• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1551-1559
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• 2013

This study was conducted to compare benthic macroinvertebrate communities of urban stream and nature stream in Daegu-si, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsan-si, Andong-si, and Cheongsong-gun. The survey was carried out with 12 points in total six points for urban stream, six points for nature stream from Sept. 2011 to July 2012. In the urban stream were 33 species belonged to 24 families, 11 orders, 7 classes and 4 phyla while in the nature stream were 73 species belonged to 38 families, 12 orders, 5 classes and 4 phyla. In general, species diversity indices and species richness indices appeared low in urban stream but dominance indices was high. Functional feeding groups and Habitat Oriented Groups appeared comparatively simple in urban stream rather than nature stream. As a result of analysis of community stability, species included to area I and area III equally appeared in nature stream while species included to area I mostly appeared in urban stream. An analysis of the correlation between the population density and the number of species, the population number and biological indicators such as DI, H', RI, and ESB revealed that there was a significant correlativity with the diversity index and a very high correlativity with the number of species, abundance index and the ESB. On the other hand, the population number and the dominance index did not reveal any correlativity. For indicator species, Hydroptila KUa, Physa acuta appeared in urban stream while Paraleptophlebia chocolata, Epeorus pellucidus appeared in nature stream.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2003

Seasonal fluctuations of physico-chemical and biological aspects of the environment were studied in Vladivostok harbour (Golden Horn Bay, the East Sea/Sea of Japan). The benthic community structure was described with a focus on size-spectra (bacteria, meio- and macrofauna) related with the chemical environment and chemical fluxes in sediment and to reveal their possible ecological role in the process of bioremediation of the environment. Samples from two sites with different concentrations of heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Mn, Cr, Ni Cd, Co) and petroleum hydrocarbon were assessed by a number of methods. These included plate counts of culturable bacteria, observation through a scanning electron (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). These approaches were complemented with microscopic assessments of the diversity of the benthic community. The specific communities had a limited number of species, tolerant to abnormally high levels of toxic compounds. The dominant species were presented by several sho.1-lived small polychaetes (Capitella capitata) and nematodes (Oncholaimium ramosum). The highest population density was recorded in microbenthos, in various diatoms, various physiological groups of bacteria which participate in biomineralization: marine heterotrophic bacteria, which oxidized oil, black oil in addition to groups resistant to heavy metals. They have the entire set of mechanisms for neutralizing the negative effect of those compounds, forming the detrital food web and biogeochemical circulation of material in sediments, which results in the biological self-recycling of sea basins. Macro- and meiobenthic organisms were more sensitive to a greater extent of $H_2S$ and petroleum hydrocarbons than to metal content, but the within-site rankings were the same as those achieved for microbiological analyses.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• nspc9호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2016

Freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates were investigated from five sampling sites on Jindo Island located in the southwestern end of the Korean Peninsula. A total of 47 species (average $14{\pm}3.16$ species per site, 40 species in lotic area, and 13 species in lentic area) belonging to 38 families, 14 orders, 5 classes, and 3 phyla were sampled. Coleoptera, Diptera, Ephemeroptera, and Trichoptera were the major groups of benthic macroinvertebrates with relatively high species richness. Species diversity indices (H') and richness indices (RI) of upper streams were relatively higher than those of lower streams, which were affected by agricultural effluent from the paddy fields.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.373-380
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• 2017

This study identified the effect of changes in the riverbed on the benthic macroinvertebrate communities. The benthic macroinvertebrates collected from the surveyed sites belonged to 119 species, 65 families, 20 orders, and 7 classes in 4 phyla. The number of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (E.P.T) species was 42, 10, and 8, respectively, in the tributary, confluence, and Nakdong River sites. Lotic species (Hydropsychidae) showed a high density at the tributary sites, whereas lentic species (Chironomidae) showed a high density at the confluence and Nakdong River sites. Community analysis showed that the Dominance Index (DI) was 0.54 in tributary sites, and dominance indices increased closer to the Nakdong River sites. The diversity index (H') was inversely proportional to DI. The ratio of Burrowers species (BU) at the surveyed sites increased closer to the Nakdong River sites. Analysis of common species showed 37 species (34.6%) between the tributary and confluence sites and 66 species (51.5%) between the confluence and Nakdong River sites.

• ALGAE
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2003

Dynamics of phytoplankton communities were investigated at five stations in Youngsan River from December 1995 to November 1996. Phytoplankton were identified to the total of 466 taxa, which were composed of 136 genera, 438 species, 27 varieties and 1 forma. The standing crops ranged 1,163-50,765 cells ${\cdot}ml^{-1}$ during the investigation periods. The variation of classes was in order to Chrysophyceae - Bascillariophyceae - Chlorophyceae at St. 1 and was only Bacillariophyceae at the other stations. The dominant species were 12 taxa including Aulacoseira ambigua, A. garnulata, Cyclotella meneghiniana, C. pseudostelligera, Chlorella vulgaris, Dinobryon sertularia, Flagilaria elliptica, Monoraphidium contortum, Micractinium pusillum, Nitzschia palea, Scenedesmus grahneisii and Stephanodiscus hantzschii f. tenuis. The standing crops of dominant species ranged from 10.6% to 94.7%. The genus Dinobryon in Chrysophyceae was dominant species at St. 1 in December 1995, but not recorded in the other months. The dominant species were composed with the planktonic diatoms from winter to spring and were the tychoplanktonic and the benthic species at St. 2-5 from summer to fall. The relationships between total standing crops and water temperature, pH, $NH_4$, $NO_2$, $NO_3$ and $PO_4$ showed low positive or negative coefficients. Stephanodiscus hantzschii f. tenuis had low positive or negative coefficients with water temperature, $NH_4$, $NO_2$, $NO_3$ and $PO_4$. The fluctuations of standing crops in the Youngsan river phytoplankton community were not caused by a single factor but controlled by the complex factors with interaction between phytoplankton community and envirowmental factors.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제39권spc1호
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• pp.203-213
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• 2006

The spatial patterns of meiobenthic communities in deep-sea sediment were examined. Sediment samples for analyzing of meiobenthic community structure were collected using a remote operated vehicle (ROV), multiple corer TV grab at 20 stations at five sites. In all, 15 meiofauna groups were recorded. Nematodes were the most abundant taxon. Benthic foraminiferans, harpacticoid copepods, polychaetes, and crustacean naupii were also dominant groups at all sites. The total meiofauna density at the study sites varied from 49 to 419 ind./$10cm^2$. The maximum density was recorded at a site located in Challenger Deep in the Mariana trench where simple benthic foraminifera with organic walls flourish. These distinctive taxa seem to be characteristic of the deepest ocean depths. Active hydrothermal sediments contain up to 150 harpacticoid copepods per $10cm^2$ of sediment. In a inactive ridge sediments, devoid of macrofaunal organisms:, the abundance of harpacticoid copepods never exceeded 15 ind./$10cm^2$. Multivariate analysis (multidimensional scaling) revealed significant differences in community structure among the three regions; near an active hydrothermal vent, in the deepest ocean depths and at typical deep-sea bed sites.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.190-200
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• 2001

인천 동춘동 척전 갯벌 저서동물의 군집구조를 알아보기 위하여 3개의 정점을 대상으로 1990년 9월부터 1992년 7월까지 2개년동안 격월별로 현장조사를 실시하였다. 조사 기간 중 총 111종, 평균 708.1 개체/$m^2$와 214.9 gWWt/$m^2$의 저서동물이 채집되었다. 출현 종 수와 개체수에 있어서는 환형동물의 다모류가, 생물량에 있어서는 연체동물과 극피동물이 대표적인 분류군이었다. 조위에 따른 저서동물의 출현 경향은 종 수와 개체수는 갯벌의 하부로 갈수록 뚜렷하게 증가하는 결과를 보였고, 생물량은 갯벌의 중부에서 가장 높았다. 척전 갯벌의 집괴분석 결과에 의하면, 3개의 정점군과 4개의 종군으로 구분할 수 있었다. 정점군은 조위에 따라 상부, 중부 그리고 하부 정점 그룹으로 나뉘었고, 종군은 다음과 같았다: 1) 중하부 광역분포 종군으로 Heteromastus filifomis-Mactra veneriformis-Solen strictus-Ilyoplax finggi 군집, 2) 상부 분포 종군으로 Nephtys chemulpoensis-Macrophthalmus gaponicus 군집, 3) 중부 분포 종군으로 Glycera subaenea-Decorifer matusimana-Tritodynamia 군집 ,4)하부 분포 종군으로 Nephtys polybranchia-Borniopsis tsurumaru-Asthenognathus inaequipes-Protankyra bidentata 군집으로 구분되었다.

• 환경생물
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.238-249
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• 2005

2002년 9월, 12월 그리고 2003년 3월에 걸쳐 진해 국가산업단지 인근의 조사해역에서 총 27개 정점을 선정하고 저서동물 군집의 특성을 파악하였다. 전 조사기간 모두 각각 총 9개 동물군이 확인되었고, 평균 저서동물의 서식밀도는 $2,324ind.m^{-2}$으로, 일반적인 한국 연안의 저서동물 서식밀도보다 다소 높은 값이었다. 이중 전 계절에서 가장 우점하는 동물군은 다모류로서, 3회 평균 $1,713ind.m^{-2}$의 서식밀도를 나타내었으며, 출현 개체수에 있어 전체 출현동물의 $73.7\%$를 차지하여 그 중요도가 가장 높았다. 다모류의 출현종수 및 서식밀도는 전 계절 조사기간동안 $61\~$66종, $1,445\~l,899ind.m^{-2}$으로 계절 변동은 크지 않았다. 전반적으로 진해 국가산업단지 인근의 해역에서 출현종수 및 서식밀도가 낮았고, 비교적 해수 소통이 원활한 초리도 인근 해역에서 높았다. 진해만에서 3계절동안 우점한 다모류는 Lumbrineris longifolia, Tharyx sp., Mesochaetopterus sp., Heteromastus filiformis, Prionospio sp., Glycinde sp. 등이었다. 우점 다모류 역시 진해 국가산업단지 인근의 해역에서 출현종수 및 서식밀도가 낮은 편이었고, 초리도 인근 해역에서 대체적으로 높았다. 이중 Mesochaetopterux sp.만 유독 수하식 홍합양식장이 위치한 일부 정점에서 극우점 하였다. 집괴분석에 의해 본 연구 해역을 구분한 결과, 진해 국가산업단지에서부터 외해쪽으로 나가면서 정점군들의 위치가 단계적으로 나타나는 현상이 뚜렷하였다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.233-241
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• 2008

Functional feeding groups (FFGs) of benthic macroinvertebrates are guilds of invertebrate taxa that obtain food in similar ways, regardless of their taxonomic affinities. They can represent a heterogeneous assemblage of benthic fauna and may indicate disturbances of their habitats. The proportion of different groups can change in response to disturbances that affect the food base of the system, thereby offering a means of assessing disruption of ecosystem functioning. In this study, we used benthic macroinvertebrate communities collected at 650 sites of 23 different water types in the province of Overijssel, The Netherlands. Physical and chemical environmental factors were measured at each sampling site. Each taxon was assigned to its corresponding FFG based on its food resources. A multilayer perceptron (MLP) using a backpropagation algorithm, a supervised artificial neural network, was applied to evaluate the influence of environmental variables to the FFGs of benthic macroinvertebrates through a sensitivity analysis. In the evaluation of input variables, the sensitivity analysis with partial derivatives demonstrates the relative importance of influential environmental variables on the FFG, showing that different variables influence the FFG in various ways. Collector-filterers and shredders were mainly influenced by $Ca^{2+}$ and width of the streams, and scrapers were influenced mostly with $Ca^{2+}$ and depth, and predators were by depth and pH. $Ca^{2+}$ and depth displayed relatively high influence on all four FFGs, while some variables such as pH, %gravel, %silt, and %bank affected specific groups. This approach can help to characterize community structure and to ecologically assess target ecosystems.

• 생태와환경
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2022

본 연구는 전국 하구 중 열린 하구를 대상으로 저서성대형무척추동물의 군집현황 및 서식지 주요 변화 동인과의 관계를 분석하였다. 조사하구는 "생물측정망 조사 및 평가 지침"에 따라 이루어졌으며, 해역별로 구분하여 동해하구 80곳, 남해하구 102곳, 서해하구 19곳에서 수행하였다. 총 201개 열린 하구에서 출현한 저서성 대형무척추동물은 4문 9강 41목 139과 269종으로 동해하구 196종, 남해하구 182종 서해하구 90종이었다. 동해해역에서는 곤충강이 높은 개체밀도를 보였으며, 남해는 연갑강, 서해는 환형동물문이 가장 높은 개체밀도를 보였다. SIMPER 분석을 통해서 저서성 대형무척추동물 군집에 기여하는 종을 분석한 결과, 해역별로 주요 기여종의 차이가 구분됨을 확인하였으며, 이 상위 종들의 전체 기여도가 군집의 50% 이상을 차지하였다. 동해의 군집은 하구말단 염도의 영향을 받아 담수종의 기여율이 높았으며, 남해, 서해의 경우 하상 기질 비율에 따른 종 조성을 보였다. 각 해역의 군집은 낮은 유사도를 보였는데, 해역별 종 조성의 유사성은 지역의 차이보다 각 하구의 하상 기질 비율에 따른 군집 조성차이를 보였다. 결과적으로 저서성 대형무척추동물 군집은 지리적 거리보다는 염도와 하상 기질 같은 서식환경의 특성에 따라 종 조성이 구분되는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 내용은 국내 하구의 저서성 대형무척추동물의 다양성과 분포의 변화를 파악하고 예측해 미래환경변화에 대응할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다