• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.350-355
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• 2005

광섬유 OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometry) 센서로 사회 기반 구조물의 변위를 측정하기 위한 탐촉자를 개발하였다. 광섬유 OTDR 변위 센서의 외부에서 주어지는 변위에 따라 광손실을 일으키는 굽힘부와 상용 광섬유 커넥터로 구성되었다. 이렇게 구성된 탐촉자는 광커넥터의 양끝에서 반사되는 빛의 신호차이가 커넥터들 사이에서 발생하는 굽힘 변위에 의해서 달라지는 것을 OTDR 센서 본체로 측정하여 변위 변화를 알아낼 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 수 cm의 변위를 일으키는 구조물의 변위를 측정하기 위하여 동일한 단일모드 광섬유에서 이 센서 탐촉자 5개를 직렬형으로 배열하여 사용할 수 있는 다중화된 굽힘 손실형 단일모드 광섬유 변위센서를 제안하고, 이 센서 탐촉자들을 사용하여 다중화 실험을 수행하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.144-149
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• 2015

This study aims to quantitatively evaluate failure pressure of wall-thinned elbow under combined load along with internal pressure, by conducting real-scale burst test and finite element analysis together. For quantitative evaluation, failure pressure data was extracted from the real-scale burst test first, and then finite element analysis was carried out to compare with the test result. For the test, the wall-thinning defect of the extrados or intrados inside the center of 90-degree elbow was considered and the loading modes to open or close the specimen maintaining a certain load or displacement were applied. Internal pressure was applied until failure occurred. As a result, when the bending load was applied under the load control condition, the intrados of the defect was more affected by failure pressure than the extrados, and the opening mode was more vulnerable to failure pressure than the closing mode. When the bending load was applied under the displacement control, it was hardly affected by failure pressure though it was slightly different from the defect position. The result of the finite element analysis showed a similar aspect with the test. Moreover, when major factors such as material properties and pipeline thickness were calibrated to accurate values, the analytical results was more similar to the test results.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.65-73
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• 1987

본(本) 연구(硏究)에서는 면내(面內) 고차(高次) 수평변위(水平變位)를 고려(考慮)한 6절점(節點) 21자유도(自由度)를 갖는 판(板) 유한요소(有限要素)를 Galerkin 가중잔차법(加重殘差法)으로 3차원(次元) 연속체(連續體)로부터 유도(誘導)하고 있다. 요소(要素)의 강성행렬(剛性行列)과 질량행렬(質量行列)은 판의(板) 운동방정식(運動方程式)을 이산화(離散化)(discretization)하여 ($3{\times}3$) Gauss 적분점(積分點)을 이용(利用)한 감차(減次) 적분(積分)을 수행(遂行)하여 구하였다. 본(本) 고차(高次) 판(板) 유한요소(有限要素)의 정확도(正確度)와 효율성(効率性)을 고찰(考察)하기 위하여 여러가지 경계조건(境界條件)을 갖는 정사각형(正四角形) 판(板)의 처짐해석(解析)을 수행(遂行)한 결과(結果), 판(板)의 두께에 관계없이 월등(越等)한 정확도(正確度)를 나타내었다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2013

In this study, the effect of reducing cement by proportional addition of waste powder rubber on the performance of concrete under impact three-point bending loading were investigated experimentally and numerically. Concrete specimens were prepared by adding 5%, 10% and 20 % of rubber powder as filler to the mix and decreasing the same percentage of cement. For each case, three beams of $50mm{\times}100mm{\times}500mm$ were loaded to failure in a drop-weight impact machine by subjecting them to 20 N weight from 300mm height, while another three similar beams were tested under static load. The bending load-displacement behavior was analyzed for the plain and rubberized specimens, under static and impact loads. A three dimensional finite-element method simulation was also performed by using LUSAS V.14 in order to study the impact load-displacement behavior, and the predictions were validated with the experimental results. It was observed that, despite decreasing the cement content, the proportional addition of powder rubber until 10% could yield enhancements in impact tup, inertial load and bending load.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.221-241
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• 2007

Based on the experiment results, the damage and fracture behavior of concrete at the ages of 1d, 2d, 7d and 28d, in three-point bending and uniaxial tensile tests, were simulated with a finite element program, ABAQUS. The critical stress intensity factor $K_{IC}^s$ and the critical crack tip opening displacement ($CTOD_C$) of concrete were calculated with effective-elastic crack approach for the three-point bending test of grade C30 concrete. Based on the crack band model, a bilinear strain-softening curve was derived to simulate the LOAD-CMOD curves and LOAD-Displacement curves. In numerical analysis of the uniaxial tension test of concrete of grade C40, the damage and fracture mechanics were combined. The smeared cracking model coupling with damaged variable was adopted to evaluate the onset and development of microcracking of uniaxial tensile specimen. The uniaxial tension test was simulated by invoking the damage plastic model which took both damage and plasticity as inner variables with user subroutines. All the numerical simulated results show good agreement with the experimental results.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1873-1880
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• 2001

The effects of restraint of pressure induced bending(PIB) on crack opening for circumferential through-wall crack in a pipe were investigated. In this study, the elastic and elastic-plastic finite element analyses were performed to evaluate crack opening displacement(COD) for various restraint conditions and crack size. The results showed the restraint of PIB decreased crack opening for a given crack size and tensile stress, and the decrease in crack opening was considerable for large crack and short restraint length. A1so, the effect was more significant in tole results of elastic-plastic analysis compared with in the elastic analysis results. In the elastic-plastic analysis results, tole restraint effect was increased with increasing applied tensile stress corresponding to internal pressure. Additionally, the restraint effect on COD was independent on the variation in pipe diameter and decreased with increasing pipe thickness, and It depended on not total restraint length but shorter restraint length for non-symmetrically restrained.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.371-388
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• 2018

In this paper, a new model based on nonlocal high order theory is proposed to study the size effect on the bending of nano-sandwich beams with a compliance core. In this model, in contrast to most of the available sandwich theories, no prior assumptions are made with respect to the displacement field in the core. Herein the displacement and the stress fields of the core are obtained through an elasticity solution. Equations of motion and boundary conditions for nano-sandwich beam are derived by using Hamilton's principle and an analytical solution is presented for simply supported nano-sandwich beam. The results are validated with previous studies in the literature. These results can be utilized in the study of nano-sensors and nano-actuators. The effect of nonlocal parameter, Young's modulus of the core and aspect ratio on the deflection of the nano-sandwich beam is investigated. It is concluded that by including the small-scale effects, the deflection of the skins is increased and by increasing the nonlocal parameter, the influence of small-scale effects on the deflections is increased.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.1001-1014
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• 2015

Bending analysis of functionally graded (FG) nano-plates is investigated in the present work based on a new sinusoidal shear deformation theory. The theory accounts for sinusoidal distribution of transverse shear stress, and satisfies the free transverse shear stress conditions on the top and bottom surfaces of the plate without using shear correction factor. The material properties of nano-plate are assumed to vary according to power law distribution of the volume fraction of the constituents. The size effects are considered based on Eringen's nonlocal theory. Governing equations are derived using energy method and Hamilton's principle. The closed-form solutions of simply supported nano-plates are obtained and the results are compared with those of first-order shear deformation theory and higher-order shear deformation theory. The effects of different parameters such as nano-plate length and thickness, elastic foundation, orientation of foundation orthtotropy direction and nonlocal parameters are shown in dimensionless displacement of system. It can be found that with increasing nonlocal parameter, the dimensionless displacement of nano-plate increases.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2000

Using conventional textile techniques such as weaving braiding knitting and stitching it is possible to produce a wide range two and three dimensional fiber preforms, however so far only a limited attention has been given to knitted fabrics in composite industry. This is mainly due to the opinion that knitted fabric reinforced composites posses low mechanical properties owing to their looped fiber architecture. But it is possible to obtain desired mechanical properties by selecting proper knitted fabric structure, In this paper mechanical characteristics of kevlar plain weft knitted fabrics reinforced plastics(KFRP) are evaluated for th development of intrusion beam of car side door. Tensile bending impact properties of KFRP are measured experimentally and crush demands of Americal Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No.214(FMVSS 214) compared with the bending load and displacement of KFRP by quasi-static test method. The applicability and limitation of bending load and displacement of KFRP according to specimen size has been discussed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제71권5호
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• pp.469-483
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• 2019

In this paper, an improved mathematical model is presented for the bending analysis of doubly curved functionally graded material (FGM) sandwich rhombic conoids. The mathematical model includes expansion of Taylor's series up to the third degree in thickness coordinate and normal curvatures in in-plane displacement fields. The condition of zero-transverse shear strain at upper and lower surface of rhombic conoids is implemented in the present model. The newly introduced feature in the present mathematical model is the simultaneous inclusion of normal curvatures in deformation field and twist curvature in strain-displacement equations. This unique introduction permits the new 2D mathematical model to solve problems of moderately thick and deep doubly curved FGM sandwich rhombic conoids. The distinguishing feature of present shell from the other shells is that maximum transverse deflection does not occur at its center. The proposed new mathematical model is implemented in finite element code written in FORTRAN. The obtained numerical results are compared with the results available in the literature. Once validated, the current model was employed to solve numerous bending problems by varying different parameters like volume fraction indices, skew angles, boundary conditions, thickness scheme, and several geometric parameters.