• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.34-44
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• 2021

In order to collect basic information of response behavior of red seabream (Pagrus major) during pilling, works for constructing wind power station in Byeonsan Peninsular, Korea were investigated. Four cultured red seabream CRB1 to CRB4 [total length (TL): 27.1 ± 1.0 cm; body weight: 359 ± 30 g] were tagged with an acoustic tag and used in experiment. CRB1 and CRB2 to CBR4 were released on the sea surface at same time around the constructing site of the wind power plant on September 22, 2017 and July 18, 2018, respectively. The tracking of the CRB1 to CRB2 and CRB3 to CRB4 were conducted for two hours, approximately, using VR100 receiver including a directional hydrophone and VR2W receivers array consisted of 19 presence/absence receivers (VR2W receivers), respectively. The underwater noise level before (no pile driving works) and during pile driving works was measured 116.0-118.0 dB (re 1��Pa) and a maximum of 160 dB (re 1��Pa), respectively. CRB1 moved about 6.0 km with average swimming speed of 80.2 ± 20.5 cm/s for 2.1 hours without pile driving work. The average water depth of the sea bed on the route of CRB1 was 9.1 ± 0.4 m. CRB2 moved about 7.3 km with the average swimming speed of 96.8 ± 27.1 cm/s for 2.1 hours with pile driving work. The water depth of the sea bed on the route of CRB2 was 11.9 ± 0.6 m. At results of the Rayleigh's z-test two fishes CRB1 and CRB2 showed significant directionality in the movement (p < 0.01). Movement mean angles of CRB1 and CRB2 were 92.7 and 251.8°, respectively. CRB2, CRB3 and CRB4 exhibited the escaping behavioral response from the noise of source during the pile driving work. The swimming speed of the CRB2 exposed on the heavy underwater noise stimuli due to the pile driving work was 1.21 times faster than that of the CRB1 exposed on the ambient underwater noise in the study site.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.205-216
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• 2022

Background: People with special needs tend to require diverse behavioral management in dentistry. They may feel anxious or uncomfortable or may not respond to any communication with the dentists. Patients with medical, physical, or psychological disorders may not cooperate and therefore require sedation (SED) or general anesthesia (GA) to receive dental treatment. Using the healthcare big data in Korea, this study aimed to analyze the trends of SED and GA in special needs patients undergoing dental treatment. It is believed that these data can be used as reference material for hospitals and for preparation of guidelines and related policy decisions of associations or governments for special needs patients in dentistry. Methods: The study used selected health information data provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Patients with a record of use of one of the eight selected drugs used in dental SED between January 2007 and September 2019, those with International Classification of Diseases-10 codes for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), phobia, brain disease, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, genetic disease, autism, mental disorder, mental retardation, and dementia were selected. The insurance claims data were analyzed for age, sex, sedative use, GA, year, and institution. Results: The number of special needs patients who received dental treatment under SED or GA from January 2007 to September 2019 was 116,623. Number of SED cases was 136,018, performed on 69,265 patients, and the number of GA cases was 56,308, implemented on 47,257 patients. In 2007, 3100 special needs patients received dental treatment under SED while in 2018 the number of cases increased 6 times to 18,528 SED cases. In dentistry, ADHD was the most common disability for SED cases while phobia was the most common cause of disability for GA. The male-to-female ratio with respect to SED cases was higher for males (M : F = 64.36% : 35.64%). Conclusion: The application of the SED method and GA for patients with special needs in dentistry is increasing rapidly; thus, preparing guidelines and reinforcing the education and system are necessary.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.63-76
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• 2022

Consumers of web novels read online reviews in order to decrease uncertainty when purchasing a web novel. This study examines the types of messages (factual or evaluative) that consumers find more useful and verifies the moderating effect of individual analytical decision-making style levels on differences in usefulness evaluation. Based on the tendency to acquire objective information, the usefulness of factual online reviews was expected to be higher in the context of buying experience goods, such as a web novel. Levels of analytical decision-making styles, which were classified based on individual perception, are also expected to affect the usefulness evaluation of reviews. Experiments 1 and 2 were repeatedly conducted to examine whether consumers think factual reviews are more useful than evaluative reviews. In particular, Experiment 2 was conducted to simulate the circumstance of selecting a romance web novel and demonstrated that reviews have a significant effect on messages and decision-making styles. The interaction effect between analytical decision-making style levels and review message types was also confirmed in Experiment 2. The results of this study can help researchers and marketers comprehend the behavioral patterns of web novel readers when evaluating reviews and consuming experience goods.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.161-180
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• 2023

This study empirically analyzed the effect of perceived injustice on service recovery measures proposed by online food delivery service (OFDS) companies on consumer disappointment. This study adopted interaction justice, information justice, procedural justice, and distributive justice as sub-variables of justice perception based on the justice theory. In addition, the differences by generation (MZ generation and other generations) were examined in the relationship between negative word-of-mouth behavior and switching intentions due to service recovery failure. An online survey was conducted targeting 250 adult consumers in the U.S for the empirical analysis of this research model. The results of the data analysis demonstrated that negative perceptions about the procedural justice and distributive justice among the service recovery strategies had a positive effect upon the consumer's disappointment. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the consumer's disappointment due to the perceived injustice of the service recovery strategy had a positive effect on the consumer's negative word-of-mouth behavior and switching intentions. The verification results of the moderation effect in the relationship between negative word-of-mouth behavior and switching intention, it was found that the younger the age(MZ generation), the higher the possibility of causing dysfunctional behavior. This study expands the scope of related research by presenting a new perspective on the justice perception in the service recovery process by verifying dysfunctional behavior of consumers caused due to the failure of the service recovery strategy. It is believed that the results of this study will be used as basic data for the establishment of practical strategies for OFDS companies to prevent double defection of their customers.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.222-235
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• 2022

The Government provides a financial assistance to stimulate firm R&D and innovation activities. Previous papers on the impact of public subsidies on firm R&D investments mainly had a focus on an individual policy tool regardless of potential impacts of other policy instruments. This study addresses this gap by examining the effects of policy mix regarding a subsidy and a tax credit. The empirical analyses from fixed effect model using Survey on Technology of SMEs 2015-2017 revealed valuable points. First, policy mix induces more R&D investment of SMEs, which in turn, shows a complementary relationship between two instruments. Second, even if impact of tax credit controlled, subsidy is positively associated with SMEs R&D investment. These findings justify policy mix interventions to promote SME R&D activity. Moreover, grants can be applied as a more useful policy tool for SMEs that are constrained by resources and capabilities.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.57-104
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• 2022

The government has supported the innovation of private firms by intervening the market for various purposes, such as preventing market failure, alleviating information asymmetry, and allocating resources efficiently. Although the government's R&D budget increased rapidly in the 2000s, it is not clear whether the government intervention has made desirable impact on the market. To address this, the current study attempts to explore this issue by doing a systematic literature review on foreign and domestic papers in an integrated way. In total, 168 studies are analyzed using contents analysis approach and various lens, such as policy additionality, policy tools, firm size, unit of analysis, data and method, are adopted for analysis. Overlapping policy target, time lag between government intervention and policy effects, non-linearity of financial supports, interference between different polices, and out-dated R&D tax incentive system are reported as factors hampering the effect of the government intervention. Many policy prescriptions, such as program evaluation indices reflecting behavioral additionality, an introduction of policy mix and evidence-based policy using machine learning, are suggested to improve these hurdles.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.29-37
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• 2017

Purpose - In recent years, research has been conducted on the conflict resolution strategies of the franchise headquarters and the franchisees, but there is a lack of research on the factors of conflict due to the intrinsic structure, such as interdependence or hierarchical relationship, and behavioral analysis to reduce the conflict. In this study, we analyze the relationship between satisfaction and trust formed in the process and result of the business, and the result of action to dissolution intention. Research design, data, methodology - For these purposes, the author developed the proposed model and several hypotheses. In this model, conflict resolution strategies consist of five dimensions such as avoiding, forcing, cooperating, obliging, and compromising strategy. And, this model proposed that onflict resolution strategies are antecedents of procedure quality, behaviour quality and dissolution intention are consequences of conflict resolution strategies. The data were collected from April 1 to April 15, 2013. Because this study examined franchise industries from the franchisee perspective, we contacted franchisee store owner and managers located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. Interviewers trained contacted a total of 483 franchisees, and 400 franchisees responded. Out of 400 respondents, 2 respondents were deleted due to missing information. Thus, a total of 398 franchisee were used for this study. he data were analyzed using frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equational modeling with SPSS 24.0 and Amos 23.0 statistical program. Results - The findings can be summarized as follows: First, franchisor conflict resolution activities have significant effects on procedure quality. Second, procedure quality has a significant effect on behavior quality. Finally, behavior quality has a significant effect on dissolution intention. Conclusions - In this study, we investigated the relationship between conflict resolution behavior, procedural quality, behavior quality and dissolution intention. As a result, the franchisers should strive to resolve conflicts not only in solving simple problems with franchisees, but also in a longer term perspective. We also found that the procedural aspects of resolving conflicts should not be ignored. If the trust and satisfaction of each other increase during the process of resolving the conflict, it will positively affect the satisfaction and trust in resolving the conflict. This is also because it serves to lower the intention of termination. However, there is a limitation that it is targeted only to the restaurant franchise, and it is necessary to study the conflict resolution behavior depending on the type of conflict.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.4D
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• pp.565-571
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• 2006

This study aimed to analyze access mode choice behavior for KTX Passengers. To fulfill the aims of this study, Dong-Daegu Station was selected as a station for a case study. This study takes place in two stages. These are (i) descriptive statistical analysis of transportation status before and after introduction of the KTX, (ii) empirical model estimation for analyzing access mode choice behavior. This study makes use of the data from travel survey from Daegu metropolitan area. The main part of the survey was carried out in the KTX Dong-Daegu station. The data was collected from a sample of 1,800 individuals. The survey data includes the information on travel from Dong-Daegu station to Seoul. From descriptive statistical analysis of transportation status before and after introduction of the KTX, it is found that revealed demand of the KTX is lower than that expected. Moreover, it is found that the low demand of the KTX stems from high cost for the KTX itself and inconvenience( including travel time and cost) of access mode. In order to analyze mode choice behavior for accessing Dong-Daegu station, multinomial logit model structure is used. For the model specification, a variety of behavioral assumptions about the factors which affect the access mode choice, were considered. From the empirical model estimation, it si found that access travel time and access travel cost are significant in choosing access mode. Given the empirical evidence, we see that improvement of access transportation system for Dong-Daegu station is very important for enhancing the use of KTX.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.59-81
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• 2004

Store loyalty is increasingly being recognized as a path to long-term business profitability. Customer contact employees deliver a service firm's promises and create an important image for the firm. A major purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of customer service and product value on store loyalty. In order to test research hypotheses, data were collected through surveys administered to 300 apparel store customers. Two hundred thirty nine usable data were used for the analysis. The findings of this research are as follows: First, a employee's voluntary service(EVS) has a positive impact on interpersonal r elationship, which then affects switching barrier and store loyalty. Second, a employee's regular service(ERS) has an influence on store satisfaction, which in turn affect store loyalty. Third, product value is shown to be a significant antecedent to store satisfaction, which have a direct effect on store loyalty. The study concludes with implications, contributions, and limitations of the research and the empirical findings of this research should be beneficial to marketing practitioners and retailing businessmen in developing effective marketing strategies.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.709-719
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• 2023

In general, most of the electrical equipment responsible for control within power plants is housed in self-standing cabinets. These cabinets are typically fixed to a slab using post-installed anchors. Although the fixation method of using post-installed anchors provides stability, there is a risk of conductor failure due to external forces, including moments. However, the performance assessment of current anchors is only evaluated through uniaxial material tests. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study is to compare the static performance of post-installed anchors, considering on-site installation conditions, with their performance in material tests and to analyze the behavioral characteristics of the anchors. While conducting experiments using actual cabinets would be ideal, practical and spatial constraints make this approach difficult. As an alternative, experiments were conducted using a test specimen consisting of a steel column and a support. As a result, the pull-out performance of anchors reflecting on-site installation conditions was measured to be about 10% higher than that observed in material tests. The trends in load reduction and the point of maximum performance for the anchors also differed. To verify the reliability of the experimental study, a 3D FEM analysis was performed, which will provide predictive information on the loads transferred to the post-installed anchors for structural performance evaluations of electrical cabinets using shaking table test in the future.