• Title/Summary/Keyword: Behaviors and Reaction

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Lactic Acid Bacterial Fermentation Increases the Antiallergic Effects of Ixeris dentata

  • Park, Eun-Kyung;Sung, Jin-Hee;Trinh, Hien-Trung;Bae, Eun-Ah;Yun, Hyung-Kwon;Hong, Seong-Sig;Kim, Dong-Hyun
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.308-313
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    • 2008
  • Ixeris dentata (ID, family Asteraceae), called Seumbakuy in Korea, was fermented with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their antiallergic activities were investigated. Fermentation of ID with Bifidobacterium breve or Lactobacillus acidophilus increased its inhibition of degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells induced by the IgE-antigen complex. Oral administration of these extracts to mice inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction induced by the IgE-antigen complex and scratching behaviors induced by compound 48/80. The fermented ID more potently inhibited the PCA reaction and scratching behaviors than the non-fermented one. These extracts also inhibited mRNA expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-4, as well as NF-${\kappa}B$ activation in RBL-2H3 cells induced by the IgE-antigen complex. These findings suggest that LAB fermentation improves ID-mediated inhibition of IgE-induced allergic diseases such as rhinitis and asthma, and that ID works by inhibiting degranulation and NF-${\kappa}B$ activation in mast cells and basophils.

Effect of selection for anthocyanin contents of black colored rice on anti-allergic activity

  • Han, Sang Jun
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.40 no.1
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    • pp.22-25
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    • 2008
  • The anti-allergic effect of C3GHi rice breeded from the cross of 'Heugjinjubyeo' and 'Suwon 415' was investigated. Antiscratching behavioral effects of the water extract of C3GHi was higher than Heugjinjubyeo. Orally administered BCRs' extracts exhibited potent inhibitory activity against scratching behaviors which were induced by compound 48/80. The inhibitory effect of C3GHi against the passive cutaneous reaction was more potent than that of Heugjinjubyeo. These finding suggest that black colored rice, especially C3GHi, may inhibit scratching behaviors and passive cutaneous reaction, and its anti-allergic activities were increased by means of selecting high C3G rice seeds.

Electrochemical Behaviors of 4-(2-thiazolylazo)-resorcinol in Acetonitrile

  • Bae, Zun-Ung;Lee, Heung-Lark;Seo, Moo-Lyung
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.258-261
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    • 1989
  • The electrochemical behaviors of 4-(2)-thiazolylazo)-resorcinol (TAR) in acetonitrile solution was studied by DC polarography, cyclic voltammetry, controlled-potential coulometry and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The electrochemical reduction of TAR occurs in four-one electron reduction steps in acetonitrile solution. The products of the first and the third electron transfer are speculated to be a relatively stable anion radical. The second electron transfer to the dianion is followed by a chemical reaction producing a protonated species. The product of the fourth electron transfer also produces the corresponding amine compounds with a following reaction. Also every reduction wave was diffusion controlled. The first reduction wave is considerably reversible and the other waves are less reversible.

Lactic Acid Bacteria Increase Antiallergic Effect of Artemisia princeps Pampanini SS-1

  • Lee, Seung-Hoon;Shin, Yong-Wook;Bae, Eun-Ah;Lee, Bo-Mi;Min, Sung-Won;Baek, Nam-In;Chung, Hae-Gon;Kim, Nam-Jae;Kim, Dong-Hyun
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • v.29 no.9
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    • pp.752-756
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    • 2006
  • Artemisia princeps Pampanini, which is called Ssajuarissuk in Korean (SS-1), was fermented with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction-inhibitory activity was investigated. Of these fermented agents, SS-1 extract fermented with Bifidobacterium infantis K-525 (F-SS-1) most effectively inhibited the release of ${\beta}$-hexosamindase from RBL-2H3 cells induced IgE. In IgE-induced RBL-2H3 cells, F-SS-1 inhibited proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA expression. Oral administration of SS-1 and F-SS-1 to mice inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction induced by IgE and scratching behaviors induced by compound 48/80. The inhibitory activity of F-SS-1 against scratching behaviors was more effective than that of SS-1. These findings suggest that the fermentation of SS-1 with LAB can increase its antiallergic activity.

Effects of Oxygen on the Photochemical Behaviors of Methacrylic Homopolymer Containing Anthracene Groups

  • Kim, Yong-Woon;Chae, Kyu-Ho
    • Journal of Photoscience
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.57-63
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    • 2002
  • A homopolymer containing anthracene groups, poly[6-(9-anthryloxy)hexyl methacrylate] (PAn) was prepared and the effect of oxygen on its photochemical reaction was studied by UV and IR absorption spectroscopy in order to understand its photochemical behavior. Photochemical reaction of the PAn in THF solution under an atmosphere of air resulted in the formation of endoperoxide at the beginning stage of reaction followed by photodimerization reaction after all the oxygen was consumed, whereas photodimerization and endoperoxide formation took place concomitantly in the film state. The photoreversible reaction of the anthracene photodimer groups in the polymer by photolysis with 254 nm UV light was not efficient. The IR absorption spectral changes of the PAn film upon irradiation indicate that various photooxidation products were produced in the atmosphere of air.

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A Study on the Curing Properties of Kevlar/Epoxy Prepreg (케블라/에폭시 프리프레그의 경화특성에 관한 연구)

  • 제갈영순;이원철;권오혁;윤남균;임길수;안종기;박경준
    • Composites Research
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2001
  • The studies on the formulation and curing behaviors of Kevlar/Epoxy prepreg for NOSE CONE of aircraft were presented in this paper. Dielectrometer and differential scanning calorimeter were used in order to check the curing behaviors. This prepreg showed the lowest ionic viscosity around $120^{\circ}C$, and then the ionic viscosity was gradually increased up to $200^{\circ}C$. This indicated that the curing reaction of this prepreg started at $120^{\circ}C$ and the molecular weight was increased by the accelerated thermal cross-linking reaction. The loss factor and tan $\delta$ values were also measured and discussed. The loss factor behaviors of Kevlar/Epoxy prepreg, which is related to the fluidity of matrix, were fecund to be similar with that of ionic viscosity. The thermal reaction properties of this prepreg were also studied by differential scanning calorimeter.

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Emotional Behavior Decision Method and Its Experiments of Generality for Applying to Various Social Robot Systems (목적과 사양이 다른 다양한 인간 친화 로봇에 적용하기 위한 감성 행동 생성 방법 및 범용성 실험)

  • Ahn, Ho-Seok;Choi, Jin-Young;Lee, Dong-Wook
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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    • v.48 no.4
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    • pp.54-62
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    • 2011
  • Emotional reaction should be different from the purpose of the robot system. The method for emotional reaction is also different from the specification of the robot system. Therefore, emotional behavior decision model, which is applied to social robots regardless of specifications and purposes, is necessary. This paper introduces a universal emotional behavior decision model designed for applying to various social robots that have different specifications and purposes. Multiple emotions, a set of probability value of every emotion, are calculated independently and expressed according to the purpose of the robot system. Then, behavior, for emotional reaction according to the calculated multiple emotions, is decided regarding the specification of the robot system. The decided behavior is a combination of unit behaviors that indicates the smallest expressible behaviors in each expression parts. It is possible to express various undefined behaviors by generating unit behavior combinations according to multiple emotions. The universal emotional behavior decision model is applied to three kinds of social robot systems that have different specifications and purposes.

An Analysis of Consumers' Problematic Complaining Behaviors and Firms' Reactions (소비자의 악성불평행동 분석 및 기업의 대처행동 조사 연구)

  • Huh, Kyung-Ok
    • Journal of Families and Better Life
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    • v.30 no.6
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    • pp.167-181
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    • 2012
  • This study analyzed consumer's harsh complaining behaviors and firm's reactions toward consumers' harsh complaining behavior, and investigated the differences in the firms' reactions according to the characteristics of counselors and customer service centers. In addition, this study attempted to find a strategy and provide guidance regarding consumer's harsh complaining behaviors. The results of this study are discussed below. First, consumer's harsh complaining attitudes were expressed by crude language, violent language, threats, personal attacks, and claims of a high-ranking social position. Consumer's directive, complaining behaviors were repeated on the telephone, and threats of prosecution or disclosure to the public, exposure of habitual product returns, and requests for interviews with superiorsat the representative firm were made. Second, a firm typologies according to its reaction style toward a consumer's harsh complaining behaviors were as follows: Group 1, having a neutral attitude toward consumers and preparation thoroughly regarding their demands; Group 2, having a negative attitude toward consumers and some degree of preparation toward consumers' demands; and finally, Group 3, having a positive attitude toward consumers but offering insufficient reparation regarding consumers' demands. Third, female counselors, counselors having a certified counselor's license, and those much experience working in labor work were more likely to be in Group 3. Male counselors, part-time counselors, and those having experience of many years were more likely to be in Group 2. Group 1 were more likely to have large number of workers at customer service centers, male counselors, and to have large numbers of educational training programs related to the reactions of consumers in the form of dissatisfaction, complaints, how to offer compensation for injuries to consumers, and issues related to PL(product liability). In addition, Group 1 also had more firm level welfare policies related to hight stress levels of consumer counselors and extra types of support regarding harsh consumers. However, Group 2 members were more likely to provide excessive compensation and rewards to harsh consumers. Finally, to react to consumer's harsh complaint efficiently, it was suggested that firms should not treat consumers as harsh consumers, should react to consumers' complaints sincerely, and should take precautionary management efforts as regards consumer dissatisfaction based on better quality control of products. In addition, it was deemed necessary to formulate a management strategy to train competent consumer counselors with a high quality of counselor skill, having standardized and consistent reaction guidance toward consumer complaints and thorough knowledge of compensation rules for consumer injuries and subsequent guidance.

A numerical analysis on the extinction of hydrogen-oxygen diffusion flames at high pressure (고압하에서 수소-산소 확산화염의 소염 특성에 관한 수치 해석)

  • Son, Chae-Hun;Kim, Jong-Su;Jeong, Seok-Ho;Lee, Su-Ryong
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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    • v.21 no.9
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    • pp.1174-1184
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    • 1997
  • Extinction characteristics of pure hydrogen-oxygen diffusion flames, at high pressures in the neighborhood of the critical pressure of oxygen, is numerically studied by employing counterflow diffusion flame as a model flame let in turbulent flames in rocket engines. The numerical results show that extinction strain rate increases almost linearly with pressure up to 100 atm, which can be explained by comparison of the chain-branching-reaction rate with the recombination-reaction rate. Since contributions of the chain-branching reactions, two-body reactions, are found to be much greater than those of the recombination reactions, three-body reactions, extinction is controlled by two-body reactions, thereby resulting in the linearity of extinction strain rate to pressure. Therefore, it is found that the chemical kinetic behaviors don't change up to 100 atm. Consideration of the pressure fall-off reactions shows a slight increase in extinction strain rate, but does not modify its linearity to pressure. The reduced kinetic mechanisms, which were verified at low pressures, are found to be still valid at high pressures and show good qualitative agreement in prediction of extinction strain rates. Effect of real gas is negligible on chemical kinetic behaviors of the flames.

A Study on the Ignition Behaviors of Textiles according to Permeation Amount of Oils and Aeration (유지류의 침윤량과 공기주입에 따른 면화류의 발화거동에 관한 연구)

  • 오치훈;이창우;김정환;현성호
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.8-12
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    • 2000
  • We had investigated thermal and ignition behaviors of textiles. Decomposition of textiles with temperature was investigated using a DSC and the weight loss according to temperature using a TGA in order to find the thermal hazard of textiles, and the ignition behaviors of textiles according to species and permeation amount of oil. In addition, ignition behaviors of those permeated into oils indicating different iodine value and of those with arid without air in reaction vessel of measuring equipment were studied with constant temperature method among ignition temperature measuring methods. As results, the range of decomposition temperature of synthetic fiber was slightly broad compared with that of natural fiber, pure cotton. Besides, the initiation temperature of heat generation of both samples riced in the case of no air injection in the reaction vessel. On the other hand, in the case of air injection that was lowered according to the increase in permeative amount of oils and fats and decreased quickly as sample was permeated into drying oil.

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