• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.121-136
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• 2011

A bench-scale test has recently been proposed as a predictive tool to minimize the scope of pilot-scale testing or to optimize the operation of full-scale membrane filtration systems. Consequently, a bench-scale testing unit was developed for this purpose and systematically evaluated in this study. This unit was capable of accommodating commercially available, low pressure, hollow fiber (LPHF) membranes with various configurations for testing under conditions comparable to real-world applications. Reproducibility of this unit in assessing membrane fouling and microbial removal efficiency of LPHF membranes was tested and statistically comparable results were obtained. This unit serves as a useful apparatus for academic researchers and utilities to evaluate the performance of LPHF membranes used for water treatment.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.786-791
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• 2006

Three solvent extraction techniques were used to recover waxy tractions from grain sorghum kernels. Yield and chemical composition of the waxy tractions obtained by reflux, bench scale (recirculated solvent), and countercurrent extraction methods were compared. Waxy traction yield from countercurrent extraction (0.200%) was significantly greater (p<0.05) than the yields of wax from both reflux (0.184%) and bench-scale (0.179%) methods. The waxy traction extracted using the bench-scale method showed the greatest relative amount of long-chained (primarily C:28 and C:30) alcohols while the countercurrent-extracted wax showed the greatest relative amount of long-chained fatty acids and fatty aldehydes. Countercurrent extraction removed a higher additive percentage of fatty aldehydes, acids, and alcohols than reflux or bench-scale extraction method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.777-780
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• 2005

The bench of cut-slope is necessary to stabilizing. But it is possible to be a weak zone in slope. When a small scale failure is occurred in a bench, it influence a large scale failure of slope. So when it is found out any unstable factor, weathering of rock, a direction of joint in a bench, if the bench is reinforced suitably, the holly failure is prevented in cut-slope

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.139-151
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• 2011

The sulfur-iodine (SI) thermochemical water splitting cycle is one of promising hydrogen production methods from water using high-temperature heat generated from a high temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor (HTGR). The SI cycle consists of three main units, such as Bunsen reaction, HI decomposition, and $H_2SO_4$ decomposition. The feasibility of continuous operation of a series of subunits for $H_2SO_4$ decomposition was investigated with a bench-scale facility working at ambient pressure. It showed stable and reproducible $H_2SO_4$ decomposition by steadily producing $SO_2$ and $O_2$ corresponding to a capacity of 1 mol/h $H_2$ for 24 hrs.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.110.1-110.1
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• 2010

A bench scale slurry bubble column reactor (SBCR) with active-Fe based catalyst was developed for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) reaction. Considering the highly exothermic reaction heat generated in the bench scale SBCR, an effective cooling system was devised consisting of a U-type dip tube submerged in the reactor. Also, the physical and chemical properties of the catalyst were controlled so as to achieve high activity for the CO conversion and liquid oil ($C_{5+}$) production. Firstly, the FTS performance of the FeCuK/$SiO_2$ catalyst in the SBCR under reaction conditions of $265^{\circ}C$, 2.5 MPa, and $H_2/CO=1$ was investigated. The CO conversion and liquid oil ($C_{5+}$) productivity in the reaction were 88.6% and 0.226 $g/g_{cat}-h$, respectively, corresponding to a liquid oil ($C_{5+}$) production rate of 0.03 bbl/day. To investigate the FTS reaction behavior in the bench scale SBCR, the effects of the space velocity and superficial velocity of the synthesis gas and reaction temperature were also studied. The liquid oil production rate increased upto 0.057 bbl/day with increasing space velocity from 2.61 to 3.92 $SL/h-g_{Fe}$ and it was confirmed that the SBCR bench system developed in this research precisely simulated the FTS reaction behavior reported in the small scale slurry reactor.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.63-68
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• 2001

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.687-690
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 가스 하이드레이트 형성과정에서 발생할 수 있는 유도지체시간을 줄이고 전체 가스 저장량과 반응 속도의 향상을 위하여 이류체 분사 방식을 이용하여 물분자의 액적을 최소화하는 실험을 통하여, 미세액적 분사에 따른 하이드레이트 형성 시간을 확인하였으며, 반응기 내부의 온도 변화를 확인하여 반응기 내부의 하이드레이트 형성 거동을 확인하고 이를 통하여 상용화를 위한 반응기 설계의 기초 자료로 활용하고자 하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.923-929
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• 2012

Optimization of culture conditions for L-asparaginase production by submerged fermentation of Aspergillus terreus MTCC 1782 was studied using a 3-level central composite design of response surface methodology and artificial neural network linked genetic algorithm. The artificial neural network linked genetic algorithm was found to be more efficient than response surface methodology. The experimental $_L$-asparaginase activity of 43.29 IU/ml was obtained at the optimum culture conditions of temperature $35^{\circ}C$, initial pH 6.3, inoculum size 1% (v/v), agitation rate 140 rpm, and incubation time 58.5 h of the artificial neural network linked genetic algorithm, which was close to the predicted activity of 44.38 IU/ml. Characteristics of $_L$-asparaginase production by A. terreus MTCC 1782 were studied in a 3 L bench-scale bioreactor.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.53-59
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• 2018

Water pollution is drastically increasing day by day, because of the enhancement in use of livestock, urban sewage detergents and fertilizers. Moreover increase in concentration of phosphorous and nitrogen contained in sewage, leads to green tide problem in the rivers and causes marine pollution. For this problem to solve, several technologies are being researched and developed. Among them, this experiment is a study on Bench-scale STP based on internationally certified sewage treatment equipment by MEPC. 227(64) of IMO. The purpose of this study is to compare the biological treatment efficiency of phosphorus of Bench-scale STP. The ratio of C : N : P was set to 10 : 5 : 3 and 10 : 3 : 1 as the operating conditions. And the operation cycle was set to anoxic(mixed) 70 min - aeration 50 min (70-50), anoxic(mixed) 90 min - aeration 60 min (90-60). As a result, the phosphorous treatment efficiency was 88% at average, and the treatment efficiency was steady at 90-60 better than 70-50. The efficiency of the bench-scale STP has been verified through this experiment and additional experiments are required to derive the optimal operating conditions.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 1997

The variations of gas hold-up, overall volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficients and liquid circulation velocity in an internal loop reactor were investigated to manifest scale-up effect. The relationship between superficial gas velocity and gas hold-up were found as Ugr = 0.045 $\varepsilon$r in the pilot-scale and Ugr = 0.056 $\varepsilon$r in the bench-scale reactor. The overall volumetric oxygen mass tractsfer coefficient, KLa was slightly increased in the pilot-scale than in the bench-scale reactor. Flow regime was changed from the bubble flow to the churn-turbulent flow when the superficial gas velocity reached to 3.5 - 4 cm/sec in the pilot-scale.