• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.49-69
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to derive contextual indicators of medical provider quality and assess their relative importance along with the individual utilization of antenatal care (ANC) and institutional births with a skilled birth attendant (SBA) in India using a multilevel framework. Methods: The 2015~2016 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) from India was used to assess the outcomes of neonatal, infant, and under-five child mortality. The final analytic sample included 182,980 children across 28,283 communities, 640 districts, and 36 states and union territories. The contextual indicators of medical provider quality for districts and states were derived from the individual-level number of ANC visits (<4 or ${\geq}4$) and institutional delivery with SBA. A series of random effects logistic regression models were estimated with a stepwise addition of predictor variables. Results: About half of the mothers (47.3%) had attended ${\geq}4$ ANC visits and 75.8% delivered in institutional settings with SBAs. Based on ANC visits, 276~281 districts (43.1~43.9%) and 13~16 states (36.5~44.4%) were classified as "low" quality areas, whereas 268~285 districts (41.9~44.5%) and 8~9 states (22.2~25.0%) were classified as "low" quality areas based on institutional delivery with SBAs. Conditional on a comprehensive set of covariates, the individual use of both ANC and SBA were significantly associated with all mortality outcomes (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.26, and OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.19, respectively, for under-five child mortality) and remained robust even after adjusting for contextual indicators of medical provider quality. Districts and states with low quality were associated with 57~61% and 27~43% higher odds of under-five child mortality, respectively. Conclusion: When simultaneously considered, district- and state-level provider quality mattered more than individual access to care for all mortality outcomes in India. Further investigations are needed to assess the importance of improving the quality of health service delivery at higher levels to prevent unnecessary child deaths in developing countries.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.59-75
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• 2011

This case study examines two drama specialists' perspectives on the purpose of drama education and how their visions and beliefs are reflected in their drama practices during a sixweek kindergarten drama program. Two experienced drama specialists who have worked at public elementary schools located in the Midwestern United States were the main participants of this case study. Using a qualitative case study method, in-depth observations and semistructured interviews were carried out. Findings show that the drama specialists believed the purpose of drama education to be the building of self-confidence, creativity, awareness of the arts and respect for others. Both congruent and inconsistent relations between their beliefs and their teaching practices were observed. Based on these findings, an understanding of how specialists' beliefs and practices contribute to a broader understanding of drama education is further discussed.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.299-308
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• 2012

Objective: This study presents the conceptual framework and the conceptual model to account for user experience by expanding the existing concepts of usability, in particular considering the user-interface environment in digital convergence. Background: To better understand a variety of users interacting with a converged product based on digital technologies, there seems to be a limit to consider the existing concepts of usability. All possible aspects of user's interaction with a product in a context of use need to be taken into consideration. Method: This study identifies the concept of user experience through a comprehensive literature review. Results: First, this study reviews the existing concepts of usability and user experience. And then this study describes four main components in the conceptual framework of user experience: user's internal states, user's external states, a product, and various outcomes, each of which encompasses distinct sub-components. The conceptual model of user experience accounts for how user's internal states change over time and for how different sub-components affect actual behavior of use. Conclusion: It is expected that these user experience concepts can be used in basic resources to better understand different behavioral characteristics of users and to better design interactive products in converged digital environments.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.184-192
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to review the curriculum and license examination of physical therapists in the United States. Methods: The doctor of physical therapy (DPT) curriculum was evaluated by a review Course Work Tool version 6 (CWT6) data and current physical therapy licensure examination (National Physical Therapy Exam, NPTE) category in the United States. Results: The results indicated that they were required to meet the doctor of physical therapist degree based on 'Guide to Physical Therapist Practice' of American Physical Therapy Association (APTA). This includes general education in the areas of communications and humanities, physical science, biological science, social and behavioral science, and mathematics. A minimum of one course must be completed successfully in each area of general education. Moreover, there should be at least 68 didactic credits of professional education and 22 clinical education credits, which is a minimum of two full-time clinical internships with no less than 1050 hours in total, which were supervised by a physical therapist. Regarding the physical therapy licensure examination, National Physical Therapy Exam (NPTE, 2016) consisted of a physical therapy examination (26.5%), evaluation, differential diagnosis, baseline of prognosis (32.5%), intervention (28.5%), protection, responsibility, and research (6.5%) based on the 'Guide to Physical Therapist Practice'. Conclusion: Based on the study results provided above, it is considered a standard to meet domestic reality as the Guide to Physical Therapist Practice of APTA for South Korean physical therapists.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 2002

Research on diet, acculturation, and ethnicity has suggested that immigrants dietary patterns differ from people who do not have immigration experience. The purpose of this paper is to present preliminary descriptive findings concerning consumption of foods that are common in Korean and American diets, by people of Korean descent residing in California. Adults (18 years of age or older, N=1334) of Korean descent who could be reached by listed residential telephone number in California were randomly selected and telephone-interviewed by closely supervised bilingual (Korean-English) interviewers who were specially trained for this task. This study found that dietary patterns of Koreans living in California differed according to age and gender; also, the frequency of consumption of foods differed according to number of years of residence and acculturation. Koreans who reported higher levels of acculturation to American society ate less of traditional Korean foods such as Kimchi and ate significantly more higher-fat foods common in the American diet. Increased acculturation was also related to an increased frequency of alcohol drinking. Older Koreans tended to eat slightly more of traditional foods such as rice, Kimchi, fruits, and fish, compared to younger Koreans. Women tended to eat healthier foods than men, consuming green vegetables, Kimchi, milk, cheese/yogurt, fruits, and bread more frequently. Koreans reporting longer residences in the United States reported a greater consumption of pork, bread, and soda.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1019-1027
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Sustainability has become one of the top priorities in the foodservice industry. With an increase in consumer interest in sustainability and educational opportunities in higher education, it is important to know what sustainable practices are implemented in campus dining and how sustainable practices affect consumers' responses. This study aims to identify the key sustainable practices in the campus dining context, and investigate the relationship by applying the stimulus-organism-response framework to determine whether the key sustainable practices influence consumers' perception and behavioral intentions. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The self-administered online survey was distributed to college students in 8 dining halls at a large southeastern university in the United States from September 20-October 10, 2019. A total of 382 valid questionnaires were collected, and factor analysis and multiple regressions were utilized to test the research model. RESULTS: This study identified 4 dimensions of campus sustainability with a total of sustainable practices: sustainable food, waste management, energy/water conservation, and recycling/reuse. Three dimensions of sustainable campus practices (i.e., sustainable food, waste management, recycling/reuse) played a significant role in consumers forming a perceived value while energy/water conservation did not significantly influence the consumers' perceived value toward the campus dining. Waste management was identified as the most important practice to enhance consumers' perceived value (β = 0.330). Using sustainable food and recycling/reuse were ranked second and third, respectively (β = 0.262, β = 0.154). The findings confirmed the significant positive relationship between perceived value and revisit intentions. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the inclusion of dining sustainability as a critical component in explaining college students' perceived value and revisit intention toward campus dining. Furthermore, this study provides practical implications for university administrators and foodservice operators to consider the key sustainable practices to meet the consumers' value and revisit intentions.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.453-463
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• 2017

This paper discusses the measurement of frequency response functions for various dc-dc converters. The frequency domain identification procedure is applied to the measured frequency responses. The identified transfer functions are primarily used in developing behavioral models for dc-dc converters. Distributed power systems are based upon such converters in cascade, parallel and several other configurations. The system level analysis of a complete system becomes complex when the identified transfer functions are of high order. Therefore, a certain technique needs to be applied for order reduction of the identified transfer functions. During the process of order reduction, it has to be ensured that the system retains the dynamics of the full order system. The technique used here is based on the Hankel singular values of a system. A systematic procedure is given to retain the maximum energy states for the reduced order model. A dynamic analysis is performed for behavioral models based on full and reduced order frequency responses. The close agreement of results validates the effectiveness of the model order reduction. Stability is the key design objective for any system designer. Therefore, the measured frequency responses at the interface of the source and load are also used to predict stability of the system.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.141-152
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• 1987

The book of Sa So Jeol is about the moral training family precepts written by Yi Deok-mu (이덕무, 1739~1793) in the year of king Young Jo 51th in the Yi dynasty. The writer provides us, according to the views of Confucianists, with the principles that both elders and children of that time should abide by in the daily life, dividing the said books into 924 sections, 8 chapters, and 2 volumes. The parts concerned with children are studied in this essay. The brief conclusions are as follows. 1. Children were required to have the mental attitudes of honesty, patience, tolerance and frugality and were instructed to show such attitudes through their behavior. 2. Children were instructed to have the behavioral attitudes of nine aspects, which are the behavioral characteristics of the sages. They were instructed to emulate the personal characters of the sages through being possessed of these nine aspects, which are to be found in healthy and comfortable mental states. 3. Children were instructed to be careful and composed, in their activities. Since prudence is the basic principle of mental and behavioral attitudes, being required of men and women of all ages in a traditional society, it was emphasized from early childhood 4. The aim of instruction was taken to be becoming human, or becoming a virtuous man, rather than merely passing the classical government examamination, and for this aim the moral rules, which can be considered the order of human relations, were taught intensively. 5. As for instructional methods, the children were required to do careful or rough reading according to their abilities, and were instructed to listen to lectures politely, prudently, ardently and honestly. 6. The instructional contents are for the purpose of making children read the classical canons after increasing their perceptive ability in the various things of the sexagenary cycle, the multipicative method, the kings, lineage, and the reign-titles, and the accumulated knowledge of $\ulcorner$Kyung Mong Yo Kyul$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$Seong Hak Jeop Yo$\lrcorner$ and $\ulcorner$Keun Sa Lok$\lrcorner$. Because of the greater emphasis on natural talents rather than on acquired abilities, the children, however, were eudcated only after their despositions were examined. 7. The children were required to have warm-hearted, careful, polite, and prudent attitudes toward their elders, and were instructed to take precauticns against arrogance and impoliteness. Since politeness in particular was considered not only as the ground of decorum but the method of emotional regulation and maintaining composure for confucianists, it can be regarded as the principal ettiquettee demanded in all activities. 8. The main instructional contents are generally moral aspects, concentrating on introspection and virtuous conduct through emotional regulations, rather than on the natural expression of physical and mental states.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.1851-1856
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• 2012

Immigration to a nation with a stronger anti-smoking environment has been hypothesized to make smoking less common. However, little is known about how environments influence risk of smoking across the lifecourse. Research suggested a linear decline in smoking over the lifecourse but these associations, in fact, might not be linear. This study assessed the possible nonlinear associations between age and smoking and examined how these associations differed by environment through comparing Koreans in Seoul, South Korea and Korean Americans in California, United States. Data were drawn from population based telephone surveys of Korean adults in Seoul (N=500) and California (N=2,830) from 2001-2002. Locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (lowess) was used to approximate the association between age and smoking with multivariable spline logistic regressions, including adjustment for confounds used to draw population inferences. Smoking differed across the lifecourse between Korean and Korean American men. The association between age and smoking peaked around 35 years among Korean and Korean American men. From 18 to 35 the probability of smoking was 57% higher (95%CI, 40 to 71) among Korean men versus 8% (95%CI, 3 to 19) higher among Korean American men. A similar difference in age after 35, from 40 to 57 years of age, was associated with a 2% (95%CI, 0 to 10) and 20% (95%CI, 16 to 25) lower probability of smoking among Korean and Korean American men. A nonlinear pattern was also observed among Korean American women. Social role transitions provide plausible explanations for the decline in smoking after 35. Investigators should be mindful of nonlinearities in age when attempting to understand tobacco use.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.443-455
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• 2017

This study is a follow-up study of Smart-phone Application Content Development for the Measurement and Management of Adolescents' Depression(J. S. Park et al., 2016), that designing and implementing a smart-phone application based on cognitive behavioral therapy. This app facilitates analysis of depressive symptoms, and a simple, continuous self-check. Through this, the app will allow for continuous management of the psychological states by avoiding one-off or comprehensive analysis and diagnosis of depression, unlike previous app. We also aim to make a connection to the practical counseling services. To achieve this goal, we examined not only existing studies on youth depression, but also mobile applications related to depression.