production of o-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-N-ethylbenzenesulfonamid e as the major product along with N-methylbenzamide as the minor product. On the other hand, photoreaction of N,N,N-triethyl ammonium saccharin, generated from saccharin and triethylamine, produces N-methylbenzamide as the exclusive product. These photoreactions are quenched by oxygen indicating that triplets of saccharin and N-methylsaccharin are the reactive excited states. Based on the consideration of the redox potentials of saccharin and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-N,N-diethyl amine, and the nature of photoproducts, pathways involving initial triplet state single electron transfer are proposed for photoreactions of the saccharins with the ${\alpha}$-silylamine.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.274-280
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• 1997

The rates and stoichiometry of the reaction of gallane-trimethylamine with selected organic compounds containing representative functional groups were examined in tetrahydrofuran solution under standardized conditions (THF, 0 ℃). And its reducing characteristics were compared with those of aluminum hydride-triethylamine(AHTEA). The rate of hydrogen evolution from active hydrogen compounds varied considerably with the nature of the functional group and the structure of the hydrocarbon moiety. Alcohols, phenol, amines, thiols evolved hydrogen rapidly and quantitatively. Aldehydes and ketones were reduced moderately to the corresponding alcohols. Cinnamaldehyde was reduced to cinnamyl alcohol, which means that the conjugated double bond was not attacked by gallane-trimethylamine. Carboxylic acids, esters, and lactones were stable to the reagent under standard conditions. Acid chlorides also were rapidly reduced to the corresponding alcohols. Epoxides and halides were inert to the reagent. Caproamide and nitrile were stable to the reagent, whereas benzamide was rapidly reduced to benzylamine. Nitropropane, nitrobenzene and azoxybenzene were stable to the reagent, whereas azobenzene was reduced to 1,2-diphenylhydrazine. Oximes and pyridine N-oxide were reduced rapidly. Di-n-butyl disulfide and dimethyl sulfoxide were reduced only slowly, but diphenyl disulfide was reduced rapidly. Finally, sulfones and sulfonic acids were inert to the reagent under the reaction.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.123-130
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• 1995

A single-blind comparative study was performed using haloperidol as a reference drug in order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nemonapride, a new benzamide derivative, in sixty-nine Korean schizophrenic patients. the total period of the study was 8 weeks, maximum dosage of nemonapride was 36mg and that of haloperidol was 24mg. Psychopathology and extrapyramidal symptoms were assessed every week or four weeks until the end of the 8th week using the PANSS, BPRS, and 4 point general side effect check list, The drug safety was assessed every week until the end of the 8th week using vital sign, body weight, EEG, EKG, and blood chemistry. In total. one patient discontinued nemonapride treatment and seven patients discontinued haloperidol treatment before the end of the study. Therefore sixty-one patients(88 %) completed the study. PNASS and BPRS scores of the two groups on the end study point demonstrated a significant improvement compared with baseline score. The number of patients who had a clinical improvement of at least 20% in baseline score was similiar in both treatment groups. The difference of Simpson's rating scale socres were significant in both groups, and mean scores were more high in the haloperidol group than in nemonapride group. No significant EKG, EEG changes were induced, no relevant change in body weight or clinical laboratory parameters were observed in the sixty-one patients during 8 weeks and no Significant difference in the both groups. From these results, nemonapride is considered to be a clinically useful drug having a wide range of antipsychotic effect in schzophrenic patients.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.179-189
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• 2000

Clebopride malate(Cm) is a new benzamide drug which has a potent central antidopaminergic activity possessing antiemetic and anxiolytic properties. A purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of formulating sustained release preparation by dispersing a drug in hydrophilic polymeric matrices and double layered tablets(DLT), using HPMC, carbopol, PEO, PVP/VA and other polymers as a rate controlling barrier. The matrix and DLT showed optimum dissolution pattern up to 8 hours and the contents of polymer were optimized at 30% level in this preparation. After an oral administration in beagle dog, Cm concentration was determined by use of GC-ECD and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by Vallner's method. The AUC of DLT showed similar results and the duration of action was increased 55% compared to that of regular release dosage form. The calculated absorption rate effectiveness(ARE) and controlled release effectiveness(CRE) for DLT increased 50% compared to that of matrix, the overall effectiveness(E) of this product appears to be about 70%. in vivo effectiveness test, DLT showed significant differences from control on antiemetic action of Cm. In consequence, it was possible to conclude that double layered tablet might be a good candidate for the sustained release dosage forms.