• 한국의류학회지
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.1007-1018
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• 1999

The purpose of this study were : 1) to examine the apparel product purchasing tendency of PC communication and internet users in home shopping 2) to analyze the difference of apparel product purchasing tendency accordint to consumer factors. The data was administered to 160 subjects who had communicated the PC communication and internet. And the data was collected from May through August in 1998. SPSS package was used for analysis and the following methods such as Means Percentage Frequencies Factor analysis Crosstabulation analysis t-test and one-way ANOVA, The results of this study were as follows : 1) The users of PC communication and internet were young and high-education level and a metropolitan area dwellers. They received a purchase offer through catalog PC communication and internet cable TV and paid out credit card Experience to purchasing apparel product of home shopping was very low but intention to purchasing was relative high. item that consumer wanted to buy using home shopping were casual clothing and fashion goods which were not important to fit and without regard to style. 2) Between purchasing apparel product of home shopping and mainly consideration factors were shown to have the significant differences according to age residential quarters whether or not marriage. income level. A metropolitan area dwellers the low-age unmarried and the low-income groups thought much of convenience shopping time and effort's saving. A person of the higher-income and the married thought much of the facility of an exchange or returned goods. A region dwellers were to purchase a speciality product or gift goods. 3) Between purchasing apparel product of home shopping and satisfaction degree were shown to have significant differences according to sex whether or not marriage education level an occupation. The woman than the man was satisfied with the benefit of the shopping time and effort's saving. And the unmarried than the married was satisfied with the benefit of the home shopping's convenience. The higher-education level than the lower-education level was satisfied with the quality guarantee of the product.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2013

The aim of the study was to reveal the scope and benefits derives from establishing carbon forests in a country like Bangladesh. Carbon forestry is the modernized forestry practice that evolves no cutting of trees or vegetation rather conserves them in the wood. Trees might be the source of carbon sink at large scale by establishing carbon forests. To find out how and in what extent forests of Bangladesh could contribute to global emission reduction, tree species of economic importance were taken into account about their carbon sequestration potential. Data source was a secondary one. Bangladesh has subtropical evergreen and deciduous forest tree species. Here trees can sequester almost 45-55 percent organic carbon in their biomass. On an average, trees in different types of stands can sequester 150-300 tC/ha. Carbon value of these forests might be 7,500-15,000 USD per hactre (assuming 50 USD per equivalent $tCO_2$). Thus, accounting tree carbon credits of total forested lands of Bangladesh, there might be a lump sum value of $1.89{\times}10^{10}-3.79{\times}10^{10}$ USD. If soil carbon is added, this amount would jump. Alternatively, there are two times higher spaces as marginal lands than this for starting carbon forestry. However, carbon forestry concept is still a theoretical conception unless otherwise their challenges are addressed and solved. Despite of this, forests of Bangladesh might be the key showcase for conserving biodiversity in association with carbon capture. Protected areas in Bangladesh are of government wealth, however, degraded and denuded waste and marginal lands might be the best fit for establishing carbon forests.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.25-42
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• 2022

The modern arbitration practice recognises the need for a faster and simplified procedural framework for international disputes with fairly low amounts at stake. This has driven several institutions to expand their offer of procedural guidelines with a simplified set of rules that would fit this purpose. Expedited arbitration is increasingly used by parties and is growing in popularity. The basic idea behind establishing expedited arbitration rules is to create the possibility for the parties to a dispute to agree on a simplified and streamlined procedure and to have an arbitration award issued within a short period. The associated cost savings for the parties is another benefit. The importance of developing rules for expedited dispute resolution has recently also been considered by the UNCITRAL Working Group II, in light of the "increasing demand to resolve simple, low-value cases by arbitration" and "the lack of international mechanisms cope with such disputes." As a result, the UNCITRAL 2021 Expedited Arbitration Rules (UNCITRAL EAR) took effect on September 19, 2021. The EAR was adopted by the Commission on 21 July 2021 and, next to UNCITRAL's well-known instruments like the Arbitration Rules (UAR) and the Model Law, represent another chapter in the Commission's impactful work in the field of international arbitration. Overall, the UNCITRAL EAR has great potential to meet the need for more flexible and efficient arbitration proceedings, primarily because they provide the tribunal with strong managerial powers while still leaving room for consultation with the parties. However, parties must remember that not all disputes may be suitable for expedited arbitration, and disputes that are complex or have the possibility of being joint or consolidated may not benefit from simplified procedures and tight deadlines. This article will outline the core features and characteristics of the UNCITRAL EAR.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.60-74
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• 2015

본 연구는 호텔기업의 조리종사원에 대한 내부마케팅이 직무만족과 조직몰입에 미치는 인과관계를 규명하여 호텔기업 경영자들에게 조리종사원 인적자원관리에 도움이 되는 시사점을 제공하고자 한다. 이에 내부마케팅과 직무만족, 그리고 조직몰입과의 인과관계 검증을 위한 두 개의 가설을 설정하였으며, 통계 프로그램 SPSS 18.0과 AMOS 18.0을 이용하여 그 관계를 규명하였다. 빈도분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 확인적 요인분석 및 신뢰도분석, 상관관계분석, 구조방정식 모형(SME : structure equation model)을 시행하였다. 분석결과, 확인적 요인 분석(CFA : Confirmatory Fact Analysis)을 실시한 결과, 모형에 대한 접합도의 검정결과, ${\chi}^2=227.154$(df=179), p-value=0.009, CMIN/DF=1.269, RMR=0.013, GFI=0.931, AGFI=0.911, NFI=0.906, CFI=0.978, RMSEA=0.031를 나타내어서 적합도는 양호한 것으로 판단되었다. 잠재요인 타당성 검정을 위한 평균분산추출값(AVE: Average Variance Extracted)은 .450~.577를 나타내어서 집중타당성 기준에 미치지 못한 값으로 분석되었다. 그리고 합성신뢰도(CCR: Composite Construct Reliability)는 .919~.956을 나타내어서 집중타당도는 있는 것으로 판명되었다. 최종이론의 접합도지수는 ${\chi}^2=238.910$(df=182) p-value=0.003 CMIN/DF=1.313, RMR=0.017, GFI=0.974, AGFI=0.909, NFI=0.900, CFI=0.974, RMSEA=0.033을 나타내어서 접합도는 양호한 것으로 판단된다. 요인분석 결과, 내부마케팅은 세 개의 하부요인(복리후생, 교육훈련, 업무의 자율성)으로 분류되었으며, 가설검정 결과 내부마케팅의 하위요인 중 복리후생(t-value 3.311, p<0.001)과 업무의 자율성(t-value 2.421, p<0.05)이 직무만족에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 복리후생이 직무만족에 상대적으로 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 교육훈련은 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 나타내지 않았음으로서 내부마케팅은 직무만족도에 정(+)의 영향을 미친다는 가설은 부분채택 되었다. 또한, 통계적으로 직무만족은 조직몰입에 유의한 정(+)의 영향(t-value 5.657, p<0.001)을 미친는 것으로 나타나, 두 번째 가설은 채택되었다.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.27-50
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• 2011

본 연구는 현재 업계에서 진행하고 있는 다양한 형태의 제휴 프로모션 현황을 분석하여 제휴 프로모션 수단의 개념을 정의하고, 심층면접법을 통해 제휴 프로모션에 대한 소비자의 인식을 확인하고자 하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 사례분석을 통해 제휴 프로모션 수단을 제휴 가격할인, 제휴 쿠폰, 제휴 회원제도, 제휴 콘테스트, 제휴 경품, 제휴 프리미엄(유·무형), 제휴 지불조건, 제휴 샘플, 제휴 이벤트(문화이벤트, 자선이벤트, 체험이벤트), 제휴 리펀드 리베이트로 체계화 시키고, 각 수단에 대한 개념을 정의함으로써 기존의 판촉수단과 제휴 프로모션 수단의 개념을 구분하고자 하였다. 둘째, 제휴 프로모션에 대한 소비자의 인식을 조사하고, 수집된 자료를 분석하기 위해 Nvivo 8을 이용하여 확보된 질적 자료를 처리하였다. 분석결과, 제휴 프로모션에 대한 소비자의 인식은 크게 '선호하는 제휴 프로모션의 특성', '제휴 프로모션의 기대혜택', '제휴 프로모션의 위험요소' 측면의 총 세 가지 주요 범주로 나누어졌다. 특히, 세 가지 범주 중에서 선호하는 제휴 프로모션의 특성 범주에 속하는 제휴 프로모션과 자아추구혜택 적합성이라는 요인이 도출된 것은 매우 흥미로운 결과이다. 본 연구의 시사점은 기존 연구에서 기업간 전략적 제휴의 제한적 영역에서만 다루어졌던 제휴프로모션에 관한 연구를 소비자 관점으로 확대하여 그 연구의 범위를 확장하고, 이와 같은 연구결과를 기반으로 제휴 프로모션의 유형을 구분하기 위한 향후 연구의 초석을 마련하였다는 점에 있다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2014

Purpose - The postponement strategy, which delays the form, place, and production of products as late as possible, has been widely considered as a competitive supply chain management scheme in an era of mass customization and modular manufacturing. An interesting business phenomenon is that not all manufacturing/logistics firms choose the postponement strategy. Given that postponement is a counter-measure to speculation, which has some advantages under certain environments, the current imprudent inclination toward the postponement strategy may cause firms to lose the potential of the speculation strategy, an alternative strategy in supply chain management. Building on the logistics and manufacturing literature, this study examines characteristics of two contrasting strategies, postponement and speculation, and major factors favoring each strategy. Research design, data, and methodology - We apply the profiling approach to two business cases, HP printer and LG mobile phone. The profiling approach is a method of choosing a particular strategy aligned with environmental factors. While various approaches have been used to check the fit between a business strategy and environmental factors, the literature on manufacturing strategy and logistics has commonly adopted the profiling approach. Major factors used in profiling variables are derived from the literature. Two samples, HP printer and LG mobile phone, are selected, because they represent major characteristics appropriate for each strategy. The profiling is based on data from semi-organized interviews with managers. Results - The profiling approach shows that the postponement strategy is a suitable one for HP printers. Most factors, such as product life cycle, large production volume, low-price, product value, and monetary density, support delaying end products until as late as possible. Despite some exceptions, such as delivery time and economy of scale, our analysis states that the overall profile of HP printer is favorable for the postponement strategy. On the other hand, LG mobile phone may adapt the speculation strategy. Although it has large production volume and low delivery frequency, most characteristics support the speculation strategy for this product. An interesting finding is that, despite common perception that advanced technology products such as mobile telephones favor the postponement strategy, profiling proposes the speculation strategy for this product. Conclusions - Our analysis shows that speculation is not the universal option for supply chain management, and that, when choosing a specific strategy, one should consider many factors simultaneously. A major implication of our work is to emphasize the role of environmental factors such as supply chain variables in choosing an inventory strategy, and the importance of fit rather than solely strategic orientation. A theoretical contribution is to demonstrate the benefit of the simultaneous consideration of business variables in choosing specific strategies. For practitioners, our work leads us to consider the existence and the potential of speculation as a counter-measure to postponement. In addition, the comprehensive framework in this research may be instantly used in examining a practical strategy.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2004년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1889-1891
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• 2004

The differential white blood cell count plays an important role in the diagnosis of different diseases. It is a tedious task to count these classes of cell manually. An automatic counter using computer vision helps to perform this medical test rapidly and accurately. Most commercial-available automatic white blood cell analysis composed mainly 3 steps including segmentation, feature extraction and classification. In this paper we concentrate on the first step in automatic white-blood-cell analysis by proposing a segmentation scheme that utilizes a benefit of active contour. Specifically, the binary image is obtained by thresolding of the input blood smear image. The initial shape of active is then placed roughly inside the white blood cell and allowed to grow to fit the shape of individual white blood cell. The white blood cell is then separated using the extracted contour. The force that drives the active contour is the combination of gradient vector flow force and balloon force. Our purposed technique can handle very promising to separate the remaining red blood cells.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2005

Objective: The purpose of this study was to access quality of life and evaluate pre and post surgery management for persons with lower limb amputations. Method: This study was designed as a telephone survey. The subjects were patients who underwent their lower limb amputation between January 1994, and February 2005 at Asan Medical Center in seoul. sixty one of 203 subjects had granted consent and were studied. Results: The major cause of below knee amputations was vascular disease. Traumatic injuries were more common among subjects with above knee amputations. 93.4% of subjects were in use of prosthesis and 70.1 days were required to fit the prosthesis. 68.4% of subjects were able to ambulate with single point cane or without assistive devices. 80.3% of subjects complained phantom pain. Most subjects expressed the unsatisfactory result regarding the functional usage of prosthesis and education from hospital. Conclusion: Pre and post surgery rehabilitation program will benefit to promote better functional status and quality of life for persons with lower limb amputations.

• Fashion, Industry and Education
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2016

This study investigated the comparative advantages of the Bangladeshi and Vietnamese apparel industries using Global Value Chain (GVC) framework. In this study, the GVC framework was expanded to include social and environmental sustainability issues. Secondary data, for the 2012 - 2013 period, were collected and analyzed for each component of the apparel GVC. The findings indicated that while both countries have unique comparative advantages, Vietnam clearly emerged as a leader on many GVC components. Bangladesh's comparative advantage lies in lower wages, producing high volume orders, and lean manufacturing. In spite of Vietnam's higher labor costs, it has comparative advantages in higher productivity, skilled and trained workers, manufacturing of intricate styles of high quality, agility and flexible manufacturing, more developed infrastructure and logistic services as well as greater social and environmental compliances. This study contributes towards insight into best sourcing fit for fashion brand business models. Based on the findings, fashion driven companies offering more complex styles at a faster rate will benefit from choosing Vietnam. In contrast, Bangladesh might be a better choice for high volume driven companies that offer basic apparel and better value for their consumers. From theoretical perspective, the research makes an important contribution by expanding the GVC framework.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.16-24
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• 2017

Locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) is composed of heterogeneous subgroups that require a multidisciplinary team approach in order to ensure optimal therapy for each patient. Since 2010, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network has recommended chemoradiation therapy (CRT) for bulky mediastinal disease and surgical combination for those patients with single-station N2 involvement who respond to neoadjuvant therapy. According to lung cancer tumor boards, thoracic surgeons make a decision on the resectability of the tumor, if it is determined to be unresectable, concurrent CRT (CCRT) is considered the next choice. However, the survival benefit of CCRT over sequential CRT or radiotherapy alone carries the risk of additional toxicity. Considering severe adverse events that may lead to death, fit patients who are able to tolerate CCRT must be identified by multidisciplinary tumor board. Decelerated approaches, such as sequential CRT or high-dose radiation alone may be a valuable alternative for patients who are not eligible for CCRT. As a new treatment strategy, investigators are interested in the application of the innovative radiation techniques, trimodality therapy combining surgery after high-dose definitive CCRT, and the combination of radiation with targeted or immunotherapy agents. The updated results and on-going studies are thoroughly reviewed in this article.